• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.754-761
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• 2001

Effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E on antioxidant vitamin status were studied in rat brain sections. Sources of dietary fat(10t%) were safflower oil(SO) poor in $\omega$3 fatty acid and mixed oil (MO) with computer-adjustd fatty acid ratios(AA/DHA=1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/1.5/1, AA=2.%)with (ME) and without(MO) vitamin E(500mg/kg diet). Rats were fed the three kinds of diet from 3-4 wks prior to the conception. At the age of 3 & 9wks of the 2nd generation rat, antioxidant vitamins were measured in frontal cortex(FC), corpus striatum (CS), cerebellum(CB) and hippocampus(HP) using a multiwavelength, reverse phase gradient HPLC system. The levels of antioxidant vitamins converged to the similar value in all groups at 9 wks of age. Retinol, lycopene and cryptoxanthin levels of all experimental groups were found to be the highest in hippocampus at both 3 & 9wks of age. The levels of vitamin E appeared to be higher in the order of HP>CS-CB>FC in MO & ME. Beta-carotene and retinol showed the lowest level in hippocampus of vitamin E supplemented groups, even though vitamin E level tended to be higher in other sections. It seemed that vitamin E has an inhibitory action on the uptake of beta-carotene or acts as a preferred antioxidant to beta-carotene in certain section of the brain. By improving fatty acid balance (AA/DHA = 1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/1.5/1, AA = 2%), the levels of vitamin E, retinol, lycopene & beta=carotene tended to be higher in MO than in SO, although crytoxanthin became lower at 3wks of age. In short, dietary fatty acids and vitamin E have different influence on antioxidant vitamin status in different rat brain sections. The higher levels of antioxidant vitamins in hippocampus should be pursued further in relation to behavioral development of rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1266-1270
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the contents of vitamins A and E in carcass fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle, because the method of controlling the amount of vitamin A in feed has been used in the production of expensive beef with high marbling in Japan. We determined the contents of tocopherol and retinol in subcutaneous and perirenal fats for 40 carcasses of Japanese Black and F1 (Holstein${\times}$Japanese Black crossed) cattle that had been sent to market from 10 prefectures. In bovine fat, free ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was present in the greatest amount, the level of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was about 10% and there was only a trace of ${\delta}$-tocopherol. The means${\pm}$standard deviation of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in subcutaneous and perirenal fats were $0.68{\pm}0.33mg/100g$ and $0.54{\pm}0.23mg/100g$, respectively. The means${\pm}$standard deviation of retinol content in subcutaneous and perirenal fats were $2.9{\pm}4.5{\mu}g/100g$ and $2.9{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. Both vitamins differed widely between animals and were present at a relatively low level compared to other reports (${\alpha}$-tocopherol 2.4-5.4 mg/100 g fat tissue and $30-220{\mu}g/100g$ muscle tissue). The correlation coefficients between subcutaneous and perirenal fats for retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content were 0.97 (p<0.01) and 0.82 (p<0.01), respectively, which showed high correlation. However, the correlation coefficients between retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol contents for subcutaneous and perirenal fats were 0.11 and 0.08, respectively, which showed low correlation. Breed effect was observed in both vitamins. These results indicated that vitamins A and E in fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle under the vitamin A controlling method are present at relatively low levels and feeds need to be supplemented with vitamin E.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1999

Two low-salt complex media, bactopeptone and desalted yeast extract, were used for high density cultivation of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (DSM 1617). Bactopeptone, which has low mineral ion content among various complex media, was good for cell growth in batch cultures; the maximal cell density in bactopeptone was comparable to that in yeast extract. However, cell growth was rather poor when bactopeptone was added by the fed-batch procedure. Since several vitamins are deficient in abctopeptone, the effect of vitamins on cell growth was examined. Among the vitamins tested, pyridoxine was found to improve the growth rate of S. solfataricus. To reduce the growth inhibition caused by mineral ions, yeast extract was dialyzed against distilled water and then fed-batch cultures were carried out using a fed medium containing desalted yeast extract. Although the concentrations of mineral ions in yeast extract were significantly lowered by the dialysis whether low molecular weight solutes in yest extract are crucial for cell growth, we investigated the effect of trehalose, a most abundant compatible solute in yeast extract, on the growth pattern. Cell densities were increased and the length of the lag phase was markedly shortened by the presence of trehalose, indicating that trehalose plays an important role in the growth of S. solfataricus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.881-887
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• 2004

Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Exercise is generally believed to reduce the plasma homocysteine levels and therefore, being beneficial for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a possibility that athletes undergoing strenuous training and competition which increase oxidative stress may suffer from increased plasma homocysteine levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of endurance training on the plasma concentrations of B vitamins and homocysteine in 23 male adolescent field hockey players. Data collection and blood sampling was performed during the training period and non-training period. Following the training period, significant changes in energy and vitamin B6 intakes were observed in these subjects. Plasma vitamin B2, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and homocysteine levels were significantly higher during the training period than non-training period, whereas no difference was observed in plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. Positive correlation was observed between plasma folate and folic acid intakes. When energy, B vitamin intakes were adjusted there was a significant negative correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and plasma riboflavin, folate and vitamin B12 levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that athletes with oxidative stress by strenuous exercise may need B vitamins since riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin Bl2 were shown to be negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine in athletes during the training period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1088-1092
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• 2004

The present investigation was undertaken to study the status of plasma antioxidant vitamins in normal cycling and $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented anestrus buffalo heifers. The pre-supplementation plasma levels ($\mu$mol/L) of vitamin E and $\beta$-carotene were significantly (p<0.05) lower and of vitamin C was significantly (p<0.05) higher in anestrus heifers (4.06$\pm$0.07; 4.56$\pm$0.17; 21.04$\pm$0.21) when compared to normal cycling ones (4.92$\pm$0.05; 6.76$\pm$0.12; 14.24$\pm$0.16). The oral supplementation of$\alpha$-tocopherol at 3,000 mg per week per animal in anestrus heifers resulted in a significant (p<0.01) increase in vitamin E and $\beta$-carotene levels and a significant (p<0.01) decrease in vitamin C concentration. Results indicated that supplementation of $\alpha$-tocopherol to anestrus buffalo heifers improved the antioxidant status by mitigating the harmful effects of free radical induced oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

A feeding trial was conducted to determine whether dietary vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) prevent any drops in egg shell quality under heat stress in broiler breeder hens. One hundred and sixty molted Ross broiler breeders were housed randomly in an individual cage at 83 weeks of age. Four dietary treatments with forty hens and four replications per treatment were control (no additional vitamins). vitamin C-. or vitamin E-supplemented. and combined supplementation of the two vitamins. After a ten-day-adaptation period at 25 $^{\circ}C$. the ambient temperature was kept at 32 $^{\circ}C$ for a three-week-testing period. Egg production dropped dramatically over week but it did not show a significant change among treatments (P<0.05). However. egg weight. SG. shell thickness. SWUSA. puncture force and shell breaking strength of the birds fed the diet with the combined vitamins C and E were significantly improved than those fed the basal diet during the heat stress period (P<0.05). The hens fed the vitamin C supplemented diet showed a tibia breaking strength of 37.16 kg statistically higher than those of the basal and the vitamin E supplemented groups (P<0.05). The hens fed the basal diet showed higher serum corticosterone levels. a mean of 5.97 ng/ml. than those of the rest of treatments (P<0.05). The heat stress elevated heterophils but decreased lymphocytes in serum. and it changed H/L ratios of all the treatments. The increases in H/L ratios were alleviated in the bird by feeding vitamin C and/or vitamin E supplemented diets. but they did not differ significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion. vitamins C (200 mg/kg) and/or E (250 mg/kg) supplementation to diets could prevent drops in egg shell quality and tibia bone strength by alleviating stressful effects from high temperature in broiler breeder hens.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 2020

In this study, the contents of soluble vitamins B₁ (thiamin), B₂ (riboflavin), and B₃ (niacin) in 13 kinds of rice, 11 kinds of noodles, and 15 kinds of sauces were identified. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were checked to determine the reliability of the experimental results, and the accuracy of the results through the standard reference material (SRM 1849a) was verified to show excellent indicators. As for thiamin, japchaebab (stir-fried glass noodles with rice) was found to contain the highest content among rice dishes, makguksu (buckwheat noodles) among noodle dishes, and tomato spaghetti sauce among sauces. Riboflavin was identified as having the highest content in slightly spicy jajangbab (black-bean sauce with rice), bibimguksu (spicy noodles) for noodles, and spicy curry with turmeric for sauces. Niacin was highest in content in the deep and rich flavors of spicy chicken-fried rice, janchiguksu (banquet noodles), and black-bean sauce, respectively. As a result of checking the amount of recommended daily intake of water-soluble vitamins for Korean adult men and women, the highest content of riboflavin was 217.40% for men and 271.75% for women. Through this study, we are going to establish a database of nutrients for the water-soluble vitamins contained in rice, noodles, and sauces to provide the necessary dietary data concerning the content of the water-soluble vitamins contained in foods for daily recommended intake.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1997

The optimum concentrations of pH, sucrose and vitamins for the growth and tropane alkaloid production of hairy root clone DTLA9 (best growth line) were investigated. The optimum pH in growth and tropane alkaliod production of DTLA9 clone in SH (Schenk and Hildebrandt, 1972) basal medium without growth regulator were pH 6.3 and 6.5, respectively. Also, the optimum sucrose concentration in growth and tropane alkaliod production in the same medium were 3.0 and 2.8%, respectively. The optimum concentrations of ascorbic acid, D-pantothenate, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine on the growth of DTLA9 clone in SH basal medium without vitamins were 0.1 mM, 0.003 mM, 0.07 mM, 0.002 mM, 0.025 mM, and 0.01 mM, respectively. In particular, supplement of 0.1 mM ascorbic acid to SH basal medium without vitamins stimulated the tropane alkaloid production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.502-511
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• 2021

In this study, the content of water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B₁ (thiamin), B₂ (riboflavin), B₃ (niacin), B₅ (pantothenic acid), B₆ (pyridoxine), B₇ (biotin), B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin), and C (ascorbic acid) in dishes containing meat and seafood consumed in Korea were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. All analyses were performed under strict quality control of vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₁₂, and C. The highest content of vitamin B₁ was observed in Bugeo-gangjeong (1.373 mg/100 g) and the highest level of vitamin B₂ (5.162 mg/100 g) was found in pig liver. Bugeo-gangjeong showed the highest content of vitamin B₃ (21.676 mg/100 g), and kkomak-muchim contained considerable amounts (43.310 mg/100 g) of vitamin B₅. Vitamin B₆ was not detected in most seafood dishes except for yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (0.274 mg/100 g) and was present at low levels or not present at all in meat dishes. The highest content of vitamin B₇ was 6.506 ㎍/100 g in saeu-jeon and kkomak-muchim showed the highest content (21.132 ㎍/100 g) of vitamin B₁₂. The highest content of vitamin C was in yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (84.508 mg/100 g). In addition, the analysis methods of each water-soluble vitamin were verified. These results showed that seafood-based ingredients in several dishes could be a good source of water-soluble vitamins.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative potential of Korean wild leaf vegetables. Antixoidative activity of chamchwi (Aster scaber), nurucchwi (Pleurospermum kamtschaticum) sumssukbujengee (Aster glheni), moshidae (Adenophora remotiflora), spinach (Spinacia oleracea)k was evaluated as a reference for commonly used synthetic antioxidant, BHA. We compared the content of $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidant vitamins, and total phenolic compound including flavonoid as non-vitamin compounds in Korean wild leaf vegetables and spinach. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, Aster scaber and Adenophora remotiflor was only 18-20% of control. TBA value of Aster glheni was 40% of control. On the basis of moles, the high level of vitamin C is the major contributor to the total antioxidant vitamin contents of Pleurospermum kamschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor were also much higher than those of spinach. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Aster glheni were much higher than those of spinach while total amount of antioxidant vitamins was significantly lower than that of spinach. These results suggest that Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor could have antioxidative potency in food. Because of the higher content of antioxidant vitamins in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor, these Korean wild leaf vegetables may have preventive effects on degenerative diseases, which have been associated with free radical mediated events.