• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Data regarding the effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on sleep status are limited. This study aimed to test whether γ-PGA and vitamin B₆ (VitB6) supplements improve sleep duration and quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A factorial randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study included 47 adults (25 men and 22 women) who were free of chronic disease. Stratified randomized allocation considered age and gender for three interventions, group A (supplementation with γ-PGA 600 mg; n = 16), group B (supplementation with VitB6 100 mg; n = 14), and group C (dual supplementation of both γ-PGA 600 mg and VitB6 100 mg; n = 17). Participants underwent a 1-mon intervention period, followed by a 1-mon washout period, and then a second 1-mon intervention period. Differences (mean ± SD) in nighttime sleep status before and after supplementation were compared between the placebo and intervention groups using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Significant changes in sleep duration (0.27 ± 0.98 h, P < 0.05) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score (-0.52 ± 1.58, P < 0.05) indicating improved sleep status were observed in the intervention compared with the placebo of group C while no significant changes were observed in groups A and B. No statistical significance was detected between the intervention and the placebo; however, there was a greater increase in the group C intervention (4.59 ± 38.5 ng/mL) in serum serotonin concentrations than the groups A and B interventions. No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, the dual supplementation of γ-PGA and VitB6 may be effective as functional food components to improve nighttime sleep status.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.611-617
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• 1990

Vitamin $B_{12}$의 생산성을 높이기 위하여 Bacillus natto와 vitamin $B_{12}$ 생산균주로 알려진 Bacillus megaterium IAM 1166 균주간의 종간 원형질체 융합을 시도하였다. 변이원 처리에 의해 활성이 우수하며 genetic marker로써 $thr^-try^-rif^r$인 Bacillus natto SH-34 및 $arg^-ade^-lys ^-str^r$의 genetic marker를 가진 Bacillus megaterium BK-13을 분리하였다. 원형질체 융합을 행하기 위하여 $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ lysozyme 처리시 원형질체 형성률과 재생률은 99% 및 67%를 나타내었다. 변이주 Bacillus natto SH-34 및 Bacillus megaterium BK-13간에 $1.0{\times}10^{-5}$을 나타내었다. 융합주 MNF-72는 vitamin $B_{12}$ 생산용 배지에서 $7.85\;{\mu}g/ml$의 높은 생산성을 나타내었으며, 융합주 MNF-72를 sodium alginate로 고정화를 하여 회분식 및 연속식 발효를 행하였을 때 72시간에 $0.58\;{\mu}g/ml.hr$ 및 $0.80\;{\mu}g/ml.hr$의 vitamin $B_{12}$를 생산하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2014

The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between food habits and nutrient intake in college female students. Nutrient intakes of 149 female subjects aged 19.3 y were determined by using 24-hr recall. The questionnaire included general characteristics and food habits (frequency of breakfast and fast food intake). Body composition was determined by bioim- pedance analysis. Nutrient analysis was performed with Can pro software. Statistics were generated using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Mean intake of energy, fiber, calcium, potassium. vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C by the subjects ware below KDRIs. The nutrients for which the largest proportion of subjects showed inadequate intakes (less than the RI or AI) were potassium, calcium, vitamin C and fiber. Subjects that consumed fast food ${\leq}6$ times showed significantly lower intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin C. Subjects who skipped breakfast more frequently showed significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C than subjects who ate breakfast more frequently. This is strong evidence that higher intakes of nutrients such as potassium, fiber, and calcium are associated with increased frequency of eating breakfast or decreased frequency of eating fast food. Low calcium, fiber, and potassium intakes may thus lead to chronic diseases. Nutrition education can be an important facilitator for improving nutrient intakes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2006

In recent years a concern of excessive intakes of vitamins and minerals from various sources is increasing, since there has been a marked increase in production and consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements and fortified foods. The purpose of this study was to assess the maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from various sources including diet, fortified foods, and health functional foods among Koreans. As a result, the highest exposure group of most vitamins and minerals from diet was adults (30 - 49 years of age) according to 2001 Korean National Nutrition and Health Survey Report. Maximum dietary intakes of vitamin A, $B_1,\;B_2$, C, nicotinamide, calcium, phosphorus and iron were 0.5 - 7 times of the RDA for Koreans, 7th ed. Maximum intakes of vitamins and minerals from fortified foods by adults (20 - 59 years of age) were 8 - 760% of the Korean RDA. In addition, maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from vitamin mineral health functional foods by middle aged people was 35 - 140% of the upper limits (UL: DRI for Koreans). As a consequence, maximum combined intakes of vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc from the above sources including diet, fortified foods and vitamin mineral health functional foods were greater than the UL. These results would be applied for determining the safe upper limits of vitamin and mineral of health functional foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on microsomal mixed function oxidase system of kidney in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups which were subdivided into vitamin E free diet(DM-0E group) 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-40E group) and 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-400E group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55 mg/kg B.W of STZ in citrate buffer(pH4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P450 in kidney were increased by 82, 54, 41% in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups respectively when compared with normal group. The contents of cytochrome b5 in kidney were increased by 28% in DM-0E when compared with normal group but those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were similar to that of normal group. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in kidney that were increased by 35% in DM-0E group. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 207, 129% and 72% in DM-0E and DM-400E groups respectively when compared with normal group but those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were 26,44% lower than that of DM-0E groups. It is know that the activities of MFO system and lipid peroxidation were inhibited in kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rat by administeration of high doses of vitamin E.(Korean J Nutrition 33(6) : 619~624, 2000)

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1987

The main purpose of these studies was the improvemen of nutritional supply and of the future physical coditions. The two groups which were regional difference were chosen and research for the nutritional status of elementary school students. The nutritional status of lunch-box between one elementary School of 98 students in the 6th year grade(hence-forward it was called "A-Group"), located at the center of Masan City, being provided the milk and the other elementary School of 134 students in the 6th year grade(hence-forward it was called "B-Group"), located in the small farm and fishing villages of Kusan-myun, Euichang-kun, Kyungnam province, were seweyed from the period of Nov. 20, 1986 to Dec. 4, 1986 and conclusion were as follows: 1. Nutritional status of lunch-box 1) It is indicated that in the case of A-Group, the nutirtional intake except animal protein and vitamin A were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances of Korenas and in the case B-Group, was also lower than except vitamin A respectively and especially in both groups, the percentage of Fe was lowest and intended difference between A Group and B was that B-Group in the intake of calorie, fat, Ca, Fe and etc were lower than A-Group. 2) The total calorie-intake was short of the extent to approx. 83.8% as compared to the RDA. On the viewpoint at ratio of intake of caloric nutrients, A-Group appeared to be 69.5 : 16.5 : 14 and B-Group, 77.5 : 19.5 : 13 in order carbohydrate, protein and fat. As a result of the above ratio, B-Group depended upon carbohydrate as a staple food more than A-Group. It can be considered that the total calorie-intake is short, and that the amount of lunch-box was greatly insufficient for taking optimal nutrition. 3) Calorie, carbohydrate, vitamin B, and niacin were taken nutrition from a staple food and protein from at similar ratio of staple and subsidiary food and fat, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin B1, adn vitamin C were mainly taken from a staple food. It was indicated that B-Group was higher at the supply-ratio by a staple food than A-Group. 3. The realities of improvement of physical conditions The improvement of physical conditions of the two groups were lower in accordance with Korea Children's Growth Standard, but B-Group was inferior to A-Group. 4. Seeing that the total intake of nutrition being taken at lunch time was lower as campared to the RDA intakes between the two Groups were remakably different, a lot of efforts should be made to improve the calorie-intake for the purpose of the farm and fishing villages. For balanced intake of nutrition, selection of foods and various cooking ways are important, therefore, throughout the expansion of the lowest stratum of elementary schools for milk-supply, high-quality protein, fat, Ca, vitamin B2 and etc should be supplied to the growing students. That can narrow the gaps of the intake of nutrition and physical condition between the students who live in cities and the students who live in the country.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2001

This survey was carried out to study the difference of nutrient intake, food behavior and health condition according to food intake diversity in the elderly(age 65 year over and 74 year under) in a local city. A diet survey with one day 24-recall method was used for 216 subjects(65 male & 151 female). Based on a food intake diversity examination, including an evaluation of KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score ; counts the number of food groups consumed daily from total five food groups(cereal, meat, vegetable, dairy, and oil groups)), Meal Balance(apply the KDDS at breakfast, lunch and dinner), and DVS(Dietary Variety Score ; total number of foods consumed), subjects were clustered according to food intake diversity. Food intake diversity patterns of male and female clusters were classified each into threes(Male-low group(24.6%), middle group(33.8%), and high group(41.5%)/Female low group(41.7%) middle group(37.1%), and high group(21.2%). The averages of KDDS, Meal Balance and DVS were 3.0, 7.5, 14.8 in the male middle group, and 4.5, 10.2, 25.7 in the male high group, 2.7, 6.3, 14.3 in the female low group, 4.0, 8.6, 18.0 in the female middle group, and 4.5, 10.5, 25.7 in the female high group respectively. The average dairy intake of nutrients below the RDA were energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$and niacin in the male low group, energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$in the male middle group and energy, Ca, Vitamin B$_2$in the male high group but a little. Also the female low group had intakes of all nutrients except Vitamin C, the middle group had intakes of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$, and the female high group had intakes of energy, Ca, Vitamin A below the RDA respectively. Food intake diversity increasing, nutrient intake, food behavior and health condition proved to be good. This study explored the usefulness of cluster analysis in identifying food intake diversity of three groups of the elderly in relation to their nutrient intake, food behavior and health conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 20대 초반의 젊은 여성인 일부 여대생을 대상으로 영양소 섭취량. 인체계측, 혈장 호모시스테인 및 혈중 비타민 농도를 분석하여 혈장 호모시스테인 농도와 비타민 영양상태 간의 상관성을 조사하였다. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 22.4세였으며 평균 수축기, 이완기 혈압은 각각 115mmHg, 71.5mmHg였다. 조사대상주중 13%(4명)만이 영양 보충제를 섭취하였고 33%(10명)정도가 월 3회 이상 음주를 하였으며 흡연자는 3%(1명)에 해당하였다. 평균 신장과 체중은 각각 160.9cm. 54.5kg이었으며 BMI는 21.0 체지방률은 24.9%로 모두 정상수준 범위에 해당하였다. 일일 평균 열량 섭취량은 1731.9kcal로 권장량의 86.6%에 해당하는 다소 낮은 수준이었다. 비타민 B$_{12}$의 일일 평균 섭취량은 2.2mg이었으며 비타민 B$_{6}$와 엽산의 일일 평균 섭취량은 각각 0.9mg, 139.8$\mu\textrm{g}$으로 권장량의 58.7%와 55.9%로 나타나 낮은 섭취수준을 보였다. 이들 비타민의 주요 급원 식품으로 비타민 B$_{6}$는 곡류 및 전분류(61.4%), 비타민 B$_{12}$는 육류 및 달걀류(49.0%) 그리고 엽산은 야채 및 과일류 (55.2%)로 조사되었다. 조사대상자의 혈장 호모시스테인의 평균농도는 12.4$\mu$mol/l로 정상범위를 나타내는 5~15$\mu$mol/l에 해당하였으며 전체 조사대상자중 5명은 15$\mu$mol/l이상의 혈장 호모시스테인 농도(15.1~17.8$\mu$mol/l)를 나타내었다. 혈장 비타민 B$_{6}$(PLP)의 평균 농도는 77.5nmol/l로 정상수준인 30nmol/l이상이었으며. 비타민 B$_{12}$의 평균농도 역시 267.4pmol/l로 정상범위인 147.6~664pmol/l에 속하였다. 적혈구와 혈청의 평균 엽산 농도는 각각 736.5nmol/l, 17.1nmol/l였으며 조사대상자 모두 적혈구 엽산의 한계결핍 수준인 315~359nmol/l 이상과 혈청 엽산 농도의 적정 수준인 13.5nmo/l/이상의 양호한 영양상태를 나타내었다. 또한 적혈구와 혈청의 엽산 농도 사이에 유의한 양의 상관성이 있었다 비타민 B$_{6}$, B$_{12}$ 및 엽산의 섭취가 증가할수록 혈장 호모시스테인 함량이 감소하는 경향이 있었으며 이들 비타민의 혈중 농도와 혈장 호모시스테인 농도 사이에도 음의 경향을 나타내었으나 유의한 상관성은 없었다. 엽산 섭취량의 증가에 따라 적혈구와 혈청의 엽산 농도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 비타민 B$_{6}$의 섭취량과 혈중 총 비타민 B$_{6}$의 90%이상을 차지하는 혈장 PLP농도 사이에는 유의한 양의 상고나성이 있었다. 혈중 호모시스테인 농도는 질병의 위험요인으로서 뿐 아니라 대사적으로 밀접하게 연관된 비타민 영양상태의 biomarker로서도 그 영향력이 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 성별에 다른 다양한 연령집단에서 건강한 일반인과 심혈관계 질환자 등을 대상으로 호모시스테인과 비타민 영양상태에 대한 연구가 체계적으로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B intake on biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and blood glucose control, that are important in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Seventy-six adults (42 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of diabetes patients who had visited the medical center for treatment. Data on anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆ and folate were collected using 24-hour diet recall and the CAN Pro 4.0 program. Also, data on clinical indices such as serum lipids, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were collected and analyzed for correlation with dietary vitamin B intake. Results from the dietary intake survey showed that riboflavin and folate intake (in males) and folate intake (in females) were below the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between hs-CRP and dietary intake of B vitamins. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure after adjustments for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, ingestion of diabetes mellitus medication and energy intake (p<0.05). Our results suggest that dietary vitamin B may influence inflammation and consequently may help in better management of type 2 diabetes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍이 3일간 금식과 6일간 감식시 체내 저장연료 이용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아본 결과, -B2군은 pair-feeding을 감식시켰음에도 불구하고 +B2군에 비해 체중이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 식이 이용효율도 낮았다. 모든 장기, 특히 간장 무게는 -B2군이 +B2군에 비해 무겁게 나타났으며, 감식과 금식시에도 -B2군의 장기무게가 가벼워졌으나 여전히 유의하게 무거웠으며 -B2군의 간장 중성 지방이 높게 나타나 지방간 증상으로 간장이 비대해진 것으로 추정된다. 혈장 포도당과 단백질 함량은 섭식, 금식 및 감식시 +B2군과 -B2군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈장 중성지방 수준은 +B2군에 비해 -B2군이 섭식시는 높은 수준을 나타냈으나 금식 및 감식시에는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 간장 중성 지방도 이와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 유리지방산 수준은 섭식시에는 +B2군과 -B2군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 금식으로 인해 +B2군은 유리지방산 수준이 증가하였고 -B2군은 오히려 감소하여 -B2군이 +B2군 보다 낮게 나타났다. 그러므로 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍으로 인해 이 유리지방산의 유리가 원활히 일어나지 않았거나, 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍으로 인해 지방산화가 저해된 것이 금식으로 지방이 에저지원으로 이용되어야만 하는 상황이 발생하여 감소된 지방산 산화가 다소 회복된 것으로 추정된다. 금식 및 감식시 +B2군에 비해 -B2군이 근육단백질 수준은 높은 경향을 나타내었고 근육 글리코겐 수준은 낮은 경향을 나타내어 -B2군이 심각한 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍으로 저지방이나 근육단백질을 이용하지 못하게 됨에 따라 근육 글리코겐을 이용한 것으로 추정된다. 이는 +B2군에 비해 -B2군의 뇨중 총질소 배설량이 적은 것으로도 재확인되었다. 그러므로 금식이나 감식시 체지방이나 체단백질을 이용하는 에너지 보충 적응기전이 일어나야 하나 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍상태에서는 이러한 체내 열량공급이 지장을 받게 되며, 체단백질 이용저하로 포도당 신생이 영향을 받아 장기간의 금식 또는 감식시에는 혈장 포도당 수준도 낮아질 것으로 예상된다.