• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2019

The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize the wild yeast strains in the soils of Hajodae and Gyungpodae Beaches, Gyungpo Lake in Kangwon-do, Korea and evaluate their anti-demential and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Among the 27 yeast strains isolated from 30 soil samples from Hajodae Beach, Cyberlindnera culbertsonii HJ31-1, Dothichiza pithyophila HJ22-4, Metschnikowia bicuspidata HJ16-1, and Sakaguchia cladiensis HJ14-1 were recorded for the first time in Korea. Additionally, six of the 55 wild yeast strains isolated from 45 soil samples from Gyungpodae Beach and Gyungpo Lake had not previously been detected in Korea, such as Aureobasidium melanogenum JR3-1. The microbiological characteristics and anti-demential and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of these previously unrecorded yeasts were investigated. Almost all of them were oval-shaped and had ascospores except for Dothichiza pithyophila HJ22-4, Diutina siamensis JR37-5, and Canadida gelsemii DC 35-1. Furthermore, they were all sugar-tolerant and able to grow in 20% glucose-containing YPD broth, except for Cyberlindnera culbertsonii HJ31-1. Diutina siamensis JR37-5 had the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (30.9%).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.25-33
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• 2005

Melanocytes synthesize melanin within discrete organelle termed melanosomes which are transferred to the surrounding keratinocytes and can be produced in varying sizes, numbers and densities. Skin whitening products have become increasingly popular in the past few years. The most successful natural skin whitening agents are: arbutin, vitamin C, kojic acid, and mulberry, which are all tyrosinase inhibitors. In this work, melanoston, a melanogenesis inhibitor isolated from yeast was studied to understand its mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition. It was found that melanoston was not a tyrosinase inhibitor, while when melanoston was applied to the B16 melanoma cell culture media, the intracellular tyrosinase activity was decreased by more than $30\%$. When B16 melanoma was stimulated with $\alpha$-MSH, cell morphololgy was dramatically changed to have lots of dendrites on the cell membrane surface. On the other hand, B16 was treated with $\alpha$-MSH and melanoston, simultaneously, the change of cell morphologv was not so great. This inhibitory effect of melanoston was found to be related to the inhibition of intracellar activation and transportation of tyrosinase, which was observed by irmmunostaining of B16 melanoma using anti-tyrosinase antibody. From these results, melanoston was regarded as an inhibitor to the differentiation of melanoma cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.295-304
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• 2005

Recently, arbutin, oil soluble licorice extact (GLY), ascorbyl glucoside (AA2G), and ethyl ascorbyl ether (EAE) have been widely used as functional whitening ingredients. To Investigate which combination between the above agents could be more effective for whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 melanoma cells were investigated. Both GLY and arbutin dose-dependently inhibited purified tyrosinase activity. The inhibitory effects of GLY with AA2A or EAE on Drosinase activity were more potent than those of GLY alone, whereas that of arbutin with other ingreadients did not show those effects. In MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 melanoma cells, the mixture of Gly and EAE more significantly reduced melanin formation than Gly alone. Stability of mixture of GLY, arbutin, AA2A and EAE exposed at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C\;or\;45^{\circ}C$ for 30 days were also investigated. All of the combinations of whitening agents did not show any critical changes in their composition stability. These data suggest that the combination of GLY and vitamin C derivatives such as AA2G and EAE may be useful for the promotion of whitening effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2015

The skin is one of the largest organs in our body and participates in many of the human organism's physiological and pathological events. Skin function were known for self-maintenance and self-repair, mechanical and chemical stress protection, protection against UV and environmental pathogenic micro-organisms, production of vitamin D, and social and psychological function through the physical aspect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of biophysical parameters and to find relation with skin biomarkers in different anatomical site and age in Korean women. About 70 healthy volunteers in age range 20 to 49 were participated in this test. Test areas were the forearms and the cheek. Investigation to determine biophysical parameters on human skin, was carried out using various non-invasive methods. For analysis to skin biomarkers, we studied to examine various biomarkers for the quantitative determination of cortisol, fibronectin, keratin-1, 10, and 11, involucrin, and keratin-6 in human face and forearm. And we measured to skin biophysical parameters for skin anatomical site and age difference with non-invasive methods. As results of measuring site, some parameters were have following significant difference, stratum corneum hydration, trans epidermal water loss and skin color (L and a value). As results of age difference, skin colors were had only significant difference with age. For cortisol, keratin-6, fibronectin, keratin-1, 10, 11 contents, there were no significant difference in age and site. However, involucrin level in the cheeks were the highest for age group 30 ~ 39 compared to other age groups. These results suggest that in individual skin condition may explain detailed skin state variation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2008

It is known that Spirulina extracts have strong antioxidant activities since it contains diverse antioxidants such as phycocyanian, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin E and other carotenoids. In order to enhance antioxidant activity of Spirulina, Spirulina extracts were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum P23 and Bacillus subtilis TP6. The resulting fermented supernatants were analyzed for their antioxidant activities by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydiazyl) method. The results indicated that fermentation process significantly enhanced total antioxidant activities. Increased levels of UV-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were reduced back to normal level even by treatment of all three of the Spirulina extracts. The result suggested that the fermentation process enhanced the anti-inflammatory activities at least ten times higher than the simple extract. Zymography is used to determine the expression of UV-induced MMP. Spirulina extracts fermented by Bacillus subtilis TP6 were found to suppressed the expression of MMPs. Also treatment with the fermented Spirulina extracts resulted in an increase of collagen synthesis in vitro. In conclusion, the fermented Spirulina extracts are expected to be used as anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.569-576
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• 2012

This study was conducted to compare the major chemical components of Korea Crataegi fructrus (KCF) and Chinese Crataegi fructrus (CCF). Among the proximate compositions, the curde fat content of KCF was lower than that of CCF, whereas their crude protein, crude ash and carbohydrate contents were similar. CCF had a higher total free sugar content than KCF. The major free sugars of KCF and CCF were identified as fructose and glucose. The value of glutamic acid was greater in the amino acids of KCF and CCF, and KCF had higher total amino acids and essential amino acids contents than CCF. KCF also had a higher level unsaturated fatty acids than CCF. CCF had a higher organic acid content, but both KCF and CCF had high citric acid levels. and Chinese The vitamin C contents of KCF and CCF were 272.69 mg per 100 g and 262.38 mg per100 g, respectively. The mineral content of KCF was higher than that of CCF, in the following order : K > Ca > Mg > Fe. The results showed that KCF had higher total amino acid, essential amino acid, unsaturated fatty acid and mineral contents and CCF had higher free sugar and organic acid contents.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.720-726
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• 2010

The in vitro antioxidant activities and neuronal cell protective effects of 60% (w/v) methanolic extract from Houttuynia cordata were investigated. The contents of total phenolics and quercitrin in the extract were 17.71 mg/g and 75.80 ${\mu}g$/g, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were 87.79% and 99.27%, respectively, when the extract was tested at 5 mg/ml. The FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) assay showed a dose-dependent increse in activity. In a cell viability assay using MTT, the extract protected against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was also inhibited by the extract, as was lipid peroxidation as shown using the mouse brain homogenate test. These data indicate that a 60% (w/v) methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata has in vitro antioxidant activities, and ingestion there of may reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1231-1244
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• 2014

Oysters, especially are excellent source of several mineral including iron, zinc and selenium, which are often low in the mordern diet. They are also an excellent source of glycogen, vitamin B12 and considered the healthiest when eaten raw on the half shell in good tasted season from November to March. This study was investigated for the purpose of obtaining basic data which can be applied to processing of two kinds of canned boiled oyster (canned boiled oyster, canned boiled oyster in bamboo salt). Shucked oyster meat was cooked in steam (15min) after washing with water, filled 90g into can (301-3), added with salt solution and then precooked for 10 min. at $100^{\circ}C$. Canned boiled oyster was added 1.5% salt solution 60mL. Canned boiled oyster in bamboo salt was added 0.5% salt solution 30mL and 0.7% bamboo salt solution 30mL. The cans were seamed using a vacuum seamer, and then sterilized for various Fo values (Fo 8~12 min.) in a steam system retort at $116^{\circ}C$, $118^{\circ}C$. Viable bacterial count, proximate composition, pH, salinity, yield, VBN, amino-N, TBA, mineral, color value, free amino acid, hardness and sensory evaluation of two kinds of canned boiled oyster produced at various sterilization condition (Fo 8~12 min.) were measured after divide to meat and juice. The results showed that canned boiled oyster in bamboo salt sterilized at Fo 8 min. was the most desirable because this condition is the most economical and tasty.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2000

The reasonable level of nitrogen fertilizer of Gyokuro tea which is producted fresh leaves plucked from shade tea plants is a key factor to increase crop yield and quality. Nitrogen were applied at the level to 60, 80, 100 and $120kg\;10a^{-1}$. Analytical results of yield and quality of Gyokuro tea are summarized as follows : The soil fertility of experimental field was higher in organic matter($59.8g\;kg^{-1}$) and available phosphate($1,285mg\;kg^{-1}$), but lower in pH(4.79) compared to the common field. As the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was increased to $80kg\;10a^{-1}$, the yield of tea leaves, the content of total nitrogen, total amino acid, caffeine and chlorophyll were increased. However, the yield of tea leaves was not increased above $100kg\;10a^{-1}$ and the increased level of nitrogen fertilizer did not show any different in the content of tannin and vitamin C. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was raised, the content of thiamine and arginine increased, but the content of aspartic acid, serine and glutamic acid decreased. The content of fatty acid was produced $2.850{\sim}3.012mg\;100g^{-1}$ Especially, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid was higher at the level of $80kg\;10a^{-1}$ application than other treatments. As nitrogen was applied at $80kg\;10a^{-1}$, sensory score was 0.2~4.6 point higher than other treatments. Consequently, $80kg\;10a^{-1}$ is considered to be the best level of nitrogen fertilizer both quality and crop yield.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the effects of drying methods on the quality and physiological activities of blueberry. Blueberries(Vaccinium ashei) were dried by hot-air ($60^{\circ}C$), cyclic low pressure ($50^{\circ}C$), and freeze drying methods. They contained high properties of carbohydrates(68.48~80.00%), crude protein(1.63~5.41%), crude fat(0.58~1.25%), and ash(0.71~1.11%) regardless of the drying methods. There were no differences in pH according to the drying methods. Browning index increased as the drying temperature increased. The L, a values of the freeze-dried sample were higher than those of the other dried samples, whereas the b value of the cyclic low pressure dried sample was higher than that of the other samples. The free sugar contents of the hot-air sample were higher than those of the other samples. Vitamin C content of the freeze dried sample was higher than that of either the hot-air or cyclic low pressure dried sample. The contents of total polyphenols and anthocyanins were higher in the freeze dried sample. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of freeze drying sample was higher than that of either the hot-air or cyclic low pressure dried sample. The result indicated that there were no differences in product quality depending on the freeze-drying and cyclic low pressure drying methods.