• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to 1) identify the current management status of the Visiting Health Care Services (VHCS) and 2) to analyze the workload of the staff in the VHCS located in the Public Health Centers (PHCs) in the urban and rural areas. Method: A descriptive research design and a prospective, time and motion research design were used. A total of 18 PHCs in Gangwon Province participated in this study. A questionnaire and semi-structured observational sheet were utilized. A total of 650 self report records of the work load from the VHCS personnel were collected for a 10 day period at each of the 18 PHCs. A descriptive analysis was then done. Results: The major results were as follows. 1) The VHCS staff (nurses and nurse aids) was being assigned additional work such as maternal health care, chronic disease care, mental health care and health promotion on top of their VHCS duties. 2) The average number of home visits per client during the past year was 5.8. More specifically, the clients in the severe dependent group received an average of 27.1 visits, those clients in the moderate dependent group received 14.0 visits those clients in the slightly dependent group received 5.0 visits and those clients in the self-care group received 1.6 visits. 3) The time required for the work duties of the VHCS staff totaled 488 minutes per day. The percentage of time for home visits was only 17.4%, and this didn't include travel time. Conclusion: The main problems of VHCS were identified as a lack of personnel and a lack of time for the home visits. Strategies that are directed at the construction of a better infrastructure for VHCS are needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between health behavior and public health center utilization among lower income families who earned half of the average Korean family income. The cross-sectional descriptive survey research we conducted was a nationwide randomization sampling among lower income families. The data was collected from July 12 to August 7. 1999 and the total sample was 5.819 household members 1,735 households). There were, three major findings according to these studies. 1. In health behaviors, 26.5% of respondents had a health examination. Among them, 41.5% were in a poor condition of health. In health promotion behaviors, only 37.3% of respondents were doing activities for health maintenance or promotion. 2. In the results of the public health center utilization for the past year. 57.4% of respondents visited one or more times. In addition, 46.2% of respondents wanted to use a visiting nursing service. 3. In the results of multiple logistic regression, we found that less education, larger family size, and medicaid affects more utilization of public health center. In addition, older age, living without a spouse, less education, larger family size, lower family income. and public health center usage affects requests for the visiting nurse service.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2015

Purpose: This study developed a short-term education program aiming to strengthen global health capacity in nursing students, and examined the effects of the program. Methods: The subjects of this study were 83 students recruited from 29 nursing colleges. Domestic workshops and overseas training in the Philippines were offered. For data collection and analysis, the triangulation method was adopted. Results: Students' critical thinking disposition and global leadership capacity were significantly increased. Thematic content analysis derived fifteen themes: expansion of global health, understanding of cultural diversity, vision of being a global leader, cultivation of communication skills, open mind toward people with different culture, pride and vocation, understanding of nursing in foreign countries, understanding of visiting nurse service, sustainability, understanding of local needs and environments, and education methods with an emphasis on participants, broader view and thinking of the world, reflection on the characteristics of a nurse, development through cooperation, and development through programs. Conclusion: The global health capacity building program improved nursing students' view of global health and nursing care. It is needed to develop continuously diverse global health capacity-building programs for nursing students.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends, using the keyword home health care, in articles published in the Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing over the past 10 years. Methods: An analysis was conducted of 50 home health care-based studies chosen from among the 206 studies published in the Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing from 2010 to 2019. The analysis focused on research methodology and keyword. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the frequency distribution of research methods and keywords. Results: Study participation was mainly focused on nurses (52.0%). Most of the studies used quantitative methods (96.0%), and 43 studies (86.0%) used self-report structured questionnaires. The most commonly used data analyses methods were descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation, and regression. Major keywords were home health nursing, elderly care facility, visiting nurse, home care service, home healthcare nurse, home care agencies, long-term care, and home care. Conclusion: The results of this study identified current trends and interests in the Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing. This study suggests that future studies include a variety of research methods and maintain appropriate standards of research ethics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify workload measurement indicators for school nurses in order to provide high-quality health care and deploy school nurses effectively. Methods: A second Delphi survey was conducted on 21 experts with more than 5 years of school nurses experience. To develop indicators related to the workload of school nurses, the importance and measurability of a total of 21 workload indicators were investigated, including school nurses characteristics, school characteristics, health needs of students, and socioeconomic determinants. Results: As a result of the Delphi survey, it was found that 6 indicators were suitable in terms of importance and 8 indicators in terms of measurability. The important indicators the panel agreed on include the size of the city where the school is located, the total number of students, the number of classes, the percentage of students with chronic illness, the percentage of students visiting the health office per day, and the percentage of wound care in the health office per day. Conclusion: The percentage of students with chronic illness and the percentage of wound care per day need to be reflected in school nurse workload indicators and follow-up studies are required to shed more light on the socioeconomic determinants of schools.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.5
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• pp.84-99
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to identify the actual educational contents of management for head nurse and to propose the educational subjects according to identity the needs of head, charge, and staff nurses. The subjects were investigated the actual Management Development Programs and educational needs of head nurses and prospective nurse manager(charge nurse, staff nurse with a lot of clinical experiences) in general hospitals. The tools were composed of two questionnaires: One was developed from the literature review for making items to measure actual situation. The other was revised Katz's model for measurement of educational needs. The first respondents of actual situation were 27 general hospitals with over 400 beds in Seoul and the second respondents were 89 head nurses, 67 charge nurses and 136 nurses at 3 hospitals by convenient sampling out of 27 general hospitals. Data were collected by telephone interview, mail questionnaire and visiting from 7th of October through 30th of November in 1997. In data analysis, general characteristics of the respondents and actual status of Management Development Programs were analyzed by frequency and percentage. Educational needs according to general characteristics were analyzed by ANOVA The results were as follows: 1. Actual situation of Management Development Program 1) Seven hospitals(26%) had Management Development Program for prospective managers and 14 hospitals (52%) for head nurses. 2) Education Department existed in 14 hospitals (52%). 3) One hospital(4%) had top level managers took part in the Management Development. 4) Two hospitals selected head nurse, who had finished courses of Management Development. Eight hospitals(30%) assessed educational needs. The assessment tools consisted of making a question via questionnaire(75%), determining at department meeting(12%) and interview(13%). 5) Educational programs had 3 types: 10 lecture type, 7 discussion type and 4 role play type programs. 6) One hospital evaluated the change of learner's attitude. 7) Four hospitals scored educational point, but that was measured only by attending. 8) Actual Management Development Programs were as follows. parenthesis indicates the number of hospitals. (1) Management Development Programs for Prospective manager. Role perception of Middle level Manager (1) . Role reconstruction of Nurse Manager (1). Workshop for Charge Nurse (1). Nursing Delivery System and Nursing Process (1). Communication (1). Motivation (1) (2) Management Development Programs for Head nurse.. Head nurse's Role (5). Administrative Work (7). Service Education (4). Prevention and Countermeasure of Nursing Incidence (3). Appraisal (3) 2. The results of needs on Management Development subject 1) The educational needs of all respondents on 3 skill domains showed positive agreement to strongly positive agreement. 2) High priority(more than 4.5) items were 12 of 24 Human skill items(50%), 1 of 6 Technical skill items(16%), and 2 of 13 Conceptual skill items (15%). 3) Out of high priority items, 8 items were instituted. 4) All respondents showed high needs on 3 skill domains regardless of 3 positions (head nurse, charge nurse, and nurse). Educational needs of Human skill domain, according to position were 108. S, 108.7, 106.8 (mean score = 72) , needs of Technical skill domain were 26.5, 26.6, 26.I(mean score=18), and needs of Conceptual skill domains were 56.9,56.7, 55.1(mean score=39). 5) Needs of 3 skill domains according to clinical career showed significant difference. Out of respondents, nurses with career of over 16years showed lowest degree of needs in Human skill domains(F=4.47, P=.004) and Conceptual skill domain(F=2.93, P=.034). 6) Educational needs according to educational background were not significant difference. But out of respondents, nurses educated at 3-year junior college relatively showed lowest needs in all of the 3 skill domains. With the above-mentioned findings, further study is necessary for generalization of this study at hospitals with different bed size and location. Also it is needed to study about management skill of nurse and charge nurse, and effective educational method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.225-239
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• 2000

This study is a research of conceptual development to find the factors of presence. The concept and the definition of presence received from literary review. On the basis of these findings, we formulate the contents of presence through structured interview guide composed of open-ended questionnaire which included the frequency, attitude, and posture. We selected 104 samples who are the patients, doctors, nurses, and other health providers. And then the contents of presence were established after integrating the formulated contents and putting them in order. The categorizing of the presence was made after discussing with specialist in this field. By using the selected contents, we made 25 statements of presence which were categorized into three factors. The results were as follows: 1. The definition of presence is being with at the same time and space, making attention with openness, and the therapeutic interaction with empathy. 2. The contents of presence through personal interviews are The time required is 5 minutes(46.15%), 2-3 minutes(34.61%), and 10 minutes (15.38%) respectively. The frequency of visiting is 3 times(39.20%), every time(23.07%), and more than 5 times(20.19%) respectively. \circled2 In case of being with nurse is having pain(39.42%), suffering trouble or severe fear(9.61%), feeling discomfort(8.65%), taking care of wound(7.69%), and other unfavorable symptoms(6.73%) respectively. \circled3 The posture being with nurse is depends on the situations(63.46%), sitting(26.92%), and standing(9.61%) respectively. Eye contact with nurse is face to face(78.84%), depends on the situations(20.19%), and not face to face(0.96%) respectively. \circled4 The attitudes of comfort are explaining about disease(23.07%), holding on hands (14.42%), touching on the suffering parts (11.53%), and unconditionally being with(7.69%) respectively. \circled5 Nurses' caring actions are kindness (27.88%), replying to the question (12.50%), smiling(10.57%), bright appearances (8.65%), and right and quick treatment(8.65%) respectively. \circled6 The effects of being with are peaceful mind(58.65%), quick recovery(13.46%), and decrease in fear(12.50%) respectively. \circled7 The attitudes of being with are listening (11.53%), recognition(8.65%), talking about discomfort(8.65%), and answering kindly (7.69%) respectively. 3. From the analysis of presence factors, 25 statements and 3 categorized factors are presented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.836-847
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between utilization of home care services under the national long-term care insurance system and family caregiver distress. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted in this study using data collected in 2011 and 2012 from the Korean version of International Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) Home Care assessment system. The study sample included 228 clients receiving community based home care and their family caregivers in Korea. Descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, and Heckman selection model analysis were conducted using SAS 9.3. Results: Presence of family caregiver distress was significantly associated with days of nurse visits (${\beta}$=-.89, p=<.001) and home helper visits (${\beta}$=-.53, p=.014). Level of caregiver distress was also significantly associated with days of nurse visits (${\beta}$=-.66, p=.028). Other factors which were significantly associated with caregiver distress were depression, cognitive function, inadequate pain control, social support for older adult, and caregiver relationship to the older adult. Conclusion: The results of this study show that visiting nurse service and appropriate support programs for Older Adults and family caregivers experiencing caregiver distress should be developed and provided to families based on the health care needs of older adults and their family caregivers for effective and sustainable home care.

• 한국호스피스완화의료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.19-21
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• 2008

Hospice movement in Taiwan emerged early in 1983. There was a nurse visiting terminal cancer patients by herself in Taipei city. It was ceased after one year. This stage of hospice movement might be called as "compassionate era". In early 1990, the first in-patient hospice ward was set up in north Taiwan. She demonstrated high touch in the high technology medical atmosphere. There was a great echo in Taiwan society to this action. In the following years, quite a few new hospice settings were founded. Medical professionals were aroused again to talk and think about life and death, dignity of dying and holistic care. This stage of hospice movement might be called as "ethical stage". Around 2000, obstructions were discovered in our development. We do need system and rules. Standard of setting and care, Curriculum of education and training, Accreditation system and specialist system and Nature Death Act are some of the systems we approached. This stage of hospice movement might be called as "Act stage". Among the "Act stage", the Nature Death Act is actually the mile stone in our history. What listed below are the translated one for the reference:

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the provided home health care services and to evaluate the patient's satisfaction level of received home health care services. Well trained two home health care nurses interviewed with 138 respondents who received home health care by Keimyung University Hospital from January 1st to August 31st 1999. The results were summarized as follows : 1) Among 138 respondents, $55.8\%$ were mail and $44.2\%$ were female and $70.3\%$ of them were over sixty years old. Respondents main family care givers were spouse$(53.6\%)$, daughters and sons$(36.2\%)$ and parents$(7.2\%)$. 2) $60.2\%$ of cancer patients received home health care services, $23.3\%$ of cerebral­cardiovascular patients, $7.5\%$ of endocrine disorder patients, $2.3\%$ of those who have indwelling foley catheter patients, $1.5\%$ of those who have respiratory problems and others$(5.2\%)$. 3) $88.1\%$ of respondents were satisfied with the number of home visits they received. $50.5\%$ of respondents' were received 1 to 3 times of home visits by home health care nurse per month. $48.6\%$ of respondents answered they were introduced by attending doctors or nurses to home health care services. $55.8\%$ of respondents answered registration to home health care services was simple and easy. $97.4\%$ of respondents answered home health care payment system was adequate. $64.9\%$ of respondents answered the cost of home health care per visit was adequate and comfortable. 4) Health education, counselling, physical assessment was provided to most of the patients. Those who suffered with cerebral-cardiovascular disease was needed hands on direct care most of all. The least home health care service provided was medication. 5) The satisfaction measurement tool was composed with 13 items and 3 score scale. The mean score of satisfaction on provided home health care services was 2.67 out of 3. Among 13 items. 'home health care service was kind enough' was highest(2.84). 'nurse use precise word to understand and communicate'. 'nurse gave home visiting notice ahead of time and kept the home visiting promise on time' was 2.83. 'whenever I need home health care nurse I can give a call and meet the nurse' was lowest 2.41. Special Home Health care programs such as comprehensive hospice care programs for elders over sixty years old should be organized. Adequate and standardized home health care payment system should be developed as soon as possible. In korean family situation. when family members are getting sick and stay at home. family members were taking care of the patients. special program such as counselling family members are needed.