• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of yeast products on growth performance, visceral organ weights, endogenous enzyme activities, ileal nutrient digestibility and meat yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing autolyzed whole yeast (WY) and yeast cell walls (YCW) at varying levels of inclusion. Methods: Nine dietary treatments consisting of WY or YCW included at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg diet and a control diet without yeast supplementation was used in the experiment. Each of the nine treatments was replicated six times with nine birds per replicate. Birds were housed in cages, in climate-controlled rooms and fed starter, grower and finisher diets. Results: There was an improvement (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio on d 10, 24, and 35 for birds fed 1.0 to 2.0 g/kg WY or YCW diet. Small intestine weight was heavier on d 10 and 24 for birds on higher levels of WY and YCW compared to the control group. On d 10 and 24, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in tissue protein content and pancreatic enzyme activities (trypsin and chymotrypsin) of birds on 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg WY and YCW diets compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, birds on WY (2.0 g/kg diet) and YCW (at 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg diet) had better (p<0.05) protein digestibility on d 24. On d 35, there was significant improvement (p<0.05) in percentage of carcass, absolute and relative breast weight for broiler chickens fed WY and YCW mostly at 2 g/kg diet compared to birds on the control diet. Conclusion: Supplementation of diets with autolyzed WY and YCW products especially at 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg diet improved broiler chicken performance and meat yield through their positive effects on ileal protein digestibility and pancreatic enzyme activities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2020

A 4×2 factorial feeding trial was designed to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) in wheat/sorghum/SBM-based diets fed with or without microbial enzymes in diets on the performance, visceral organ development and digestibility of nutrients of broiler chickens. Four graded levels of CSM - none (0%), low (4%, 8%, and 12%), medium (5%, 10%, and 15%), and high (6%, 12%, and 18%) of complete diets in starter, grower and finisher, respectively were fed with or without 100 mg/kg of xylanase and β-glucanase blend. Eight isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated using least-cost method to meet the nutrient specifications of Ross 308 male broilers. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 6 replicates (10 birds per replicate). There were CSM-enzyme interactions (p < 0.05) on feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) in the starter phase. Enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the grower and finisher phases, and increased WG in growing and finishing birds. CSM inclusion reduced (p < 0.05) the weight of gizzard and proventriculus in starter chicks, while these organs were bigger (p < 0.05) in the grower phase. The test ingredient decreased (p < 0.05) small intestinal weight in starter and grower birds. The CSM increased the absolute weight of thighs (p < 0.05) while breast meat was increased (p < 0.01) by enzyme addition. Starch digestibility was improved (p < 0.01) by enzyme inclusion and decreased (p < 0.01) by CSM. Enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of gross energy and protein. The results demonstrate that CSM can substitute up to 90% SBM in broiler chicken diets without compromising performance, and the nutritive value of CSM-containing diets can effectively be improved by enzyme supplementation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 ${\beta}$-carotene 강화쌀의 생체이용율과 영양기능성을 모종쌀과 비교하였다. 실험동물은 수컷 Wistar 흰쥐를 사용하였고, Harlan 2018S-diet를 기본 식이로 하였다. 실험 식이는 낙동쌀(모종쌀), ${\beta}$-carotene 강화쌀(GM쌀) 및 Harlan 2018S-diet(대조군)으로 하였고, 실험군당 11마리씩 배정하였다. 실험식이에 함유된 전분 함량은 모종쌀과 GM쌀로 각각 30% 대체하였고, 펠렛 식이로 재성형하여 4주 동안 급여하였다. 실험기간동안 GM쌀의 급여는 모종쌀과 비교시 흰쥐에게 식이섭취량이나 체중 증가와 같은 일반적인 성장에 부정적인 영향을 주지 않았다. 간, 신장, 비장, 체지방 등의 6개 장기의 무게를 측정한 결과 GM쌀은 모종쌀 식이 섭취군과 비교시 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간지질중 총콜레스테롤(TC) 함량은 GM쌀 식이군이 모종쌀 식이군 보다 유의하게 낮았고, 분변지질(TC, TG) 농도 역시 GM쌀 식이군이 모종쌀 식이군에 비해 낮았다. 혈청생화학치와 혈구세포의 변화를 살펴보면 전반적으로 두 실험군(모종쌀, GM쌀) 간의 차이가 없었으나, 혈청지질 농도는 GM쌀 식이군이 모종쌀 식이군 보다 낮았고, 공복혈당은 GM쌀 식이군이 모종쌀 식이군 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 위의 결과들을 종합하면 GM쌀은 모종쌀에 비해 생체이용 측면에서 성장률과 장기무게 및 체지방 등에서 차이가 없었고, 영양기능 측면에서는 배변량을 증가시키고, 간과 분변 및 혈중 지질농도를 낮추며, 공복혈당치를 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of the viscera from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the possible utilization of the liver, reproductive organs, and gills. In male and female squid, the viscera comprise 21% and 27% of the body weight, respectively. The protein content of the viscera was slightly higher in females (17.7-19.5%) than in males (15.6-17.2%). This was especially marked in the female reproductive organs, while there was little difference in the gill. The liver contained the largest amounts of lipids (17.2-18.6%) and the levels were higher in males than in females (P<0.01). By contrast, the reproductive organs of females contained more lipids than did those of males (4.68% vs. 1.65%, p<0.01). The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) classes were triacylglycerol (51.9-55.4% of the NL content) and sterol ester (16.3-21.8%) in the liver, and free sterol (47.0-68.5%) and free fatty acids (31.5-41.2%) in the reproductive organs. However, there were no significant differences in the NL classes between sexes. The percentage of the most prominent phospholipid (PL) class, phosphatidylcholine (PC), was highest in the liver (78.1-79.6% of the PL content), and there was no significant difference between the sexes. By contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was highest in the reproductive organs (33.4%), and was higher in males than in females (P<0.05). All the visceral organs contained 36.4-48.5% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The DHA level was highest in female reproductive organs (32.3%), while EPA was high in male reproductive organs. These results demonstrate that the viscera of male and female common squid are a good source of DHA and EPA.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1328-1343
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• 2021

The effect of Multi-Carbohydrase (MC) supplementation on growth performance, visceral organ weights, blood metabolites, jejunum morphology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed nutrient-deficient corn soybean-meal based diets containing high levels of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat and wheat by-products was investigated. A total of 378 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments to give six replicates per treatment (nine birds per pen). Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) positive control (PC; commercial standard diet); (2) negative control 1 (NC-1; PC-120 kcal/kg metabolizable energy); (3) NC-2 (PC-3% standardized ileal digestibility [SID] amino acids). The remaining four dietary treatments were formulated with the addition of MC (MC; Superzyme-CS^TM) into two negative controls along with two supplementation levels of MC (i.e., 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively). Improved body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) were observed in broiler chickens fed a reduced energy diet supplemented with MC compared to birds fed NC-1 diet from days 1-35. Additionally, birds fed a reduced energy diet with 0.05% MC showed comparable (p > 0.05) growth performance with birds fed PC for 35-day post-hatch. Furthermore, the addition of MC into reduced amino acid diets improved (p < 0.05) growth performance. Broiler chickens fed MC supplemented nutrient-deficient diets showed a greater (p < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than birds fed diets without MC on days 21 and 35. Similarly, improved (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility was observed in birds fed reduced energy diets supplemented with MC compared to birds fed NC-1 on days 21 and 35. Our results suggest that MC supplementation into reduced energy or reduced amino acid diets containing wheat and wheat by-products has the potential to improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility while maintaining healthier gut morphology in broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2019

Background Incisional hernia is a common complication following visceral organ transplantation. Transplant patients are at increased risk of primary and recurrent hernias due to chronic immune suppression and large incisions. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with a history of liver or kidney transplantation who underwent hernia repair to analyze outcomes and hernia recurrence. Methods This is a single center, retrospective review of 19 patients who received kidney and/or liver transplantation prior to presenting with an incisional hernia from 2011 to 2017. All hernias were repaired with open component separation technique (CST) with biologic mesh underlay. Results The mean age of patients was $61.0{\pm}8.3years\;old$, with a mean body mass index of $28.4{\pm}4.8kg/m^2$, 15 males (78.9%), and four females (21.1%). There were seven kidney, 11 liver, and one combined liver and kidney transplant patients. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (16 patients, 84.2%), diabetes (9 patients, 47.4%), and tobacco use (8 patients, 42.1%). Complications occurred in six patients (31.6%) including hematoma (1/19), abscess (1/19), seroma (2/19), and hernia recurrence (3/19) at mean follow-up of $28.7{\pm}22.8months$. With the exception of two patients with incomplete follow-up, all patients healed at a median time of 27 days. Conclusions This small, retrospective series of complex open CST in transplant patients shows acceptable rates of long-term hernia recurrence and healing. By using a multidisciplinary approach for abdominal wall reconstruction, we believe that modified open CST with biologic mesh is a safe and effective technique in the transplant population with complex abdominal hernias.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1983

본 시험에 공시된 오골계 50수는 본 대학교 가금학교실에서 부화한 것이고. 메추리 50수는 경남금해에서 부화한 것이었다. 본 시험은 부화후 24시간경에 실시하였으며, 조사항목은 12개로서 생체중, 두, 안구, 뇌, 심장, 간장, 신장, 위, 소장, 대장 및 란황낭의 중량을 측정한 종과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 메추리의 조사항목중, 생체중량은 6.54$\pm$0.082g, 두의 중량은 1.38$\pm$0.013g, 안구의 중량은 0.29$\pm$0.004g, 뇌의 중량은 0.24$\pm$0.006g, 심장의 중량은 0.08$\pm$0.002g, 간장의 중량은 0.21$\pm$0.005g, 폐의 중량은 0.06$\pm$0.002g, 신장의 중량은 0.05$\pm$0.002g, 위의 중량은 0.46$\pm$0.010g, 소장의 중량은 0.24$\pm$0.008g, 대장의 중량은 0.10$\pm$0.004g 그리고 란황낭의 중량은 0.28$\pm$0.016이었다. 2. 오골계의 조사항목중, 생체중량은 26.60$\pm$0.491g, 두의 중량은 4.28$\pm$0.071g, 안구의 중량은 0.64$\pm$0.039g, 뇌의 중량은 0.55$\pm$0.025g, 심장의 중량은 0.21$\pm$0.012g, 간장의 중량은 0.77$\pm$0.030g, 폐의 중량은 0.31$\pm$0.006g, 신장의 중량은 0.08$\pm$0.006g, 위의 중량은 1.53$\pm$0.076g, 소장의 중량은 0.73$\pm$0.036g, 대장의 중량은 0.42$\pm$0.031g 그리고 란황낭의 중량은 2.65$\pm$0.297g 이었다. 3. 메추리와 오골계의 중란중량에 대한 생체중량 및 각 장기중량의 비율을 타 실용계와 비교한 결과, 메추리의 안구중량과 뇌중량은 타 실용계와 오골계에 비하여 월등히 큰 것이었고, 오골계의 뇌의 중량, 심장의 중량, 간장의 중량, 폐장의 중량, 신장의 중량, 위의 중량 및 소장의 중량은, 타 실용계와 메추리에 비하여 적은 경향이었다는 것이 특이하였으며, 그 외의 항목간에는 대동소이하였다.