• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2021

The flood prevention capacity of drainage facilities in urban areas has weakened because of the increase in impervious surface areas downtown owing to rapid urbanization as well as localized heavy rains caused by climate change. Detention can be installed in trunk sewers and linked to existing drainage facilities for the efficient drainage of runoff in various urban areas with increasing stormwater discharge and changing runoff patterns. In this study, the concept of detention in trunk sewers, which are storage facilities linked to existing sewer pipes, was applied. By selecting a virtual watershed with a different watershed shape, the relationship between the characteristic factors of detention in the trunk sewer and the design parameters was analyzed. The effect of reducing stormwater runoff according to the installation location and capacity of the reservoir was examined. The relationship between the installation location and the capacity of the detention trunk sewer in the Dowon district of the city of Yeosu, South Korea was verified. The effects of the existing water runoff reduction facility and the detention trunk sewer were also compared and analyzed. As a result of analyzing the effects of reducing internal inundation, it was found that the inundation area decreased by approximately 66.5% depending on the installation location of the detention trunk sewer. The detention trunk sewer proposed in this paper could effectively reduce internal inundation in urban areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2022

Public consent is essential to proceed with large-scale projects such as dam and hydroelectric power plant in the Carbon Neutral Era. In general, when designing facilities such as dams and river facilities, the impact due to constructing them is analyzed through numerical simulation in advance. Those facilities are built to cope with floods and usually HEC-RAS is used for numerical simulation in this process. The numerical simulation provides accurate data, but it is very difficult to persuade the public only with the data. Therefore, this study intends to consider the utilization of metaverse in the field of urban flooding and flood response. The applicability of metaverse was confirmed by emphasizing visual effects and providing easy-to-see data, using a kind of metaverse platform called Cities: Skylines. The functions and limitations of this platform were reviewed. A virtual flood scenario was applied after implementing real cities on a metaverse. The hazard map established in Korea and the results of applying the scenario of metaverse platform were compared. On the metaverse, not only the disaster situation caused by realizing the city and society as it is, but also the spread of social disasters after the disaster can be confirmed. Through this, countermeasures can be virtually implemented. If these social and humanistic data are also verified in the future, it is expected that the overall process for responding to urban flooding can be modeled.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2024

The recent advancements in Smart City and Digital Twin technologies have highlighted the critical role of integrating GIS and BIM in urban planning and construction projects. This integration ensures the consistency and accuracy of information, facilitating smooth information exchange. However, achieving interoperability requires standardization and effective project integration management strategies. This study proposes interoperability solutions for the integration of GIS and BIM for managing various projects. The research involves an in-depth analysis of the IFC schema and data structures based on the latest IFC4 version and proposes methods to ensure the consistency of reference point coordinates and coordinate systems. The study was conducted by setting the EPSG:5186 coordinate system, used by the National Geographic Information Institute's digital topographic map, and applying virtual shift origin coordinates. Through BIMvision, the results of the shape and error check coordinates' movement in the BIM model were reviewed, confirming that the error check coordinates moved consistently with the reference point coordinates. Additionally, it was verified that even when the coordinate system was changed to EPSG:5179 used by Naver Map and road name addresses, or EPSG:5181 used by Kakao Map, the BIM model's shape and coordinates remained consistently unchanged. Notably, by inputting the EPSG code information into the IFC file, the potential for coordinate system interoperability between projects was confirmed. Therefore, this study presents an integrated and systematic management approach for information sharing, automation processes, enhanced collaboration, and sustainable development of GIS and BIM. This is expected to improve compatibility across various software platforms, enhancing information consistency and efficiency across multiple projects.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of increasing instream flow at Gapcheon stream of Daejeon city by considering two virtual reservoirs upstream, respectively; Geum-gok reservoir and Koe-gok reservoir upstream, respectively. The paralleled and cascaded reservoir operations were performed including the existing Jang-an and Bang-dong reservoirs. The results are summarized as follows. Firstly, from the Bang-dong and Geum-gok cascaded reservoir's water balance analysis, instream flow of $6.83Mm^3$ was able to be supplied to downstream, and water supply indexes of Geum-gok reservoir were analyzed to have the rate of water supply divided by watershed area of 403.4 mm, the rate of water supply divided by rainfall of 33.0 %, the rate of water supply divided by inflow of 96.4 %, the rate of water supply divided by storage capacity of 81.9 %, and the rate of inflow divided by storage capacity of 112.3 %. Secondly, from the Jang-an and Geum-gok paralleled reservoir's water balance analysis, flow durations at Gapcheon station were analyzed to have Q95 (the 95th high flow) of $4.806m^3/s$, Q185 (the 185th high flow) of $2.217m^3/s$, Q275 (the 275th high flow) of $1.140m^3/s$, and Q355 (the 355th high flow) of $0.887m^3/s$. Thirdly, inflow to Koe-gok reservoir was simulated including the Jang-an and Bang-dong paralleled reservoir's water balance analysis, instream flow of $49.60Mm^3$ was able to be supplied from Koe-gok reservoir to downstream, and water supply indexes of Koe-gok reservoir were analyzed to have the rate of water supply divided by watershed area of 246.5 mm, the rate of water supply divided by rainfall of 19.4 %, the rate of water supply divided by inflow of 40.8 %, the rate of water supply divided by storage capacity of 412.1 %, and the rate of inflow divided by storage capacity of 1,189.8 %. Fourthly, daily streamflows at Gapcheon stream were simulated including outflows from Koe-gok reservoir, flow durations at Gapcheon station were analyzed to have Q95 (the 95th high flow) of $4.501m^3/s$, Q185 (the 185th high flow) of $2.277m^3/s$, Q275 (the 275th high flow) of $1.743m^3/s$, and Q355 (the 355th high flow) of $1.564m^3/s$. The conclusion appeared that the effect of increasing instream flow at Gapcheon stream from Koe-gok reservoir was more higher than that from Geum-gok reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2019

This study was carried out to explore the 4th Industrial Revolution technology from the perspective of the landscape industry to provide the basic data necessary to increase the virtuous circle value. The 4th Industrial Revolution, the characteristics of the landscape industry and urban regeneration were considered and the methodology was established and studied including the technical classification system suitable for systematic research, which was selected as a framework. First, the 4th Industrial Revolution technology based on digital data was selected, which could be utilized to increase the value of the virtuous circle for the landscape industry. From 'Element Technology Level', and 'Core Technology' such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Robot, 'Peripheral Technology', Virtual or Augmented Reality, Drones, 3D 4D Printing, and 3D Scanning were highlighted as the 4th Industrial Revolution technology. It has been shown that it is possible to increase the value of the virtuous circle when applied at the 'Trend Level', in particular to the landscape industry. The 'System Level' was analyzed as a general-purpose technology, and based on the platform, the level of element technology(computers, and smart devices) was systematically interconnected, and illuminated with the 4th Industrial Revolution technology based on digital data. The application of the 'Trend Level' specific to the landscape industry has been shown to be an effective technology for increasing the virtuous circle values. It is possible to realize all synergistic effects and implementation of the proposed method at the trend level applying the element technology level. Smart gardens, smart parks, etc. have been analyzed to the level they should pursue. It was judged that Smart City, Smart Home, Smart Farm, and Precision Agriculture, Smart Tourism, and Smart Health Care could be highly linked through the collaboration among technologies in adjacent areas at the Trend Level. Additionally, various utilization measures of related technology applied at the Trend Level were highlighted in the process of urban regeneration, public service space creation, maintenance, and public service. In other words, with the realization of ubiquitous computing, Hyper-Connectivity, Hyper-Reality, Hyper-Intelligence, and Hyper-Convergence were proposed, reflecting the basic characteristics of digital technology in the landscape industry can be achieved. It was analyzed that the landscaping industry was effectively accommodating and coordinating with the needs of new characters, education and consulting, as well as existing tasks, even when participating in urban regeneration projects. In particular, it has been shown that the overall landscapig area is effective in increasing the virtuous circle value when it systems the related technology at the trend level by linking maintenance with strategic bridgehead. This is because the industrial structure is effective in distributing data and information produced from various channels. Subsequent research, such as demonstrating the fusion of the 4th Industrial Revolution technology based on the use of digital data in creation, maintenance, and service of actual landscape space is necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

In this study, we performed a Random Walker analysis to predict the Major Movement Paths of otters. The scope of the research was a simulation analysis with a radius of 7.5 km set as the final range centered on the Ansim-wetland in Daegu City, and a field survey was used to verify the model. The number of virtual otters was set to 1,000, the number of moving steps was set to 1,000 steps per grid, and simulations were performed on a total of 841 grids. As a result of the analysis, an average of 147.6 objects arrived at the boundary point under the condition of an interval of 50 m. As a result of the simulation verification, 8 points (13.1%) were found in the area where the movement probability was very high, and 9 points (14.8%) were found in the area where the movement probability was high. On the other hand, in areas with low movement paths probabilities, there were 8 points (13.1%) in low areas and 4 points (6.6%) in very low areas. Simulation verification results In areas with high otter values, the actual otter format probability was particularly high. In addition, as a result of investigating the correlation with the otter appearance point according to the unit area of the evaluation star of the movement probability, it seems that 6.8 traces were found per unit area in the area where the movement probability is the highest. In areas where the probability of movement is low, analysis was performed at 0.1 points. On the side where otters use the major movement paths of the river area, the normal level was exceeded, and as a result, in the area, 23 (63.9%), many form traces were found, along the major movement paths of the simulation. It turned out that the actual otter inhabits. The EN-Simulator analysis can predict how spatial properties affect the likelihood of major movement paths selection, and the analytical values are used to utilize additional habitats within the major movement paths. It is judged that it can be used as basic data such as to grasp the danger area of road kill in advance and prevent it.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

With the cultural background of whiteness I did examine the universal meaning of absolute good, the special of psychosis, and the fantastic of femininity and memory/record. As an example I analyzed the symbolic meaning of white used in Korean films. Unconditional goodness, white as a generality: White color in all the films of good-evil confrontation falls into this category. The most obvious and the simplest configuration are the black-white dichotomy. In Nameless Gangster: Rules of Time(2011), The Merciless(2016), Asura: The City of Madness(2016) and The Bad Guys: Reign of Chaos(2019), white is the absolute good but it is not limited to a fair key figure. Paradoxically, black is not given only to the side of absolute evil. White is used to be a flexible visual device that reflects the socio-political situation without changing the meaning of the general good. Psychosis and pills, white as a peculiarity: The visual function that emphasizes sado-masochism in the absolute good and the universal symbol of white extends to psychotic specificities such as hysteria. In all the films creating horror, white symbolizes the mentally disabled and the pill for healing. Femininity and haunted white: White of absolute good is expressed by the socio-cultural tendency of femininity and the black-white contrast of vision is applied to the gender difference. In general the women's sexuality is emphasized in color red, but white is arranged in the background. In TaeGukGi: Brotherhood Of War(2004), 71: Into The Fire(2010), My Way(2011), The Front Line(2011), Roaring Currents(2014), Northern Limit Line(2015), The Battle: Roar to Victory(2019) and Battle of Jangsari(2019), white given to female figures sticks to the traditional femininity such as motherhood, sacrifice and weakness. The concept of specters is applied to desires, memories/records, history, fantasy, virtual/reality and social media images. The film history capturing to list memories and moments brings up the specters of socio-political genealogy. Most of films aiming for socio-political change are its examples and white constituting Mise-en-scene records to remember a historical event in Peppermint Candy(2000), The Attorney(2013) and A Taxi Driver(2017).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2022

The 3D spatial model is an analysis framework for solving urban problems and is used in various fields such as urban planning, environment, land and housing management, and disaster simulation. The utilization of drones that can capture 3D images in a short time at a low cost is increasing for the construction of 3D spatial model. In terms of building a virtual city and utilizing simulation modules, high location accuracy of aerial survey and precision of 3D spatial model function as important factors, so a method to increase the accuracy has been proposed. This study analyzed location accuracy of aerial survey and precision of 3D spatial model by each condition of aerial survey for urban areas where buildings are densely located. We selected Daerim 2-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul as a target area and applied shooting angle, shooting altitude, and overlap rate as conditions for the aerial survey. In this study, we calculated the location accuracy of aerial survey by analyzing the difference between an actual survey value of CPs and a predicted value of 3D spatial Model. Also, We calculated the precision of 3D spatial Model by analyzing the difference between the position of Point cloud and the 3D spatial Model (3D Mesh). As a result of this study, the location accuracy tended to be high at a relatively high rate of overlap, but the higher the rate of overlap, the lower the precision of 3D spatial model and the higher the shooting angle, the higher precision. Also, there was no significant relationship with precision. In terms of baseline-height ratio, the precision tended to be improved as the baseline-height ratio increased.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.59-86
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• 2021

The platform concept has been used for business operations in various forms: product platforms, transaction platforms and industry platforms. All these platforms have common characteristics of having 'core' that is reused frequently and 'peripherals' that are less reusable and changed often. Companies use platforms to enable efficient development and creation of product family, transactions and innovation. These platforms provide new opportunities for many small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) by bringing changes to traditional industrial structures focused on the products rather than platforms. The service robotics industry in South Korea is mainly composed of technology-intensive SMEs due to its small market size. Although these SMEs succeed in developing technologies, they have difficulties creating and expanding markets to sell products. Thus, this study addresses the characteristics and problems of the South Korean service robotics industry and analyses how ROBOPRINT, one of the SMEs in the service robotics industry, successfully creates and continuously expands the service robot market by adopting platform concept. The results indicate that ROBOPRINT has been applying two types of platforms: product and transaction platforms. First, ROBOPRINT created art robots that were apartment mural service robots. Rather than selling art robots, the company developed various robots such as painting robots, building exterior wall-cleaning robots by reusing the core technology of the robots. The company also developed various robots according to the buyers request. In addition, the company used the robots to directly provide apartment mural services for customers. This mural service has been extended into various areas, not only in apartments but also in soundproof walls, underground passages, and retaining walls. Besides, ROBOPRINT added new services continuously by developing technologies such as virtual reality. Second, ROBOPRINT mediated mural service buyers and mural designers. This platform reduced buyers' workload, which necessitates requesting mural services to ROBOPRINT and searching for mural designers. For designers, this opened up new opportunities to participate in the mural business. The platform attracted both mural buyers and designers who were scattered before. Finally, ROBOPRINT seeks to expand the platform's scope to outside company. To share internally reused ROBOPRINT's technology with other companies, the company participated in Daegu city's 'New Technology Platform Industry'. Furthermore, ROBOPRINT is trying to share the service platform by leasing robots to other companies. This allows external agents to develop technologies and provide services by reusing resources from ROBOPRINT. This study contributes to existing theories by showing that SMEs continuously create and expand markets by building various platforms. Moreover, it provides useful implications for practitioners by describing the firm's specific platform-building strategy.