• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional characteristics of selected soybeans grown in Korea to isolate concentrated proteins. Examination of the general characteristics revealed that the pH and apparent density of Phaseolus radiatus L. protein and concentrated Vigna angularis protein were significantly higher than those of other concentrated soy proteins. The water absorption capacity was high for concentrated Pisum sativum L. protein, whereas the oil absorption capacity was high for concentrated Glycine max (L.) Merr. protein. The emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability were higher and significantly higher, respectively, for enriched P. radiatus protein. Considering the functional characteristics of concentrated soy protein, its application as a food material in the meat product industry in Korea may be of potential value.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 1998

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.), mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.], cowpea [V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.], adzuki bean [V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], maize [Zea mays L.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sorghum $\times$ sudangrass [So bicolor intraspecific hybrid], and Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Link) W.F. Wight] were grown at two planting dates (18 June and 15 July) at Cheju in 1997 to select the best forage legumes adapted to Cheju Island for grass-legume forage rotation. Averaged across planting dates and cultivars, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yields were 5,646, 1,056, and 3,637 kg/ha for soybean, 4,458, 676, and 2,661 kg/ha for mungbean, 3,289, 553, and 2,055 kg/ha for cowpea, 3,931, 674, and 2,489 kg/ha for adzuki bean, 12,695, 969, and 7,642 kg/ha for maize, 17,071, 1,260, and 8,857 kg/ha for sorghum, 16,355, 1,163, and 8,543 kg/ha for sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid, and 8,288, 929, and 4,091 kg/ha for Japanese millet. Soybean was higher in CP, ether extract (EE), and TON content but was lower in nitrogen free extract content compared with the three other legumes. The legumes had much higher CP (13.7 to 21.9%), EE (2.42 to 6.23%), and TDN (58.7 to 69.9%) content but lower in crude fiber (CF) content (17.3 to 25.3%) than did the grasses tested except maize which had relatively lower CF content but higher TDN content. These results suggest that soybean could be the best forage legume for grass-legume forage rotation in the Cheju region.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

In surveys of weed occurrence undertaken from 2006 to 2007, near to the Daegu experimental fields of the National Institute of Crop Science, plants belonging to 31 families, 74 genera and 96 species were found. For the investigation of the natural or alternative hosts of Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), 495 plant samples belonging to 26 families 84 species were subjected to RT-PCR. SYMMV was detected only from legume plants such as Glycine soja, Vigna angularis var. nipponensis, Trifolium repens, and Lespedeza cuneata. Among legume plants tested, more than a third of G. soja (wild soybean) contained SYMMV, indicating that the wild soybean played an important role as a reservoir of SYMMV. Wild soybeans may be infected with SYMMV as early as mid-July. Considering the results of early infection and the high infection rate of seed and seed transmission of SYMMV in G. soja, wild soybeans may have played an important role in the completion of disease cycle of the virus.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2013

The adzuki pod worm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Matsumura) is an insect pest that attacks the flowers and pods of Vigna angularis. The circadian rhythms of eclosion and mating, and the effects of age and antenna ablation on mating success, were investigated. With a photoperiodic regime of 16:8 (Light:Dark) h, most adult eclosion was observed within 4 h after lights-on. Most adult mating was observed during the scotophase, although some occurred within 2 h after lights-on. However, the adults did not copulate on the day of emergence. The mating rate increased with adult age: being higher in the 4-d-old adult pairs than pairs of lower age. Most of the antennectomized males or females did not copulate with normal individuals of the opposite sex.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.671-678
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• 2016

Fractioning and/or preheating treatment on the rheological properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) gels induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG) has been reported that they may improve the functional properties. However, the optimum condition was varied depending on the experimental factors. This study was to evaluate the effect of red bean protein isolate (RBPI) on the rheological properties of MP gels mediated by MTG as affected by modifications (fractioning: 7S-globulin of RBPI and/or preheat treatment (pre-heating; 95℃/30 min): pre-heating RBPI or pre-heating/7S-globulin). Cooking yields (CY, %) of MP gels was increased with RBPI (p<0.05), while 7S-globulin decreased the effect of RBPI (p<0.05); however, preheating treatments did not affect the CY (p>0.05). Gel strength of MP was decreased when RBPI or 7S-globulin added, while preheat treatments compensated for the negative effects of those in MP. This effect was entirely reversed by MTG treatment. Although the major band of RBPI disappeared, the preheated 7S globulin band was remained. In scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique, the appearance of more cross-linked structures were observed when RBPI was prepared with preheating at 95℃ to improve the protein-protein interaction during gel setting of MP mixtures. Thus, the effects of RBPI and 7S-globulin as a substrate, and water and meat binder for MTG-mediated MP gels were confirmed to improve the rheological properties. However, preheat treatment of RBPI should be optimized.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2016

Maruca vitrata is a main insect pest against crops of Vigna species (V. angularis and V. radiata) and Sesbania sesban in Fabaceae, but the life cycle of the insect is unclear in Korea. In order to know over-wintering possibility, its stage of the insect, over-wintering entry season, and the first adult emergence season of the next year, we investigated over-wintering rates of the insect in outdoor conditions in Suwon ($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$ $126^{\circ}59^{\prime}E$ 35ASL). In all colonies which the rearing for larvae, pupae and eggs started after mid-September, adults did not emerge within the year, and all insects died before next June. In several trials for over-wintering of larvae and pupae in soil, all insects died, too. Larvae stored during specified periods at low temperatures (10 and $13^{\circ}C$) did not emerge. From the results, it was postulated that M. vitrata does not have an adaptability to temperature below zero, and cannot over-winter in Suwon area.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

It is already known that adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) are able to control appetite. Therefore, this study tested the proteins isolated from adzuki beans for their protease resistance and interaction with the intestinal mucosa. The major proteins from adzuki beans were found to be resistant to the digestive enzymes pepsin and pancreatin, and were identified using 2D-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The major adzuki proteins were easily fractionated by treating the soluble protein extract with 10mM $CaCl_2$, and were found to contain lactotransferrin, a homologous protein to the dynein light chain domain, proteinase inhibitor, and proteins with unknown functions. From a tissue binding assay using mouse intestinal tissue sections, the major protein fraction showed weak, yet significant and specific binding to the mucosa layer of the small intestine. Thus, the current results suggest that adzuki proteins are resistant to digestive enzymes, which enables them to survive protease digestion in the intestinal tract, plus they may interact with the intestinal mucosa layer. Therefore, the molecules responsible for controlling appetite in adzuki beans are presumably protease-resistant proteins that interact with the intestinal mucosa or delay digestion in the digestive tract.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.785-795
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• 2022

Traditional germplasms are unsuitable for mechanized production, limiting adzuki bean production. The creation of cultivars that can be harvested by mechanized means is an urgent task for breeders. The bottom pod height (BPH), lodging resistance, and synchronous maturing of adzuki beans are critical factors for the reduction of losses due to mechanized harvesting. In this study, 14 traits of 806 adzuki bean accessions were analyzed. All growth stages and the yield, lodging score, and synchronous maturing correlated negatively with the BPH. These negative correlations reflect the increased difficulty of breeding to simultaneously satisfy the needs for no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, BPHs > 10 cm, and high yield. We screened three germplasms with no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, and BPHs > 10 cm that were used as mechanization-adapted breeding material for crossing with high-yield cultivars. Agronomic trait diversity in adzuki beans was also examined in this study. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted for 806 germplasms resulting in three clusters with the yield and three growth stage traits serving as the main discriminating factors. Cluster 1 included high-yield germplasms with the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod being the major discriminant factors. Cluster 2 included germplasms with long growth periods and large 100-seed weights while cluster 3 contained germplasms with high BPHs. In general, the characteristics that make mechanical harvesting feasible and those assessed in this study could be utilized to choose and enhance adzuki beans production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2013

This study investigated the changes in physicochemical characteristics of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) tea depending on the variety and roasting times, for the development of functional foods. The levels of total polyphenol, flavonoids, and tannin contents were 12.72 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 3.01 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, and 3.56 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g, respectively, for the Jeolgangsung-ipat sample roasted for 16 min. The highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was 7.81 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g in Bulgeun-ipat sample that was roasted for 14 min. The highest total polyphenol content in the hot water-leached liqueur of adzuki bean tea was $26.55{\mu}g$ GAE/100 mL in Yungum-pat that was roasted for 12 min. The total flavonoids and tannin contents of Whin-ipat and Jeolgangsung-ipat roasted for 10 min were $15.10{\mu}g$ CE/100 mL and $14.60{\mu}g$ TAE/100 mL, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities of hot water-leached liqueur of adzuki bean tea were 488.72 and 728.25 mg TE/100 mL, respectively, in Yungumpat roasted that was for 12 min. The results of this study show that roasted adzuki bean tea has notable antioxidant activity and is considered to have significant health benefits.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.693-698
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of adzuki beans were measured to evaluate their functional properties and to compare them to Daepung and Taekwang. Proximate compositions and mineral contents of the various adzuki beans were not significantly different. A high level of dietary fiber (14.81%) was found in Chilbopat. The extraction yields of Daepung and Taekwang were 38.70 and 34.61%, respectively; however the yields of the various adzuki beans were lower at 13.78-20.76%. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the various adzuki beans were 19.00-34.75 and 12.97-28.95 mg/g, respectively (Daepung: 14.40 and 3.96 mg/g, Taekwang: 10.7 and 2.61 mg/g). High levels of polyphenols (34.75 mg/g) and flavonoids (28.95 mg/g) were found in Miryang 6. The total anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents of the various adzuki beans ranged from 5.89-23.77 and 1.83-3.29 mg/g, respectively. A high level of total tocopherol content (7.66 mg/100 g) was found in Yungum-pat. High levels of ABTS radical (2.44 mg TEAC/mg extract residue) and DPPH radical scavenging activities (4.46 mg TEAC/mg extract residue) were found in Miryang 6. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compound content. The results of this study suggest that notable antioxidant activities in various adzuki beans could have significant health benefits.