• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1347-1358
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• 2008

A blind video watermarking scheme for providing safety, authenticity, and copyright protection is proposed in this paper, which is robust to MPEG-4 SVC and multimedia transcoding. In proposed method, embedding and detecting of watermark is performed based on base layer with considering spatial SVC. To be robust from temporal SVC, our method embeds repeatedly a permutated character with ordering number per one frame. Also for robustness from multimedia transcoding and FGS, the method is embedded watermark in low middle frequency of each frame adaptively based on DCT in ROI. Through experimental results, invisibility of the watermark is confirmed and robustness of the watermark against the spatial SVC, temporal SVC, FGS and video transcoding between MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 SVC is also verified.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2016

This paper proposes a new watermarking algorithm to embed watermarks in thr process of sample adaptive offsets (SAO) for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) compressed videos. The proposed method embeds two-bit watermark into the SAO offsets for each coding tree unit (CTU). To minimize visual quality degradation caused by embedding watermark, watermark bits are embedded into SAO offset depending on the SAO types of block. Furthermore, the embedded watermark can be extracted by simply adding four offsets and checking their least significant bits (LSB) at the decoder side. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 0.3% BD-rate increase without much visual quality degradation. Two-bit watermark for each CTU is embedded for more bit watermarking. In addition, the proposed method requires negligible computational load for watermark insertion and extraction.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.46-52
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• 2011

This paper presents adaptive spread-spectrum watermarking scheme on the H.264/AVC video. The H.264/AVC has become popular video coding since it's compression performance has been improved greatly. That is why there is not enough space for embedding watermark using the spread-spectrum method. To overcome this problem, we propose selective block embedding scheme. The blocks which don't contain non-zero DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficients are selected by value. So we have enough space to embed watermarks. Experimental result shows that proposed scheme improves recovery rates of watermark about 12% and reduces distortion of watermarked video.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.436-443
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• 2003

A digital video watermarking algorithm is proposed that uses HVS and DWT. In this algorithm, each video frame is decomposed into four-level by DWT which reveals the characteristics of the human eyes and watermark is embedded into DWT coefficients using HVS. For robustness, the lowest level subbands which represent the highest frequency component are excluded in watermark embedding step and watermark is embedded into the perceptually significant coefficients (PSCs) of the rest subbands. PSCs of the baseband are selected according to the amplitude of the coefficients and PSCs of the high frequency subbands are selected by successive subband quantization (SSQ). Watermark is embedded into the PSCs of the baseband and high frequency subbands by Weber's law and spatial masking effect, respectively, for the invisibility and robustness. We tested the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional watermarking algorithm by computer simulation. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm produces a better invisibility and robustness than the conventional algorithm.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2009

A watermarking for copyright protection of digital contents for broadcasting have to be made for a real-time system. In this paper, we propose a real-time video watermarking chip and system which is hardware based watermark embedding system of SD/HD video. Our chip is implemented by FPGA which is STRATIX device from ALTERA, and our system is implemented by GS1560A and GS1532 devices from GENNUM for HD/SD video signal processing. There was little visual artifact due to watermarking in subjective quality evaluation between the original video and the watermarked one. Embedded watermark was all extracted after a robustness test called natural video attacks such as A/D conversion and MPEG compression. Our implemented watermarking hardware system can be useful in movie production and broadcasting companies that requires real-time based copyright protection system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.120-123
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• 2003

In this paper, a digital watermarking scheme whichis effective in protecting a copyright of video image under an image transformation and impulse noise is proposed. The proposing scheme is to use a coded watermark that insert the personal ID of copyrighter. The recovery ability is improved by the coded watermark. Also the coded watermark is abel to trace the illegal distributors. Binary image is used as watermark image, the value of PSNR and recovered rates of watermark are obtained in order to confirm the required invisibility and robustness in watermark system. The experimental results show that image quality is less degraded as the PSNR of 98.21 ㏈. It is also observed that excellent watermark recovery is achieved under the image transformation and impulse noise.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.491-496
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• 2003

We present a new watermark design tool for digital images and digital videos that are based on human visual system (HVS) characteristics. In this tool, basic mechanisms (inhibitory and excitatory behaviour of cells) of HVS are used to determine image dependent upper bound values on watermark insertion. This allows us to insert maximai allowable transparent watermark, which in turn is extremely hard to attack with common image processing, Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) compression. As the number of details (e.g. edges) increases in an image, the HVS decrease its sensitivity to the details. In the same manner, as the number of motion increases in a video signal, the HVS decrease its sensitivity to the motions. We model this decreased sensitivity to the details and motions as an (motion) entropy masking. Entropy masking model can be efficiently used to increase the robustness of image and video watermarks. We have shown that our entropy-masking model provides watermark scheme with increased transparency and henceforth increased robustness.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1264-1267
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• 2003

To protect the digital image, video and audio from non-authorized use, the digital watermarking technology has received a great attention in the field of multimedia in recent years . An overview of the development of watermark techniques is given in the current paper followed by a discussion of potential application of spatial domain, transform domain watermark techniques in remote sensing images copyright protection and verification in different forms of processed images.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.3C
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• pp.398-407
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• 2004

In this paper, a blind watermarking method which is suitable to the video compression using 2-D discrete wavelet transform was proposed and implemented into the hardware using VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language). The goal of the proposed watermarking algorithm is the authentication about the manipulation of the watermark embedded image and the detection of the error positions. Considering the compressed video image, the proposed watermarking scheme is unrelated to the quantization and is able to concurrently embed or extract the watermark. We experimentally verified that the lowest frequency subband(LL4) is not sensitive to the change in the spatial domain, so LL4 subband was selected for the mark space. And the combination of the bitplanes which has the properties of both the minimum degradation of the image and the robustness was chosen as the embedded Point in the mark space in LL4 subband. Since we know the watermark embedded positions and the watermark is embedded by not varying the value but changing the value, the watermark can be extracted without the original image. Also, for the security when exposing the watermark embedded position, we embed the encrypted watermark by the block cipher. The proposed watermark algorithm shows the robustness against the general image manipulation and is easily transplanted into the image or video compressor with the minimal changing in the structure. The designed hardware has 4037 LABs(24％) and 85 ESBs(3％) in APEX20KC EP20K400CF672C7 FPGA of Altera and stably operates in 82MHz clock frequency.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2001

Most of the previous video watermarking algorithms cannot be supported by real-time video processing. The maul reason is that in order to develop a robust algorithm the watermarking technique requires a very high computational cost when embedding and extracting the watermark in various frequency domains. Previous embedding methods simultaneously try to compress a video by MPEG and embed a watermark supporting real-time processing. However, In this paper, our proposed algorithm can support real-time processing in both spatial and frequency domains. First. the watermark is created on the courier transform domain, and next is inverse-Fourier-transformed ; then, we directly embed it into the video frame In the spatial domain. This procedure does not require a lot of the computational cost during embedding because of the spatial domain processing. Also, it is possible to support a video stream service and a very robust algorithm from MPEG compression and various geometric attacks.