• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2013

This study investigates Korean high school student's perception of sexual harassment and relative effects of victim's clothing, dating behavior and respondent's gender on perceptions of alleged sexual harassment cases. A quasi-experimental method was applied using a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ between-subjects factorial design that manipulated three variables (clothing exposure, dating behavior, and gender). Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 540 high school students and 530 questionnaires were used for the data analysis. The results indicate that the victim's clothing and dating behavior had a significant main effect on the responsibility for sexual harassment. The respondent put less responsibility on the assailant when the victim wore revealing clothing and when her dating behavior was provocative. The significant interaction effect between the respondents' gender and the victim's dating behavior indicated that when the victim's behavior was provocative, female respondents held more responsible to victim than male respondents did. The results also indicate that victim's clothing, dating behavior, and respondent's gender had significant main effect on the justification of sexual harassment. The respondents indicated that assailant's behavior is unjustifiable; however, when victim more revealing clothing, they indicated that the behavior is more justifiable.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.305-320
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• 2023

Research on offense judgment differing by victim typicality has usually focused on sexual violence, and studies on victim typicality of dating violence remain scarce. However, the social concern for the recent increase of dating violence cases demands research on social stereotypes of dating violence victims, especially focusing on how they affect judgments of dating violence cases. We examined if judgment of dating violence cases differed by victim typicality. The results based on 160 adults (80 females and 80 males) showed that the higher the level of victim typicality, the more seriously the offense was evaluated. In addition, the level of offense seriousness mediated the relationship between victim typicality and judgment of offender responsibility and victim blame. The higher the level of victim typicality, the more seriously the offense was evaluated, and the bigger the offender responsibility and the less the victim was blamed. Finally, we discussed policy implications of the study for preventing secondary victimization in criminal proceedings and developing education programs for jurors.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.287-307
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• 2020

Child sexual abuse (CSA), under the age of 13, has increased over the past ten years, but research on the perceptions of perpetrators and victims have mainly focused on sexual violence against adults. Differentiating the age of the perpetrator into child, adolescent, and adult, the present study examined differences in perceptions of perpetrators and victims of child sexual abuse. The study also investigated differences by the gender of respondents, and examined the effects of Sexual Violence Myths (SVM) and Authoritarian Personality on perceptions of child sexual abuse. A total of 210 people in their 20s to 60s evaluated the degree to perpetrator blaming, perpetrator punishment, victim responsibility, and pain of the victim, and responded to the SVM scale and Authoritarian Personality scale. The correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and mediation analysis were conducted. The difference in the perception of perpetrator punishment by the age of the perpetrator was significant, indicating that respondents thought that adolescent perpetrators should be more severely punished than child perpetrators. Male respondents compared to female respondents were more likely to attribute the responsibility of sexual assault to the victim, to accept sexual violence myths and to be authoritarian. Sexual Violence Myths mediated the effects of the gender of respondents on the perception of victim responsibility, and Authoritarian Personality moderated these mediation effects. Finally, the limitations and implications of the study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.309-327
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• 2020

Rape myth acceptance may influence victims are treated and perpetrator blamed and sentenced. And this relationship could be moderated by victim's deviant behavior before rape such as teenage running away from home or drinking alcohol. The present study examined the relationship among rape myth, deviant behavior, blaming victim, pain of victim, responsibility and blame for perpetrator and punishment for the perpetrator. Findings suggest that participants with high rape myth acceptance compared to participants with low rape myth acceptance blamed victim more and blamed and thought responsible the perpetrator less. And this relationship was only significant when the victim had deviant behavior before rape happened. This result shows that specific information(deviant behaior) about victim could trigger rape myth to blame victim and judge the perpetrator leniently. The suggestions for future research and limitations were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.286-298
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• 2009

Became large a problem we were productive movement of information became large and occurring to diffusions of development of public media and Internet use. While the Internet became a generalization, public media had more influences and risks, and a crime to abuse anonymity became large in cyber space. In addition, damage is becoming expanded reproduction that infringe of ' crime victim's rights of portrait'. The point that is most important in order to improve these points is recognition regarding the special situation of crime victim, and the ethic consciousness and independent operation regulation and regulation system that these point was taken into consideration in the public media and Internet operation that are an information producer is necessary, and Internet portal shall be included like Internet newspapers to the arbitration object of the Press Arbitration Commission. Also, a legal system regarding personal responsibility shall have for protection of a crime victim's rights of portrait by personal information activity for protection in cyber space. Suggest to a portrait of a crime victim, and an individual and social rights security effort are required for activation regarding an infringement relief system.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.213-260
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• 2009

While the medical supplies have positive functions such as extending lifespan, recovering health, and preventing diseases, they also cause unexpected tragic consequences due to their side effects, and the magnitude of such damage inevitably increases due to the mechanism of mass production, mass distribution, and mass consumption of those medical supplies. Therefore, needless to say, the optimal way to prevent or reduce such damage is rather through medical supply manufacturers' producing non-defective products, or through the government's controlling production and sales of medical supplies with more aggressive exercise of regulatory authority on medical supply manufacturers, than through a remedy by a legal relief after using medical supplies. In this case, although the victim died due to the defect of the cold medicine, 'CONTAC 600', the drug company's responsibility to cover damages was not recognized because a defect could not be found in the then-manufacturing process. Thus, while pharmaceutical companies are gaining economic profits by producing and selling a medical supplies, if they do not take any remedy measures for the victims of their products' side effects, the victims have to use medical supplies under their own responsibility of taking a risk, and they have to accept the full damage of the potential consequence. Therefore, to remove such absurdity and contradiction, and to practically remedy the victim of medical supplies' side effects, the pharmaceutical side effects remedy project pending in the the Drugs, Cosmetics and Medical Instruments Lawneeds to be actively implemented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of teenagers' perceptions to bullies according to the classification types of Q-methodology. The results of the analysis were classified in 5 types. Type 1, which was the type geared foward solution, showed that they expressed a strong attitude of sympathy and protection towards the victim. However, they had harbored rage and hostile feelings against the assaulter. For example, when they witnessed the bully in action, they positively intervened in the situation. Type 2, which was the observer type, showed that they thought the victims were to blame for their misfortune. Also, when a friend who was left out in the cold by his classmates, they were just watched without showing any special interest. Type 3, which was the type of conflict, indicated that they believed that the both the victim and the assaulter should have responsibility. In contrast to the previous type, they had sympathy for the friend who was left out in the cold by his classmates, they had the dual feeling that intended to use the bully under the situation with his friend. Type 4, which was the type of assenting, indicated that they assumed an indifferent attitude to the situation, while they implied assenting to the situation of the friend who had a bad relationship with them. Type 5, which was the negative type, showed that they had the negative view to the situation of bully itself so that they did not recognize the bully as the method of revenge for whatever reason. The results of the study showed that the bully increased the factor of stress to school life of the victim or assaulter, even in the subjective position. The perception of the bully should change according to the characteristics of the types of people and it is necessary to study how to cope with the situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of bully/victim experiences and bioethics of 5th and 6th graders. Participants were 326 elementary school students. Methods: The data was collected from 1th to 30th October, 2014 in G City. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression and Scheff$\acute{e}$ post-hoc analysis by SPSS 18.0. Results: First, in regard to bioethics, significant factors were liking for growing plants (p<.001), emotions after killing insects (p<.001) and the number of friends (p=.003). In regard to bullying experiences, significant factors were gender (p=.021), religion (p=.026), participation in religious activity (p=.019), liking for growing plants (p=.009), insect killing experience (p=.009). The bioethics score of the victim group (2.70 point) were higher than the bully group (2.49 point). The relationship between bully/victim experiences and bioethics was negative. The factors affecting bioethics were liking for growing plants (${\beta}=.159$, p=.004), the number of friends (${\beta}=.124$, p=.030), experiences of being bullied (${\beta}=.352$, p<.001), emotions after killing insects (${\beta}=-.135$, p=.011). Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is required to develop rich learning content and a variety of teaching and learning models for bioethics. Efficient bioethics program would help elementary school students have a higher bioethics awareness. The entire society and families should wake up to the evil effects of school bullying and make concerted efforts to root it out with a sense of responsibility.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2011

Humankind history is faced with one gigantic turning point due to development of Living genetically Modified Organisms. Food production by means of LMO is on the acceleration in an effort to solve the shortage of food problems. Food is also used as alternative energy source. Use of LMO product is not only limited to food and energy, but is actively utilized in various fields of medicines. This paper is first to check out the state of biomedicine developed and associated problems from industries that use LMO, after which we made an attempt on legislative approach to find out means of relief, through examples of such laws legislated for the sufferer from the adverse effect of the biomedicine. As for the liable subject to bear the responsibility for compensatory damage in a way of relieving the victim owing to adverse effect of biomedicine, those who manufactured and sold biomedicine and who are related to the damage to the victim due to the accident and medical doctors and pharmacists who prescribe and administer the medicine in question have been looked into. Accidents involving medicines and medical supplies could take place without reason for imputation on part of the liable subjects or fault of the victim, in which case the victim can't receive damage compensation from any of both parties. When such accidents happened turn out to be no fault accidents, introduction of damage relief measures might have to be reviewed against side effects of medicine and medical supplies as no fault compensation in order for actual relief to be possible. Talking about technicality of legislation, we can suggest a method of strengthening the accountability of manufacturer for stereotypical agenda on biomedicines by newly legislating special regulation with an issue that resists claim on risks associated with the development of medicine and incorporating the same into Manufactured Product Liability Law. After all, when an accident happens associated with biomedicine, the damage will be done to the consumer. And the consumer will be exposed to fatal danger even without the time to cope with potential risks associated with medicine and medical supplies they take. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the potential victim by having the manufacturer of biomedicines bear the liability of medical risks.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adult attachment, responsibility attribution, and self - esteem of adult women on psychological violence in intimate relationships. For the study, we analyzed the data of 137 women collected using self - report questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the higher the level of Age(over 36 years old), love experience(more than 4 times) and attribution of responsibility, the higher the victim of psychological violence. The higher the age (over 36 years old), the love experience(more than 4 times) and adult attachment, the higher the harms of psychological violence. On the other hand, self-esteem showed no effect. Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce the psychological violence of adult women by developing intervention strategies for secure adult attachment enhancement and hostile attribution reduction.