• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of marinade under different conditions (temperature and vacuum) on pork ham cooked by the sous-vide method ($61^{\circ}C$ and 98.81% vacuum for 45 min). Control group was non-marinade pork ham. The samples were marinated under 1 of 4 conditions: $4^{\circ}C$, 98.81% vacuum (treatment group $T_1$); $4^{\circ}C$, atmospheric pressure ($T_2$); $20^{\circ}C$, 98.81% vacuum ($T_3$); and $20^{\circ}C$, atmospheric pressure ($T_4$). The pH value was higher in the control (6.02) than in the treatment groups (4.30-4.42, p<0.001). Shear force was the lowest in the control: 18.14 N. Lightness and redness values were higher in the control (p<0.001). The chroma value significantly decreased from 12.74 to 7.55 with marinade (p<0.001). Total viable and coliform counts of raw meat were 84.6 and 3.67 Log CFU/g, respectively. After the marinade, the total viable count decreased to 3.00-14.67 Log CFU/g (p<0.001). Coliforms were not detected. After sous-vide cooking, no viable microorganisms were detected in any group. Treatment groups generally showed high scores on consumer preference. The marinade and sous-vide cooking had a positive effect on sensory characteristics. They provided safe conditions for sanitary evaluation. As a result, it appears that marinade at refrigeration temperature is better than that at room temperature.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Bifidobacteria growth promoter BE0623 and a dietary fiber supplement, which included Bifidobacterium lactis BB12, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis. In fermented milk containing BE0623, the viable cell count of Bifidobacteria significantly increased by about 45 to 75 times compared to the control, and the titratable acidity increased, whereas the pH decreased. All fractions obtained by isolating BE0623 had Bifidobacteria growth effect. Acacia dietary fiber is a pale yellow powder. It has a viscosity of 60 to 100 cPs and a pH between 4.1 and 5.0. Its general components are less than 10% moisture, more than 90% dietary fiber, and less than 4% ash. The optimal addition ratio of Bifidobacteria growth promoting material was determined to be 0.05%. The general components of the manufactured fermented milk were carbohydrate 17.85%, protein 3.63%, fat 3.00%, and dietary fiber 2.95%. During storage of the fermented milk for 24 days, its titratable acidity, viscosity, and sugar content all met the criteria. In addition, the viable cell counts of Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the fermented milk were 1.7 × 10⁸ CFU·mL^-1 and 1.5 × 10⁷ CFU·mL^-1, respectively, and Escherichia coli was negative. There was no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group in the sensory evaluation of sweet, sour, weight, and flavor, and the preference for the treatment group was excellent. The acceptability of the fermented milk of the treated group according to the storage period was excellent in terms of color, flavor, and appearance.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2014

This study determined the effect of packaging and electron beam irradiation on the quality of dried Undaria pinnatifida. Samples were air or vacuum packaged and irradiated at 7 kGy. The dried Undaria pinnatifida had total viable cells and coliform counts of 5.51 and 4.40 log CFU/g in total, respectively, and counts of 5.56 and 4.19 log CFU/g in surface. These counts were reduced by 2-4 log cycles after irradiation. Irradiation increased the lightness and yellowness of the dried Undaria pinnatifida, but not the redness. In the sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences among samples. Therefore, electron beam irradiation improves the microbial safety and quality of dried Undaria pinnatifida.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1993

Three sheep fitted with cannulas in the rumen and the caecum were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to study the changes in ruminal and caecal microbial populations and their metabolite composition with ammoniated rice straw feeding. The 3 diets contained either 80% untreated rice straw (UTS) or ammoniated rice straw (ATS) and 20% formula feed. These were a control diet (C), a urea supplemented diet (U) containing urea at 1.1% and an ammoniated rice straw diet (AT). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and means separated by the Student Neumann Kuel's multiple comparison. AT feeding increased ruminal bacterial counts, in particular cellulolytic bacterial counts (p < 0.05) which were 1.8, 2.4 and 7.0 (${\times}10^6/ml$ ruminal fluid) for C, U and AT, respectively. There was an increasing tendency (p < 0.10) in ruminal fungal population with U; values were 2.0, 5.2, 3.1 (${\times}10^3/ml$ ruminal fluid) for C, U and AT, respectively. Ruminal protozoa counts were not significantly (p > 0.05) altered with diets. Caecal total viable bacterial count with AT was about thrice the value with C. Total VFA concentration in the rumen was significantly increased (p < 0.025) (7.7 mmol/dl for C and 8.2 mmol/dl for AT) and correspondingly, pH lowered when AT was fed. Sheep on AT tended to produce less acetate and more butyrate in the rumen without significance (p > 0.05). Similar to the rumen, total VFA concentrations of 4.4, 3.8 and 5.2 mmol/dl were detected, respectively, for C, U and AT. Caecal ammonia-nitrogen concentrations were about six-fold of that in the rumen, though there were no differences (p > 0.05) among treatments.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2000

1998년 9월부터 1999년 7월까지 통영시내 약수터 9개 지점에서 약수륵 채수하여 90개 시료에 대한 화학적 및 세균학적 수질을 조사하였다. 그결과 각 항목의 범위와 중앙치는 다음과 같다. 수온은 5.2~25.8, 16.3$^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0~7.2, 6.7, 총잔류물질 33.6~210, 90.6 mg/1, 탁도 0.35~5.48, 1.45NTU, 과망간산소비량 0.51~4.21, 1.39mg/1, 염소이온 6.23~42.5, 16.7mg/1, 인산염 불검출~0.04, 0.02mg/1, 아질산염 불검출~0.02, 0.01 mg/1, 질산염 불검출~3.56, 1.42 mg/1, 암모니성질소 불검출~0.20, 0.14mg/1, 용존질소 불검출~3.78, 1.57mg/1로 나타났다. 심미적 영향물직에서 철은 0.04~0.28, 0.13ppm, 아연 0.03~0.66, 0.20ppm, 망간 불검출~0.01, 알루미늄 0.14~0.58, 0.39ppm, 구리 불길출~0.01, 0.01로 조사되었다. 유해금속에서 납은 불검출~0.01, 0.01 ppm, 비소 불검출~0.01, 0.01ppm, 수은 불검출~0.02, 불검출 크롬 불검출, 카드뮴 불검출로 각각 나타났다. 생균수는 5.0~760/m1, 중앙치 130/m1으로 기준치 100/m1륵 다소상회하였다. 대장균군 및 분변계대장균군의 범위와 중앙치는 0~2,400, 73 MPN/100ml 와 0~540, 21MPN/100ml로 조사되어 기준치 음성/50m1를 초과하고 있었다. IMViC 시험에 의한 대장균군은 분리된 45주중에 Escherichia group이 33.3%, Citrobacter freunidii freundii 15.6%, Klebsiella aerogenes 35.6%, 기타 15.5%로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

본 연구는 대형 할인매장과 백화점에서 유통되고 있는 신선편의 샐러드류와 유기농 채소의 미생물학적 품질을 평가하고, 식중독 미생물 오염도를 분석하여 위생적인 신선편의 제품의 생산을 유도하고, 신선편의 샐러드류와 유기농 채소류의 미생물학적 위해평가의 기본자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 경기도 지역의 대형 할인매장과 백화점에서 유통되고 있는 신선편의 샐러드류와 유기농 채소류를 구입하여 총균수과 대장균군, 장내세균, 대장균을 분석하여 미생물학적 품질을 평가하였으며, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus 등의 식중독관련 미생물의 오염도를 분석하였다. 신선편의 샐러드 중 미생물학적으로 안전한 제품은 과일샐러드 제품으로 일반세균수, 장내세균수와 대장균군의 오염 수준이 낮았다. 하지만, 새싹채소는 일반세균수, 장내세균, 대장균군 등의 오염수준이 다른 신선편의 제품보다 높았으며, 분석 시료의 37.5%에서 B. cereus가 3 log CFU/g 이상 오염된 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 신선편의 제품에서 Salmonella spp., V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes 등의 병원성 미생물은 검출되지 않았으며, S. aureus는 2개의 샐러드 제품에서 검출되었으나, 오염 수준은 기준 이하였다. 유기농 채소류 중에서는 유기농 상추가 일반세균수, 장내세균, 대장균군의 오염도가 유기농 상추와 깻잎에 비하여 높았으며, 대장균과 S. aureus는 상추와 깻잎에서만 검출되었고, 풋고추에서는 검출되지 않았다. B. cereus는 분석된 모든 유기농 채소류에서 검출되었고, 오염도는 1.2-4.0 log CFU/g 수준이었다. 병원성 미생물인 L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., V. parahaemolyticus는 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 유기농 채소류는 구입 후 대부분 가정에서 간단한 세척 후 바로 섭취하는 것으로, 병원성 미생물에 대한 오염도는 낮았으나, 유기농 상추의 일반세균수가 5 log CFU/g 이상으로 충분한 세척으로 균수를 낮추지 않는다면 미생물학적으로 안전한 수준은 아니었다. 따라서 섭취적 충분한 세척으로 초기 오염도를 낮추고, 저온에서 보관하며, 가능한 빠른 섭취가 필요하다고 판단되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.547-550
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• 2005

Fourteen out of 87 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated tram Kimchi were found to be resistant against the action of artificial gastric and bile juices. In particular, lactobacilli KM 3, 7, 28, and 37 showed strong resistance and their viable cell counts at the initial stage remained the same even after 3 hours of cultivation in an artificial gastric juice. However, the survival rates of KM 14, 28, and 64 were found to be significantly enhanced in artificial bile juice. Based on the paper disc method, it was evident that isolated lactic acid bacteria showed antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Salmonella typhimurium. The isolated lactic acid bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1985

Distribution pattern and activity of heterotrophec bacteria were measured in the mudflat of Nakdong river estuary. In March and June, 1985, community sizes of amylolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria as well as total viable counts were measured. Vertical distribution of bacterial community size increased a few orders of magnitude from Narch to June. Heterotrophic activity was estimated in turnover time with $U-[^{14}C]-glucose$. Turnover time reduced considerably in June compared to that of March. To sxamine correlations for measured bacterial groups, turnover time and environmental factors, correlation coefficient matrix was obtained. These measured characteristics did not consistently correlate well with one another.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.388-393
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the influence of vadrious dietary fiber sources such as mugwort, apple, sea mustard, butterbur on the intestinal in aged rats. Nine groups of aged rats (12months after weanling) were fed each experimental diet containing 5% and 15% dietary fibers for 4 weeks. The contents in large intestine of aged rats used for the measurement of intestinal microflora. Total viable counts and the numbers of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, E. coli and Staphylococcus were determined by nonselective medium and various selective media. The intake of dietary fiber sources employed did not show any differece in the number of total microorganisms, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It was remarkable that Clostridium perfringens appeared in the colon of aged rats. The prpulations of Peptococcus and Clostridium were significantly larger in the apple 5% group than in other dietary fiber groups while the number of Staphylococcus was significantly smaller in the dietary fiber groups than in cellulose group. And the Streptococcus populations decreased in the mugwort 15% group. Accordingly, the mugwort 15% group is effective in improving intestinal flora of aged rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.988-995
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the influence of various dietary fiber sources(rice bran, Chinese cabbage, radish, apple, laver, sea mustard) on the intestinal microflora in rats. Eight groups of rats were fed each experimental diets containing 5% of total dietary fiber for 4 weeks. Total viable counts and the numbers of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, E. coli and Staphylococcus were determined by nonselective medium and various selective media. The number of Bifidobacterium(p<0.01) was higher in the apple and sea mustard groups than those in the other groups and the number of Lactobacillus(p<0.01) was lower in the radish group. A decrease in the intestinal population of clostridium was shown in the sea mustard group. The E. coli(p<0.01) and Staphylococcus(p<0.01) populations decreased in the apple group compared with other groups. These findings suggest that the apple fiber and sea mustard fiber are effective in improving intestinal flora of rats.