• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.317-328
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• 1997

Since laser therapy has been applied to dentistry, many dental practitioners are very interested in laser therapy on various intraoral soft tissue lesions including gingival hyperplasia and aphthous ulcer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the therapeutic effect and the harmful effect of a pulsed-Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human gingival tissue. In twenty periodontal patients with gingival enlargement, the facial gingival surface of maxillary anterior teeth was randomly irradiated at various power of 1.0W(100mJ, 10Hz), 3.0W(100mJ, 30Hz) and 6.0W(l50mJ, 40Hz) for 60 seconds by contact delivery of a pulsed-Nd:YAG laser(EN.EL.EN060, Italy). Immediately after laser irradiation, the gingival tissues were surgically excised and prepared in size of 1mm3. Subsequently the specimens were processed for prefixation and postfixation, embedded with epon mixture, sectioned in $1{\mu}$ thickness, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under transmission electron microscope(JEM 100 CXII). Following findings were observed; l. In the gingival specimens irradiated with l.OW power, widening of intercelluar space and minute vesicle formation along the widened intercellular space were noted at the epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area. 2. In the gingival specimens irradiated with 3.0W power, the disruption of cellular membrane, aggregation of cytoplasm, and loss of intercellular space were observed at the epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area. 3. In the gingival specimens irradiated with 6.0W power, the disruption of nuclear and cellular membrane was observed at the epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area. The ultrastructural findings of this study suggest that surgical application of a pulsed-Nd:YAG laser on human gingival tissue may lead somewhat delayed wound healing due to damage of epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1999

본 연구는 감마선 조사 후 원시반포의 퇴화과정에서 나타나는 형태학적인 변화를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. ICR 계통의 생후 3 주된 미성숙 생쥐에 $LD_{80(30)}$의 선량인 8.3 Gy를 2 시간 동안 전신조사하였다. 방사선 조사 후 0 시간, 3 시간, 6 시간, 그리고 12 시간에 난소를 적출하여 조직절편을 제작한 후 가장 큰 절편을 관찰하였다. 정상 대 퇴화 난포의 비율은 조사 후 6 시간에 유의하게 감소하였다. 6 시간에 퇴화된 원시난포의 수가 증가하였으며, germinal vesicle이 관찰되지 않거나 지질방울이 증가하였으며, 난막이 사라진 것을 알 수 있었다. 과립세포의 모양은 둥글게 변하였으며, 세포자연사하는 세포가 관찰되었다. 대조군의 경우 정상 대 퇴화 원시난포의 비율이 62.50% 이었으나, 이 비율은 0 시간, 3 시간, 6 시간, 12 시간에 각각 51.61 %, 48.97 %, 11.11 %, 7.14 %로 감소하였다. 결론적으로 방사선에 의해서 윈시난포에 퇴화가 유발되는데 그 양상은 세 가지 유형을 나타내었다. 과립세포의 모양은 정상적이나 난자의 세포자연사, 난자의 형태는 정상적이나 한 개 혹은 그 이상의 과립세포가 세포자연사하는 경우, 혹은 난자와 과립세포 모두가 세포자연사 과정을 겪는 경우를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 원시난포 퇴화를 형태학적으로 규명할 수 있는 단서가 제시되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2001

During the rapid phase of gonadal development of the freshwater teleost, the catfish (Silurus asotus), the influence of hCG upon the inducement of final oocyte maturation and spawning was investigated electrophoretically and ultrastructurally. The electrophoretic patterns obtained were different in the presence and absence of some of the major or minor zones, because of the hormone level in catfish. The vitellogenin of hormone-treated fish was stained more intensively than that of sham-treated fish. These proteins showed some minor or main bands of egg extracts which migrated at positions corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 90,000. However, the thickness of electrophoretic band in molecular weight for hCG-treated fish was slightly lower than that for saline control. It seemed the plasma protein with molecular weight of approximately 45,000 in hCG-treated fish disappeared. In contrast to the control fish, the ovaries in the catfish treated with hCG shows a marked ultrastructural change under the electron microscope. No dilated profiles were seen in the granulosa cells of the mature oocyte before ovulation. After germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), the zona radiata interna (ZRI) becomes more compact, and there is a loss of all the processes from the pore canals. There is a wide space between the vitelline membrane and zona radiata. Also, during final maturation, the microvillar processes from the oocyte are seen no longer to penetrate deeply into the extracellular spaces of the overlying granulosa cells, and the reticulate patterns of the zona radiata interna becomes occluded, giving the zona radiata a more solid appearance. It has been possible to initiate 100% oocyte maturation in yolk granules and follicles in vivo by treatment with hCG and a high water temperature ($27^{\circ}C$). In hCG-treated fish, the percentages of successful artificial fertilization and hatching were maximal at 15 h after a single injection. It seems clear that a long acting preparation containing hCG can be successfully used in prespawning fish to advance the final events of gonadal maturation and initiate spawning. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential of hCG to either stimulate or inhibit the reproductive development of fish at other stages of the seasonal reproductive cycle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1824-1836
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• 2020

Objective: On the hypothesis that grazing of cattle prompts organs to secrete or internalize circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in parallel with changes in energy metabolism, we aimed to clarify biological events in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues in grazing Japanese Shorthorn (JSH) steers by a transcriptomic approach. Methods: The subcutaneous fat (SCF), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), and liver in JSH steers after three months of grazing or housing were analyzed using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by gene ontology (GO) and functional annotation analyses. Results: The results of transcriptomics indicated that SCF was highly responsive to grazing compared to BFM and liver tissues. The 'Exosome', 'Carbohydrate metabolism' and 'Lipid metabolism' were extracted as the relevant GO terms in SCF and BFM, and/or liver from the >1.5-fold-altered mRNAs in grazing steers. The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysis-associated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. Moreover, gene expression related to fatty acid uptake and inter-organ signaling (solute carrier family 27 member 4 and angiopoietin-like 4) was upregulated in BFM, suggesting activation of SCF-BFM organ crosstalk for energy metabolism. Meanwhile, expression of plasma exosomal miR-16a, miR-19b, miR-21-5p, and miR-142-5p was reduced. According to bioinformatic analyses, the c-miRNA target genes are associated with the terms 'Endosome', 'Caveola', 'Endocytosis', 'Carbohydrate metabolism', and with pathways related to environmental information processing and the endocrine system. Conclusion: Exosome and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression was altered in SCF of grazing cattle, which could be regulated by miRNA such as miR-142-5p. These changes occurred coordinately in both the SCF and BFM, suggesting involvement of exosome in the SCF-BFM organ crosstalk to modulate energy metabolism.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.342-350
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• 1989

낙동강 하구지역에 서식하는 자주새우를 대상으로 1988년 6월부터 1989년 5월까지 성성숙과 산란에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 난소는 두흉부의 심장 하방에 위치하며 심장을 중심으로 전방은 촉각동맥 및 안동맥을 둘러싸고 둥글게 융합되어 있고, 후방은 1쌍의 관상으로 복부 2마디까지 뻗혀있다. 정소는 심장직하에 위치하며 심장을 중심으로 전방은 관상으로 곡정관의 형태를 취하고 있으며 후방은 1쌍의 관상의 형태를 띠고 있고, 이곳으로부터 연결된 저정낭이 제5흉지에 개구되어 있다. 2. 난자 및 정자의 배우자형성은 계절과 관계없이 단기간에 반복되고 있으며, 생식소상피의 전 구역에서 동시에 이루어지고 있다. 완숙난의 장경은 $430{\mu}m$ 전후이고, 변태된 정자는 두부 핵질이 뚜렷한 타원형의 구조를 나타낸다. 3. 생식주기는 약 40일을 간격으로 단주기성이며, 11월을 전후한 동계를 제외하고는 주년 산란종이다. 4. 포란된 난의 부화기간은 수온 $21^{\circ}C\~24^{\circ}C$의 실내사육에서 $12\~14$일이 소요되었다. 5. 포란된 개체의 평균 부화유생수는 1,602마리였고, 전장 32mm에서 1,372마리, 38.2개개에서 1,650마리였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.770-776
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of recombinant eel gonadotropin hormone (rJeGTH) produced in silkworms, with and without a carboxyl-terminal peptide from equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), on the induction of sexual maturation in female eels Anguilla japonica. Experiments were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro trials, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) induction did not significantly differ between rJeFSH and $rJeFSH{\cdot}eCG$ treatments and the control group. However, previous studies did find that rJeLH and $rJeLH{\cdot}eCG$ treatments induced GVBD in female eels. Our in vitro exploration of $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) levels in immature ovarian tissues revealed significantly higher $E_2$ levels in the group treated with $rJeFSH{\cdot}eCG$ $1{\mu}g/mL$ than in the control group. In contrast, the in vivo experiments showed no effect of recombinant hormones on the sexual maturation of feminized eels. Previous studies and our own in vitro results have clearly shown that rJeGTH and $rJeGTH{\cdot}eCG$ have a positive effect on the sexual maturation of feminized eels. To develop the activity of rJeGTH in vivo, further studies should confirm circulation time and activity of these hormones in eels' bloodstream, modify the structure of the recombinant gene, and implement additional glycosylation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Previously, we have shown that Bcl2l10 as a member of Bcl-2 family, key regulators of the apoptotic process, is dominantly expressed in oocytes of ovary but several member of the Bcl-2 family are not expressed in oocytes. Recent our studies had been processed about roles and regulatory mechanisms of Bcl2l10 in oocytes. Microinjection of Bcl2l10 RNAi into the cytoplasm of germinal vesicle oocytes resulted in metaphase I (MI) arrest and exhibited abnormalities in their spindles and chromosome configurations (Yoon et al., 2009). The present study was conducted to elucidate the downstream genes regulated by Bcl2l10 and signaling networks in Bcl2l10 RNAi microinjected oocytes by using microarray analysis. Surprisingly, we found that a large proportion of genes regulated by Bcl2l10 RNAi were involved in the cell cycle and actin skeletal system regulation as important upstream genes of Bcl2l10. Among the transcripts with highly significant fold changes more than 2-fold, Tpx2 and Cep192 are 16.1- and 8.2-fold down regulated respectively by Bcl2l10 RNAi. Tpx2 and Cep192 are known as cofactors that control Aurora A kinase activity and localization. Therefore, we concluded that Bcl2l10 may have important roles during oocyte meiosis as functional upstream regulator of Tpx2 and Cep192.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

멍게 유생의 뇌포에는 2개의 감각색소세포인 평형기와 안점 이외에 또 다른 감각세포로 추정되는 수압수용체세포가 존재한다. 수압수용체세포 형성에 관해서는 현재까지 거의 알려진 것이 없다. 본 연구에서는 수압수용체세포 형성에서 FGF 신호전달 과정의 관련성을 조사했다. 수정란에 Hr-FGF9/16/20 antisense MO를 미세주입했을 때, 발생한 유생에서 수압수용체세포 특이적 Hpr-1 항원의 발현이 검출되지 않았다. 32세포기부터 FGF 수용체 억제제 SU5402 및 MEK 억제제 U0126을 처리한 배아도 수압수용체세포를 갖지 못한 유생으로 발생했다. 다음으로 수압수용체세포 형성에 FGF 신호전달 과정이 관련되는 시기를 자세히 조사했다. 수압수용체세포 형성에는 FGF 수용체 활성이 16세포기부터 64세포기까지 필요하다는 것이 시사되었다. U0126은 8세포기부터 후기 낭배기까지 Hpr-1 항원 발현을 억제했다. Hpr-1 항원 발현은 신경판기 직전부터 U0126의 영향을 받지 않았다. 따라서, 멍게에서 수압수용체세포 형성은 1차 신경유도기부터 후기 낭배기까지 FGF 신호전달 과정을 필요로 한다는 것이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2016

This report describes the sex differentiation of the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii, from hatching to 170 days post-hatch (DPH) in relation to total length (TL), body weight (BW), and integral water temperature (IWT). The growth curve of TL from just hatching to 83 DPH was $5.144e^{0.045t}$ ($R^2=0.961$; t, time), and that of BW was $2.398e^{0.086t}$ ($R^2=0.725$). Primordial germ cells (PGCs) were observed at 17 DPH (7.9 mm TL, 3.74 mg BW, $374^{\circ}C$ IWT), and thereafter began to protrude into the peritoneal cavity. At 21 DPH ($9.2{\pm}0.14mm$ TL, $4.8{\pm}0.07mg$ BW, $462^{\circ}C$ IWT), some PGCs contained condensed chromatin and oocyte were observed in meiotic prophase. In contrast to the ovaries, which grew gradually after sexual differentiation, testes began multiplying at 25 DPH (10.1 mm TL, 5.42 mg BW, $550^{\circ}C$ IWT), when testicular differentiation was first identified, and multiplied continuously thereafter. At 33 DPH (11.2 mm TL, 10.5 mg BW, $726^{\circ}C$ IWT), the developing testes contained spermatogonia that exhibited mitotic activity. No spermatocyte or sperm cell was observed until 83 DPH (18.9 TL, 48.2 mg BW, $1,826^{\circ}C$ IWT). At 170 DPH (32.5 mm TL, 270.1 mg BW, $3,740^{\circ}C$ IWT), which was the end point of this study, the mature ovaries showed germinal vesicle breakdown, while the mature testes contained observable spermatocytes and sperm cells. These results allow us to identify the sex differentiation type of the Korean rose bitterling as differentiated gonochoristic.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

목적 : Paclitaxel(Taxol)은 미소관의 집합을 촉진시키고 분해를 방지하여 세포주기 중 유사분열을 정지시킴으로써 방사선조사와 병용할 경우 방사선감작제로서의 가능성이 있다. 정상세포 중 횐쥐의 소장에서 paclitaxel이 방사선의 독성을 증가시키는지 알기 위하여 실험을 시도하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Paclitaxel군은 paclitaxel 10mg/kg을 복강내 1회 주입하였다. 방사선조사군은 8 Gy를 전복부에 단일조사하였다. Paclitaxel과 방사선병용군은 paclitaxel(10mg/kg)을 복강내 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사군과 동일한 방법으로 조사하였다. 실험완료 후 소장점막에서 유사분열수, apoptosis와 기타 점막의 변화를 시간별로(6시간 -5일) 관찰하였다. 결과 : Paclitaxel은 소장점막의 소낭선세포에서 유사분열을 정지시키며 약간의 apoptosis을 유발하였으며 유사분열정지는 6시간에서 최대치를 보였고 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었다. 방사선조사는 apoptosis를 유발하였으며 6시간에 최대치를 보이고 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었다. Paclitaxel과 방사선병용군에서 유사분열정지는 6시간에서 3일까지 나타났으며 apoptosis는 6시간과 24시간에 약간 보였으며 3일에 정상으로 회복되었다. 병용군에서 apoptosis의 빈도는 정상군보다 높았으나 방사선단독군에 비하여 현저하게 감소되어 방사선보호작용이 있었다.