• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 2009

The study that unconfined compression strength of intact rock which is the most important factor to determine the bearing capacity effects discontinuities in rock mass has been carried out actively so far. However, the study which is related to lithological characters such as vesicle which is one of the primary characteristics of Basalt has barely been conducted. On this study, We have analyzed the correlation-ship between vesicle and unconfined compression strength and the effect on the bearing capacity, based on the reviewing on the changes of unconfined compression strength as the amount of vesicle of Basalt. It is impossible to analyze the amount of vesicle of Basalt as measuring unit. So it was analyzed by the ratio of the core sample's surface area and another area that vesicle takes up. Also, unconfined compression strength was calculated by point load test and unconfined compression strength test. The analysis shows that vesicle area ratio and unconfined compression strength have the exponential relationship and vesicle area ration is the factor to determine the bearing capacity of Basalt. It is considered that the reliability of calculating of the bearing capacity of Basalt will be improved as we study the correlation-ship between the vesicle area ratio and rock mass grade hereafter.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1993

Polymerized vesicles were prepared from monomeric cholesterol-containing surfactant. These vesicles were used to extract the free cholesterol. To introduce spacer group into [cholesteryloxycarbonylmethyl] [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium chloride (CHODAMA), [5-[ (cholesteryloxy)carbonyl]pentyl] [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium bromide (CHODAMA-5) and [10-[(cholesteryloxy)carbonyl]decyl] [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium bromide (CHODAMA-10) were synthesized, In both case of polymerized vesicle with CHODAMA-5 and CHODAMA-10, the permeability was decreased and the amount of extracted cholesterol was also decreased, compared with the polymerized vesicle of CHODAMA.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2013

The liquid crystal form with phosphatidylcholine contents containing in the hydrogenated lecithin was confirmed. Composition ingredients of the liquid crystal vesicle were phospholipid, ethanol and water and the rosmarinic acid was encapsulated as index material. The mean particle size of the liquid crystal vesicle appeared to form various particles form 480 nm to $3{\mu}m$ depending upon the lipid composition and ultrasonic handling time. The liquid crystal vesicle compared with the liposome showed a very high encapsulation efficiency. The quantity of liquid crystal vesicle increased with respect to the increased quantity of lipid contents in the hydrogenated lecithin. The result from release experiments of the liquid crystal vesicle containing rosmarinic acid showed that the liquid crystal vesicle releases much less than that of liposome.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2007

A cyclotetraphosphazene derivative having eight chains was synthesized from octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, which was employed along with cholesterol for the preparation of vesicles. The resulting vesicles were characterized by TEM and encapsulation efficiency. The stability of the vesicles was enhanced in the presence of dihexadecylphosphate.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2020

In eukaryotes, membraneous cellular compartmentation essentially requires vesicle trafficking for communications among distinct organelles. A donor organelle-generated vesicle releases its cargo into a target compartment by fusing two distinct vesicle and target membranes. Vesicle fusion, the final step of vesicle trafficking, is driven intrinsically by complex formation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Although SNAREs are well-conserved across eukaryotes, genomic studies revealed that plants have dramatically increased the number of SNARE genes than other eukaryotes. This increase is attributed to the sessile nature of plants, likely for more sensitive and harmonized responses to environmental stresses. In this review, we therefore try to summarize and discuss the current understanding of plant SNAREs function in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 1988

The Photophysical and photochemical properties of Ruthenium bipyridine with two long hydrocarbon chains, $[Ru(bipy)_2(dhbipy)]^{2+}$ and transient phenothiazine derivative cation radical $(PTD^+)$ in the cationic vesicle were studied. Transient absorption spectra of cation radical of phenothiazine derivative in the vesicle system containing the $Ru^{2+}$ complex, $[Ru(bipy)_2(dhbipy)]^{2+}$, (1) as sensitizer and phenothiazine derivative as electron donor was observed by XeCl excimer laser photolysis system. Thus the excited ruthenium complex would be quenched by phenothiazine derivative(PTD) reductively in the vesicle system. The quenching rate constant($K_Q$) of $Ru^{2+}$ with two long hydrocarbon chains in the vesicle by PTD was $9.6{\times}10^8M^{-1}S^{-1}$. The absorption decay kinetics showed that lifetime of phenothiazine derivative cation radical is a value in the 4-8m sec range.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 1996

Thermograms of methylene blue(MB) in $L-{\alpha}-lecithin$ vesicle and incorporated purple membrane vesicle(InPM) systems have been studied by photochemical reaction differential scanning calorimetry at $25{\sim}55^{\circ}C$. Phase transition temperatures of lecithin vesicle, purple membrane(PM), and InPM were found to be independent of illumination of light(436nm) at $39{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, but endothermic phase transition was found in InPM vesicle. In MB-InPM system, endothermic phase transition was found on unillumination of light at $40{\sim}42^{\circ}C$, but exothermic phase transition was found on steady illumination of light at $48{\sim}52^{\circ}C$. It was estimated that the light energy absorbed from MB on vesicular surface was transferred to PM, and the transferred energy was redistributed to hydrophobic site of membrane. Therefore, the exothermic phase transition was measured at high temperature because of the increased hydrophobicity of acyl chain.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2016

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicle is an extremely rare disorder, with only two cases reported in the English literature. Here, we present imaging findings of a case of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicle. On transrectal ultrasonography, the mass presented as a 3.0-cm-sized heterogeneous, hypoechoic lesion in the right seminal vesicle. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass with rim-like enhancement in the right seminal vesicle. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor showed iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneously intermediate-high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The tumor showed rim-like and progressive enhancement with non-enhancing portion on dynamic scanning. Diffusion restriction was observed in the mass. On fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging, a high standardized uptake value (maxSUV, 23.5) by the tumor was noted exclusively in the right seminal vesicle.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.3998-4002
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• 2012

With continuing progress of nanotechnologies and various applications of nanoparticles, one needs to develop a quick and fairly standard assessment tool to evaluate cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. However, much cytotoxicity studies on the interpretation of the interaction between nanoparticles and cells are non-mechanistic and time-consuming. Here, we propose a simple screening method for the analysis of the interaction between several AgNPs (5.3 to 64 nm) and fluorescence-dye containing vesicles ($12{\mu}m$) acting as a biomimetic cell-membrane. Fluorescence-dye containing vesicle was prepared using a fluorescence probe (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatryene), which was intercalated into the lipid bilayer due to their hydrophobicity. Zeta potential of all materials except for bare-AgNPs (+32.8 mV) was negative (-26 to -54 mV). The morphological change (i.e., rupture and fusion of vesicle, and release of dye) after mixing of the vesicle and AgNPs was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence image were different with coating materials and surface charge of x-AgNPs. In the results, we found that the surface charge of nanoparticles is the key factor for vesicle rupture and fusion. This proposed method might be useful for analyzing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles with cell-membranes instead of in vitro or in vivo cytotoxicity tests.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

Maintenance of adequate telomere length in developing cells is the most important concern to preserve the integrity of the genome. The length of telomere is strictly regulated by numerous telomere-binding proteins and/or interacting factors. Even though the expression of telomerase in the male reproductive tract has been characterized, developmental expressional profiling of telomerase and other telomere-associated proteins has not been determined in detail. The present study was attempted to examine expression patterns of catalytic subunit (Tert) and RNA component (Terc) of telomerase and two telomerase associated factors, telomerase associated protein 1 (Tep1) and TERF1 (TRF1) interacting nuclear factor 2 (Tinf2) in the testis and seminal vesicle of male rat during postnatal development. The real-time PCR analysis was utilized to quantify mRNA expression of molecules. The abundance of Tep1 mRNA in the testis and seminal vesicle was the highest at 5 months of age. Expressional fluctuation of Tinf2 during postnatal development was found in the testis, while expression of Tinf2 in the seminal vesicle was gradually increased until 5 months of age and then significantly decreased later. mRNA level of Tert gene in the testis was significantly increased at the adult and the elder, while the highest expression of Tert gene in the seminal vesicle was found at 5 months of age. Expression of Terc transcript in the testis and seminal vesicle was the highest at 5 months of age, followed by significant reduction at 1 and 2 years of ages. Such differential gene expression of telomere-associated factors and telomerase components in different male reproductive tissues during postnatal development indicates that maintenance of telomere length would be regulated in tissue- and/or age-specific manners.