• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.447-456
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• 2021

This study analyzed 28 domestic and foreign studies related Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets treatment techniques from 1984 to 2020 to prepare basic data for the development of PROMPT intervention programs and examination tools. According to the analysis, continuous research has been conducted since 1984 when the prompt study was first started, and the method of research was 16 intervention studies, with the highest number of speech disorders, and the target age being 3 to 5 years old, the most frequently conducted for infancy. The treatment was the most frequent in the 16th sessions, and the activities were based on the Motor Speech Hierarchy(MSH), except for the subjects of the non-verbal autism spectrum disorder. According to the analysis of the dependent variables, 'speech production' was the most common, followed by 'speech motor control', 'articulation', and 'speech intelligibility' were highest. Combined with all these studies, it suggests that PROMPT, which are directly useful for exercise spoken word production, are effectively being used outside the country and that it is necessary to develop a PROMPT program that can be applied domestically, in Korea.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.215-224
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• 2006

As the competition becomes more severe, the importance of brand confidence is coming to the front mainly because there has been a tendency of the customer for choosing a product or service in conjunction with the confidence. The concept of brand personality has formed as a result of various efforts for establishing a differentiated and confident brand image. The brand personality is regarded a useful mean for meeting objectives of a corporation for establishing a distinctive brand identity as well as customers for expressing their self-image. In line with the growing importance of the brand personality, researchers have attempted to measure it by various methods. However, most of researches were based on verbal and quantitative methods which take a long period of time and lots of efforts to analyze their results. Such methods also have limitations for visualizing the results. In this vein, this study aims to develop a new visible brand personality measurement system by utilizing the purpose-designed avatar. Major findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, the avatar can be an effective mean for visualizing the brand personality. As the avatar can visualize the personalities of human-beings through facial expressions, clothing, attitudes and movements, a specially designed avatar can express the brand personality. Secondly, types of the brand personality can be segregated into distinctive seven classes and such classes are used as guidelines for developing specially designed brand personality avatars. Thirdly, the purpose-designed brand personality avatar can be an effective mean for measuring the brand personality as a result of various tests for the validity. In condusion, avatar can be a more powerful tool than language for measuring the brand personality.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 1995

The so-called borderline children are characterised by disturbances in the sense of reality and interpersonal relationships, lack of control, fluctuation of functioning, uneven development and excessive anxiety. But the concept of borderline disorder of childhood is very difficult to define and diagnose in current classification system. The present study adapted the consensus symptoms in borderline children by Bemporad and Vera eight cases aged 7-11 were examined in 37 variables. Results are as follows 1) All subjects are boys and girl hardly be diagnosis n current diagnostic system and have many concurrent diagnoses. Common chief complaints in the sense of reality. 2) In KEDI-WISC test, the borderline children showed average intelligence, but performance IQ tends to be higher than verbal IQ. In Rorscharch test, they showed high thought disorder index, emotional instabilities and aggressive impulses. The results of TOVA suggested attentional deficit in half of the subjects. The organicity is not prominent. 3) Many of the borderline children were unwanted baby. Although primary care takers of all the subjects were their mothers there were moderate problems in caring attitude of their children and marital relationship with their husband. Sccioeconomic status was generally below middle class. Most of all subjects have delayed language development, but have overcome subsequently. Many subjects were rejected by peers because of their aggression. 4) The first visit of the subjects was about 6 years of age. Average duration of treatment was 2 years. All of them were treated in the outpatient basis except one. The effect of pharmacotherapy was doubtful and the necessity of long term play therapy was suggested. Although there were many limitations of method in present study, it was suggested that further research is needed for diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and treatment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.233-242
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate communication efficacy of advertisement text through audience responses. This study approached qualitatively to KT&G TV commercials. The research proceeded as follows: First, as background theory, studies on audience focusing advertisement criticism and the interpretation of advertising texts were reviewed. Secondly, the characteristics of the audiences of the advertisements, analyzed through in-depth individual interviews as well as group interviews, were incorporated into a broad theme and then divided into different dimensions. Finally, the audiences' decoding code and critic reponses in reading ambiguous advertising texts, and the interrelationship between strategic ambiguity were discussed under a unified model. The major findings of this study are as follows: In interpreting the ambiguous advertising texts, the audiences use various decoding codes such as language, visuals, technology and rhetoric, and various critic responses such as linguistic, macroscopic, schematic, non-verbal and socio-cultural factors, in quite comprehensive manner. Also, it was shown that audiences make use of different decoding strategies in terms of their recognition, reliability, emotional attitude, and behavior. It can therefore be concluded that the strategic ambiguity has its limit in explaining its effectiveness in the entire dimensions of recognition, emotional attitude, and behavior, in the sense that the strategic ambiguity is most effective in recognition while it invokes more negativity in the behavioral dimension. Finally, this empirical study, focusing on qualitative analyses, may have its limit as well; however, deeper statistic-qualitative studies in the future could compensate for it.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of creativity according to the type of brain dominance for deveoping pre-service early childhood teachers's creativity teacher education program. The subjects of this study were 210 pre-service early childhood teachers. The tests were conducted by using the Herrmann' BDI and TTCT: verbal. The study have applied Pearson product-moment correlation to find out relation between the type of brain dominance and creativity, and used multi-variate analysis to find out the difference of creativity according to the type of brain dominance. The results of the study are as follow; first, the upper left brain, lower left limb, and right brains had no relation to fluency, flexibility, originality and overall linguistic creativity. The lower right limb showed a positive correlation with fluency, flexibility, originality, and overall linguistic creativity. Second, the lower left, upper right lower, and lower right limb dominant teachers showed higher fluency, flexibility, originality and overall linguistic creativity than upper left neural dominant teachers. The result of analyzing the language creativity according to the type of brain dominance of the pre-service early childhood teachers will be used as a suggestion to develop the brain-based creativity teacher education program.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.43-74
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• 2020

This paper examines the epistemology of the body and the direction of Christian education based on it. Looking at Merleau-Ponty, Damagio, and Nelson's epistemology of the body, it found that they had a common point, even though they studied in different areas like philosophy, brain science, and body theology; the body is a subject that perceives the world in a sensuous and direct way, and is a channel that mediates humans and the world, and plays a decisive role in human self-formation. In particular, theology of body revealed, that the body is a pathway for our understanding of God just as a pathway for our understanding the world. In addition, theology of body revealed that the body is regarded as the place of 'embodiment of God', and in the end, the world in which our incarnated body participates should also become the place of 'God's incarnation'. It also examined Christian education based on the epistemology of the body, focusing on 'education starting from the senses', 'education as a participation', and 'incarnational education'. From these three concepts, it found that epistemology of body suggests an alternative view of traditional knowledge-based education or schooling education. It suggests an open paradigm centered on sense and experience, personal participation, non-verbal experience, and field of education, beyond a fixed and closed paradigm of doctrine-centered, objective knowledge mediation, language-centered, and content-centered. Furthermore, this paper found that the body is like a well that can pump up metaphors that provide a basic metaphor for re-conceptualizing Christian education.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2016

This study explored the cognitive characteristics and learning needs of economically disadvantaged gifted students. Gifted students(n=99), economically disadvantaged gifted students(n=43), and non-gifted students(n=50) participated in intelligence and creativity tests, and took self assessments of meta-cognition, epistemological beliefs, learning style preferences, and personal time usage. Superior abstract reasoning ability of economically disadvantaged gifted students was found because their scores on Raven's Test had risen rapidly compared to the other groups. Economically disadvantaged gifted students showed similar high scores as the gifted student on the Torrance Tests of Creativity Thinking-Figural, but not on Verbal. They were found to have a perception of the positive relationships among effort, learning abilities, and values of learning integrated knowledge with a general plan. However, they showed lower meta-cognitive control abilities than the gifted students in learning management and strategies, epistemological beliefs in value of rational operations, and time usage for learning. It is necessary to assign economically disadvantaged gifted students a task with various step by step methods of approach because these students prefer a new and creative task to difficult ones. Instruction plans such as developing language and meta-cognitive abilities and practical application of learning content was proposed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-150
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to explore the family as an interaction system, concentrating on the mutual influences between communication and family development; (1) how Communication patterns affect family relationships, and (2) how relationships among family members affect communication. In order to do this Galvin, Brommel used the following frame work; family is a system in which communication regulates cohesion and adaptability by a flow of message patterns through a defined network of evolving interdependent relationships. A family system consists of members, the relationships among them, the family attributes, the members attributes and an environment in which family functions. Within the framework of common cultural communication patterns, each family has the capacity to develop its own communication code based on the experiences of individual members and the collective family experience. Most of us develop our communication skills within the family context learning both the general cultural language and the specific familial communication code. Communication may be viewed as a symbolic, transactional process as the process of creating and sharing meanings. To say that communication is a process implies a continuous interaction of an indefinite large numbers of variables with a concomitant,. continuous change in the values taken by these variables. Finally the process implies change, Family functions include the primary functions of cohesion and adaptability, and supporting functions of family images, themes, boundaries, and biosocial issues. The primary functions reveal concepts integrated family interaction and supporting function, along with those of cohesion and adaptability, give shape to family life. the characteristics of developed relationships of richness, uniqueness efficiency, substitutability, pacing , openness spontaneity, and evaluation are reflected in the verbal and nonverbal behaviors with which family members negotiated a set of common meanings and develop thier own unique message system. The message system is the major element of communication process and influences both the form and the content of thier relationship and in create and share meanings. Family systems need to provide order and predictability for thier members, specifically focusing on communication rules and the networks by which messages are transmitted. Most rules emerge as a result of multiful interactions. There are basic rules and rules about rules, or metarules. Perceiving the rules of family system is very difficult because often family members don't think about the basic rules, much less the metarules. Breaking the rule may result in the creation of a new set because the system may recalibrate itself to accept more variety of behavior. Families develop communication networks to deal with the general issue. Family adaptability may be seen through the degree of flexibility in forming and reforming networks and networks become a vital part of the decision- making process and relate to the power dynamics operating within the family. Networks also play an integral part in maintaining the roles and rules operating with the family system. Thus networks and rules have mutual influence. The family -of -origin issues influence all aspects of family communication and account for many of the communication patterns, rules and networks and the role of the family -of-origin influences as a primary force for communication on behavior of newly forming systems. Each family system develops its own communication meanings. There is not one right way to communicate within a family but may be indefinitly large change of family life and communication behavior. Study on functional family communication helps to gain a better understanding of dynamics of family communication and ability of a new insight into the family.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.672-680
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• 2017

Today the distribution of characters in the consumer market based on digital smart phones is expanding, and the characters themselves are sold with independent merchandise, also various application researches about character are being activated. However, depending on the style of worker 's work on the design process of Korea and China regarding characters, there are differences in design characteristics and the diversity of work. In this study, we attempted to investigate the implications of these designers on the development of creative character design through in-depth research and experiment. Therefore, previous researches of cognitive science were investigated and cognitive experiments were conducted on design process for experts. For this research experiment, the initial sketch stage in the character work of Korea and China was recorded by the method of the designer by the subject through the protocol analysis method which is the qualitative research method. We coded the collected language based on this recording experiment and analyzed the problem behavior. We examined how the cognitive acts are done by the designer to develop the characters. The behavior characteristics and the accidental characteristics. The differences of the behavioral characteristics and the accidental characteristics in each step of the character design process were identified. Through these cognitive experiments, we could examine the behavior analysis of the design thinking process in Korea and China. In the field of design practice, we can set the direction of the design work process of the two countries and help us to produce creative and individual results. I think. These studies are expected to contribute to practical application of product marketing and new cooperation development methods in terms of activation of character industry in the future.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.555-562
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• 2016

Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) is to determine the semantic relation of a predicate and its argu-ments in a sentence. But Korean semantic role labeling has faced on difficulty due to its different language structure compared to English, which makes it very hard to use appropriate approaches developed so far. That means that methods proposed so far could not show a satisfied perfor-mance, compared to English and Chinese. To complement these problems, we focus on suffix information analysis, such as josa (case suffix) and eomi (verbal ending) analysis. Korean lan-guage is one of the agglutinative languages, such as Japanese, which have well defined suffix structure in their words. The agglutinative languages could have free word order due to its de-veloped suffix structure. Also arguments with a single morpheme are then labeled with statistics. In addition, machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Condi-tional Random Fields (CRF) are used to model SRL problem on arguments that are not labeled at the suffix analysis phase. The proposed method is intended to reduce the range of argument instances to which machine learning approaches should be applied, resulting in uncertain and inaccurate role labeling. In experiments, we use 15,224 arguments and we are able to obtain approximately 83.24% f1-score, increased about 4.85% points compared to the state-of-the-art Korean SRL research.