• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1055-1076
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the flow of teacher-student verbal interactions and the types of discourse in the science gifted classes of three effective teachers. The three effective teacher were recommended by the expert of a gifted education or science education expert. A participant observation was carried out in their classes, and all the classes were videotaped. The collected videotape materials were transcribed, and Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories and an AF program were utilized to analyze the video clips. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there was no specific flow of verbal interactions in the classes provided by the effective gifted teachers, but the kind of positive verbal interaction that the students responded diversely to their questions or lectures took place. Second, the most prevalent type of utterance in the classes of them was lecturing, and the remark of direction and criticism scarcely took place. And lots of non-directive remarks were found such as emotional acceptance, praise, encouragement or acceptance of ideas. As a result, the effective science gifted teachers made more nondirective remarks such as emotional acceptance, praise, encouragement and acceptance of ideas than directive remarks such as direction or criticism, and their non-directive remark made it possible to elicit more extensive responses from their students.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-319
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the verbal interactions of earth science gifted depending on their communications structures and group status in small group activities. To this end, a small group activity was conducted to measure the density of the earth, and 8 small groups were selected, including 4 co-ownership type and 4 monopolistics type groups with different communication structures. And then, the framework was developed for analyzing verbal interactions to compare the differences in characteristics between small groups. The results are as follows. First, regardless of the communication structures, there were showing a simple pingpong-type communication structures for all small groups. Second, negative interactions such as 'restraint', 'command', 'complaint', and 'lack of confidence' predominantly appeared in all small groups. Third, the students in the status of out-lookers in small groups were mainly verbal interactions, such as instructing the other person, acting against the other person's actions, and expressing dissatisfaction with the attitudes and abilities of members. Therefore, teachers should guide students to use higher-level verbal interactions in their group activities in small group activities, and engage in students communication to prevent negative interactions from occurring. The teachers also need to check the level of achievement for students in the status of out-lookers in advance and guide them to participate more actively in small group activities. This study is meaningful in that it can be sued to design teaching and learning to improve students' problem solving and communication skills.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2007

Social and psychological experiences in human-agent interactions are becoming more important than the task-oriented efficiency, as the influence of computer agents increases and human-agent interaction develops similarly with interpersonal interaction. Many previous studies aimed to increase social presence in human-agent interaction, in order to derive users' positive psychological experiences, by applying the factors of interpersonal communication to verbal and non-verbal communication of the agents. This study examined the effects of the exchanges of mutual self-disclosure, one of the most important communication acts in interpersonal communication, between users and interface agents. Users' attachment styles towards the perception of social presence, the evaluations toward the agents, user experiences, and the intentions for future interaction were also studied. The mediating role of social presence in dependent variables was, also, examined in this research. The results showed that exchanging self-disclosures with an agent increased the perceptions of social experience, friendly evaluations toward the agent, positive user experience, and the intentions for future interaction. Participants' attachment styles, also, affected the perceptions of the dependent variables. The effects of the exchanges of self-disclosure and participants' attachment styles were mediated by perceived social presence toward the agent. The findings of this study imply that the social and communicational aspects need to be considered in design of the agents seriously. The results also suggest that there may be differences in the psychological effects of agents on users according to the users' personality.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.9-12
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• 2016

This paper is concerned with the effective and efficient identification of the gender and motion of humans. Tracking this nonverbal behavior is useful for providing clues about the interaction of different types of people and their exact motion. This system can also be useful for security in different places or for monitoring patients in hospital and many more applications. Here we describe a novel method of determining identity using machine learning with Microsoft Kinect. This method minimizes the fitting or overlapping error between an ellipsoid based skeleton.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1886-1888
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• 2002

Non-verbal information plays an important role not only in human-to-human communications but also in human computer interaction. In this paper, we examine effects of human-like agent's primitive movements on user's impression, where the human-like agent's primitive movements include eye, mouth, and head. SD (Semantic Differential) method was used for evaluation, and two factors were extracted as a result of the factor analysis. It is found that the first factor influenced the user's impression particularly.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral responses to a robot pet in pre-school children. Method: This activity for children was conducted for 5 days at a kindergarten and each session lasted 30 minutes. In order to measure children's temperament, Chun Heeyoung's Temperament Rating Scale was used. In addition, to investigate the behavioral responses to a robot pet, each session was videotaped. The videotape data was analyzed according to child-robot interaction. Result: On the average, subjects scored highest in emotionality and lowest in activity for the temperamental subscale. The videotape data revealed verbal, positive nonverbal, and negative nonverbal interaction. Conclusions: These results suggest that child-robot interaction reflects temperamental characteristics, therefore, to develop a nursing intervention program using a robot, it is necessary to consider individual differences and recreational factors to grab children's interest.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a maternal self-efficacy promotion program for Korean primiparas on maternal confidence and mother-infant interaction. Method: This study was non-equivalent quasi-experimental research with a control group selected by purposive sampling. Based on Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory, the research team developed the maternal self-efficacy promotion program. The program included achievement experiences, verbal persuasion, and vicarious experiences. The program was provided through face-to-face teaching at the time of discharge, counseling sessions over the telephone, and a home visit. Subjects also learned about parenting skills using a videotape developed by the research team. Sixteen primiparas were recruited to the experimental group at one hospital in Kyongi province, and fifteen primiparas who were matched according to socioeconomic status were recruited to the control group at a postpartum care center in the same province. Results: Subjects in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher maternal confidence and mother-infant interaction than those in the control group. Conclusion: The maternal self-efficacy promotion program appears to be an effective nursing intervention for parenting of first-time mothers in Korea.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.444-455
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• 2005

Purpose: This study examined the efficacy of parent training interventions to facilitate social reciprocity and language development in children with autism. Methods: The social interaction behaviors of mothers and children over time were compared using single subject design experimentation methodology. five children who were diagnosed with autism and their mothers participated in the study. The participants were recruited from U city, Korea. The mothers were trained using training videotapes and demonstrations on how to facilitate social interaction with their children as well as promoting language development. following the training, data were collected three times per week by video taping mother-child interaction in their homes. Results: Four of the five mothers demonstrated increases in the use of imitation with animation and expectant waiting after the intervention compared to the baseline sessions; the children demonstrated noticeable increases in the use of initiation of interaction, vocalizations, and verbal production after their mothers received the training intervention. Conclusion : Results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of mother training to improve social interactions of children with autism. Additional important information can be gained by replicating this study with more participants and comparing intervention and control groups. Clearly, this intervention shows promise and has implications far clinical practice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.14-25
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore what are the interactive factors of synchronous online education in university and identify the level of interaction. This study used mixed research method. As a result of the interaction level, it was recognized that face-to-face education could be more interactive than synchronous online education. Synchronous online education could have better interactive between instructor and learner, and among learners than asynchronous online education. Factors which influencing the interaction were as follows: small group activities and scaffolding, diversification of communication channels and integration of learner's question in learning content. Detrimental elements were distance felt between instructor and learners, low intimacy among learners, content-focused lecture, restrictions on non-verbal communication, unstable systems and misusing microphones. The necessary factors to promote interaction are planning interactive class activities, etc. Based on the results, it was to suggest what kinds of efforts are needed to make interaction more effective in terms of teaching and learning method & activity, tool & system, and environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.181-192
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• 2015

Nonverbal immediacy plays a key role in interpersonal communication, inducing closeness and another interaction. This case study investigates the nonverbal behaviors in Human-Robot Interaction(HRI) focusing on immediacy, and how they affect perception of a robot. The results show that nonverbal immediacy, such as nodding and leaning forward, affect perceived interactivity. Nonverbal immediacy can be interpreted their meaning clearly when verbal feedback or other communication channel reinforcing them. Also, touch is found to affect come up with similar ones to the robot, because it is associated with concrete and discrete context. People tend to apply social rules to the robot, but they are more open to the unfamiliar robot compared to strangers. The findings in this study provide future HRI studies with heuristic implications by showing a direction and clarifying principles for composition of verbal and nonverbal expression.