• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

In modern business organization, the most important strategic factor in maintaining competitive advantage in business is to manage and utilize human resources effectively, which has eventually increased workload and psychological pressure in organizations. And research show that increased workload and psychological pressure has produced various tensions in business organizations, and it appears that those tensions have increased the workplace aggressive behavior among employees. In various types of aggressive behavior, this study focuses on verbal aggression. The study also attempts to find out the relationships among verbal aggression, job involvement, and turnover intention among administrative workers in colleges from May 20 to May 26, 2015. Summary of the research result is as follows. First of all, the study shows that verbal aggression directly increases the employee turnover intention.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.199-213
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between the home literacy activities, mothers' verbal behavior, toddler-mother joint attention and the language-cognitive development of toddlers. The language-cognitive development of toddlers was assessed by means of the Mental Scale from the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The home literacy activities were measured by means of the questionnaire used by You (2009), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979). Lee & Kim (2004)'s categories was used to observe the mothers' verbal behaviors during shared book reading; joint attention episodes were observed by classification categories for engagement condition (Bakeman & Adamson, 1984). One of the more important conclusions of this study is our suggestion that mothers' verbal behaviors and the toddler-mother coordinated joint attention were significantly related to the language-cognitive development of toddlers as it takes place within low-income families.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of toddlers' vocabulary ability with reading activities and teachers' verbal and nonverbal behaviors during book reading. The subjects were 52 teachers and 104 toddlers at age 2. Lee and Kim (2004)'s categories of the Teachers' Verbal Behaviors, the categories of the Nonverbal Behavioral Analysis(Kim. 2005), and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Kim, et al.1995) were used. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Correlations. The results indicated that there were significant correlations in the subcategories of reading activities in classrooms, teachers' picture book reading behaviors, and toddler's vocabulary ability. The toddler's vocabulary ability increased as the 'interacting time both before and after book reading' became longer. The toddler's vocabulary ability increased as 'connecting with previous experience', 'asking questions for confirmation', 'acknowledging,' and 'expanding' of verbal behavior, as well as the nonverbal behavior, such as 'requesting behavior', 'emotional contact,' and 'empathetic behavior.' In conclusion, teachers' reading behaviors and activities were related to toddlers' vocabulary ability.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among infants' nonverbal communication, maternal verbal behaviors and the infants' acquisition of vocabulary. The subjects were 93 pairs of 10 to 18 months old infants and their mothers residing in the Seoul and GyeongGi-Do area. The results were as follows : (1) In terms of the infants' nonverbal communicative means, it appeared that the group of 16~18 month olds utilized more gesture and vocalization. As regards the infants' nonverbal communicative functions in terms of social behavior and joint attention, the group of 16~18 month olds was found to perform more of the behaviors from this category than the other groups. There was a significant difference in the maternal verbal behavior among the different age groups. (2) Among the infants' nonverbal communicative means, gesture and vocalization, there appeared to be a significant relationship between vocalization and the infants' acquisition of vocabulary. In addition, there was an important relationship between the high usage of infants' nonverbal communicative functions with behavior regulation and the high usage of joint attention and the successful acquisition of vocabulary among infants. (3) Social play, which is a maternal verbal behavior categorized as one of the strategies for getting infants' attention, was significantly related to the acquisition of infants' vocabulary. (4) When mothers used more imitating sounds and mimetic words, requests for information, descriptions, conventional social expressions, and imitation to enhance responsiveness, infants were found to have acquired a larger vocabulary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

This study investigated the relationships between experiencing verbal violence and the emotional responses and coping behaviors of dental hygienists who worked in Jeonju between February 24 and March 18, 2017 to prepare strategies for managing verbal violence and establish a healthy working environment for dental hygienists. The following findings were obtained in this study. The dental hygienists primarily experienced verbal violence from patients and guardians (1.67 points). The most common verbal violence type was, "Someone treated me impolitely." The most common emotional response to verbal violence was "anger" (3.52 points). The coping style of most dental hygienists was problem-focused coping (3.28 points), followed by emotion-focused coping (2.75 points). Most hygienists with the problem-focused coping style stated that they resolve the problem through dialogue (3.51 points), while most hygienists with the emotion-focused coping style responded that they just ignore the situation (3.78 points). The relationship between experiencing verbal violence and the emotional responses and coping behaviors of dental hygienists showed a statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with emotional responses and problem- and emotion-focused coping associated with experiencing verbal violence from dentists, patients, and guardians. These findings confirm the need to reduce verbal violence, control emotional responses after exposure to verbal violence, and use more problem-focused coping measures. Dental hygienists must develop interpersonal skills and communication techniques and promote professionalism in their workplace to protect themselves from verbal violence at work.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.282-295
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• 2018

Hair style allows consumers to express their aesthetic sense and individual beauty. However, due to the attributes of hairdressing services and the high expectations of consumers, complaints are increasing rapidly. This study examined the complaint behavior, compensation and hair salon patronage of consumers. Then, a model is presented that explains the complaint behavior for hairstyling, forms of compensation, and hair salon patronage through empirical analysis. This study was conducted by a survey method. A total of 399 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical software. The dimension of complaint behavior for hair style included verbal complaints, non-verbal complaints in the salon and private complaints outside the salon. The forms of compensation included re-procedure, psychological, and material compensation. Hair salon patronage was one-dimensional. These results were obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then the conceptual model was empirically analyzed by covariance structure analysis and obtained in final form through model modification. Verbal complaint behavior positively influenced re-procedure compensation. In addition, non-verbal complaint behavior had positive effects on psychological and material compensation. Hair salon patronage was positively affected by re-procedure and psychological compensation. However, private complaint behavior had a negative effect on hair salon patronage. The direct and indirect effects of the paths among variables were verified by analyzing the mediating effects of different forms of compensations. It is possible to establish differentiated marketing strategies with these findings for consumers with complaint behaviors by considering the forms of compensation.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.45-71
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• 2011

This study aims at reviewing the effect of the non-verbal communication of salespersons at service encounter on customers' non-verbal communication and responses. The previous studies overlooked the correlation between salespersons' non-verbal communication and customers' non-verbal communication at service encounter, although non-verbal communication of salespersons has potentialities evoking customers' non-verbal communication and emotional responses in various ways. If it is a salesperson who a customer first encounters within a shop, the non-verbal communication of salesperson affects his/her non-verbal communication and these non-verbal communication affect his/her emotional responses, and these emotional responses affect his/her behavior. This phenomenon is based on the theory of emotional contagion, mimic, and face feedback. Therefore the non-verbal communication such as greetings, postures and eye-contact manners through the personal interactions between salespersons and customers, can be said to be an antecedent variable which affects the positive responses of customer. As a result of the study, the kinesic of salesperson's non-verbal communication was found to affect customers' non-verbal communication, and customers' non-verbal communication affect emotional responses experienced at service encounter, and customers' positive emotion affect customers' behavior responses. This result provides an opportunity which makes one turn eyes on salespersons' non-verbal communication at sales encounter both practically and scientifically, through introducing salespersons' non-verbal communication as an important factor which can enhance customers' positive responses but has been passed over by the previous studies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.367-376
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• 1999

When 37 7th-graders learned science in cooperative learning environments, their small-group processes were audio/video taped. The verbal behaviors that appeared in cooperative learning processes were categorized, and the relationships between verbal behaviors and academic achievement were investigated. Students' verbal behaviors were classified into learning behaviors and management behaviors. Learning behaviors were further coded into giving help. reading problem, and asking help. Giving help was the most frequent behavior among the categories. In studying zero-order correlation between verbal behaviors and academic achievement, giving help and reading problem were found to have positive relationships with academic achievement. Giving specific content, which is a subcategory of giving help. showed the closest correlation with academic achievement. In studying partial correlation between verbal behaviors and the improvement of academic achievement, only application subtest score. which demands higher-order thinking, was positively related with some verbal behaviors including giving specific content.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.265-282
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• 1996

This study investigated the relation between parents' verbal control modes and children's maladjustment. The subjects were 445 mothers and their children of sixth grade in elementary schools located in Seoul. To assess the parents' verbal control modes, questionnaire developed by Lee Kyung Hee(1993) was used. The modified version of Achenbach and Edelbrock's CBCL(Child Behavior Checklist) was administered to assess the children's maladjustment. The results were as follows : 1)Significant differences were found in parents' verbal control modes in terms of children's sex difference and social status level. 2) Significant differences were found in children's maladjustment in terms of children's sex difference and social status level. 3) There was a significant correlation between father's verbal control modes and children's maladjustment. Children's maladjustment was related positively to imperative mode and negatively to the person-oriented and position-oriented modes. The best variable explaining girl's maladjustment was father's position-oriented modes. 4) The negative impact of father's imperative mode in combination with the mother's imperative mode on the children's adjustment was greater than other combinations of the father and mother's verbal control modes.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for studying contemporary family violence, and to examine self-differentiation and trait-anxiety levels of urban-area housewives. The 207 subjects were married and living in urban areas. The statistical analyses used for this data were frequency, percentile, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple-regression. The main results obtained from this study were as follows: 1) Period of the family violence is 6-10 years, the main forms of violent behavior are kicking and punching, and the most violently abused wives want to divorce their husbands. 2) The self-differentiation level is 2.78, the verbal violence level is 2.06, the physical violence level is 2.06, and the trait-anxiety level is 2.49. 3) The degree of self-differentiation differed according to level of wife's education, husband's education, type of residence, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 4) The degree of violence differed according to level of wife's education, husband's education, type of residence, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 5) The degree of trait-anxiety differed according to level of husband's education, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 6) Wife's occupation, intellectual function vs. emotional function, family projection, verbal aggression behavior influenced on trait- anxiety.