• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the vegetation structure of the Corylopsis coreana habitats in South Korea and their correlation with environmental factors, in order to provide basic data for preparing conservation. A total of 40 vegetation survey plots were established in around Southern region, Gangwon-do and Gyeonggi-do Province. The cluster analysis revealed four distinct clusters: Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora (QmPd), Castanea crenata (Cc), Quercus mongolica (Qm), and Pinus koraiensis (Pk). Among them, the QmPd cluster was selected as the representative community. Soil texture analysis that most areas consisted of loamy soil and were distributed on the northern aspects. The plantation, represented by Pk, exhibited a high content of exchangeable aluminum (5.227±0.342 mg/kg), suggesting the need for soil improvement and monitoring in these habitats. The canopy openness (forest gap) ranged from 11% to 21%, indicating a relatively closed canopy in many survey plots. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated heterogeneous species composition between the QmPd cluster and the Pk cluster (total R² = 0.608).

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2008

서울 남동부에 위치한 도시하천인 양재천의 복원구간에서 7년간 식물상과 식생 분포 및 구조의 변화를 모니터링하였다. 1998년 가을부터 1999년 봄까지 복원구간에서 다양한 친자연 하천복원기법이 채택되어 시공되었다. 복원시공 7년후에 복원구간의 식물종수와 다양도지수는 비복원구간보다 높았다. 그러나 1999-2001년 사이의 복원후 초기단계로부터 복원후 7년까지는 다양도지수는 감소하였다. 우점종은 황무지식물인 환삼덩굴로부터 다년생인 갈대로 변화하였다. 복원공사에 의하여 새로 형성된 교란지에 식재되거나 도입된 종과 외래 혹은 황무지 식물이 복원공사 후 감소됨에 따라서 주요인분석의 결과에서 복원후 초기와 7년후 식물상 구조가 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 복원 시공 후에 시간이 경과함에 따라서 환삼덩굴과 망초 군집의 분포면적은 감소하였고 갈대와 물억새 군집의 면적이 증가하였다. 식물 군집의 DCA(detrended correspondence analysis) 결과에서 복원공사후 교란된 식생에서 안정된 자연식생으로 변화하였다. 복원구간에서 총 7종의 버드나무가 발견되었는데, 이중 2종은 식재된 것이고 나머지는 자연적으로 유입된 것이었다. 모니터링 결과로부터 양재천 복원구간에서 식물상과 식생구조는 성공적으로 회복이 되었으며 이 구간이 도시하천에서 하천복원의 모델 장소가 될 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study's purpose was to provide basic data for the monitoring of ecological changes caused by change of vegetation structure of Abies koreana forest in a study site susceptible to climatic change in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, Jeju Island. Surveys revealed this: in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, per 1 ha of A. koreana forests, total number 1,781, and A. koreana number 989, accounting for 55.5% of the total number of trees. 190 A. koreana or 19.2% were found to be dead. For the number of individual trees by DBH, trees standing 5 cm - 10 cm tall formed the largest portion at 39.9%, and in the case of other trees except A. koreana, the number of individual trees below 5 cm accounted for 23.5% of the total number of trees. The survey of importance by height revealed this: at the top level, the importance of A. koreana was the highest at 106.23, but the sum of importance of temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees (Prunus maximowiczii, Quercus mongolica, and Taxus cuspidata) was higher at 142.84 than that of A. koreana. The analysis of species diversity revealed 0.645 species diversity for the tree layer and 0.817 for the shrub layer; for evenness, 0.549 for the tree layer and 0.664 for the shrub layer; for dominance value; 0.451 for the tree layer and 0.336 for the shrub layer. The analysis of tree vitality revealed that for the A. koreana forests in Yeongsil, the composition ratio of A. koreana by type is AS type>AL type>DS type>DB type, and that of the other trees is AL type>AS type>AF type>AB type. Compared with the forests in other areas, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area have a very high occurrence rate of dead trees, and a high importance of trees is shown in the deciduous broad-leaved tree forests. Compared with the A. koreana forests in the Jindallaebat area, with the same level above sea, the vegetation structures are fast changing. Also, due to dryness and other non-physical environmental changes caused by a lack of rainwater and dry winds in winter, dead trees are fast increasing in number. Environmental changes such as climate change diversely affect the maintenance of A. koreana in individual areas, and if environmental changes are fast and continue long, of the A. koreana forest areas in the Hallasan Mountain, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area will decrease fastest in number and will experience changes in the vegetation structure. Thus, it is necessary to survey the vegetation changes in A. koreana forests, which are distributed in all directions but are centered on Hallasan Mountain, and to thus conduct long-term monitoring and research.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2013

남극 세종 과학 기지가 위치하고 있는 바톤반도는 눈과 식생이 주를 이루고 있고, 기후변화와 같은 환경변화에 민감하게 반응한다. 극지역의 지표 모니터링은 기후변화 이해를 위해 중요하다. 그러나 극 지역은 접근성 및 공간규모로 인해 지속적으로 모니터링 하기에 어려움이 있다. 위성영상은 지속적으로 동일지역을 모니터링 할 수 있다는 장점과 함께 다중분광영역을 이용하여 지표의 상태를 파악하는데 효율적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바톤반도의 지표의 상태를 지속적으로 모니터링하기 위한 기초자료로 KOMPSAT-2 다중 분광 위성영상을 이용하여 토지피복분류를 수행하였고, 나아가 분류된 토지피복 중 식생 종의 분포를 파악하였다. 다중분광영상인 KOMPSAT-2 위성영상과 현장관측자료를 이용하여 계층적 분류를 수행하였고 정확도를 평가하였다. 전반적으로 식생지역과 비식생 지역이 명확하게 분류되었으나 식생 종 분류에는 낮은 정확도를 보였다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1996

원격탐사 기법은 식생 및 토지이용과 같은 지형 조건과 관련된 광역 증발산량을 산정하기 위한 하나의 수단으로 이용될 수 있다. 지면으로부터의 증발산량을 지배하는 인자로는 기온, 습도, 바람, 일사량, 토양조건 등 매우 복잡하게 구성된다. 식생은 그 지점의 증발산량에 영향을 주고 있으며, 증발산량을 지배하는 인자는 식생에 강한 영향을 받고 있다. 따라서 증발산량과 식생조건 사이에는 강한 상관관계가 성립함을 예상할 수 있다. 어느 임의의 지점에서의 식생조건을 파악하기 위하여 NOAA/AVHRR data로부터 얻을 수 있는 NDVI를 이용함으로서 증발산량과 NDVI사이의 강한 상관관계를 생각할 수 있다. 여기서, 증발산량과 NDVI의 관계를 이용하여 직접 실제 증발산량을 산정할 수 있는 방법을 개발한다. 이 방법을 이용하여 지상의 자료가 충분하게 얻어지지 않는 북한 지역을 포함한 한반도 전역에 대한 증발산량의 분포를 파악할 수 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.423-438
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• 2008

BEIS2 (Biogenic Emissions Inventory System version 2) and BEIS3.12 (BEIS version 3.12) were used to estimate hourly biogenic emissions over South Korea using a set of vegetation and meteorological data simulated with the MM5 (Mesoscale Model version 5). Two biogenic emission models utilized different emission factors and showed different responses to solar radiations, resulting in about $10{\sim}20%$ difference in the nationwide isoprene emission estimates. Among the 11-vegetation classes, it was found that mixed forest and deciduous forest are the most important vegetation classes producing isoprene emissions over South Korea comprising ${\sim}90%$ of the total. The simulated isoprene concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area show that diurnal and daily variations match relatively well with the PAMS (Photochemical Air Monitoring Station) measurements during the period of June 3${\sim}$June 10, 2004. Compared to BEIS2, BEIS3.12 yielded ${\sim}35%$ higher isoprene concentrations during daytime and presented better matches to the high peaks observed over the Seoul area. This study showed that the importance of vegetation data and emission factors to estimate biogenic emissions. Thus, it is expected to improve domestic vegetation categories and emission factors in order to better represent biogenic emissions over South Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2010

The primary purposes for using fire are to enhance marsh vegetation to support waterfowl, and to manage invasive plant species. The study was conducted for two consecutive years in 2004 and 2005, investigating the effects of prescribed fire regimes on vegetation biomass in tidal brackish marsh areas of the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge located on the eastern shore of Maryland, USA, that are under relatively similar environmental conditions. Four different burn regimes (i.e., annual burn, 3-5 year burn, 7-10 year burn, and no burn) were applied in the study. Above- and below-ground vegetation biomass samples as affected by the different burn regimes were harvested in each year for five plant species native to the marsh; Distichlis spicata, Spartina alterniflora, Schoenoplectus americanus, Spartina cynosuroides and Spartina patens. No significant difference was found either in total above-ground biomass or in above-ground biomass by species between burn regimes in 2004. However, more total above-ground biomass was produced in annual burn regime in 2005 than in the other burn regimes. There were no consistent effects of burning on vegetative biomass production by species, but it seemed D. spicata was somewhat benefited by prescribed burning for its biomass production. Moreover, the stem density for D. spicata under annual burn regime was significantly higher than that in the other burn regimes, showing some positive effects of burning on vegetation. The below-ground biomass was significantly greater in 2004 than in 2005, yet with no significant difference between burn regimes in either year. A longer-term monitoring is strongly recommended.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

본 조사는 2009년부터 2011년까지 전라북도 순창군과 전남 담양군 일대에 강천산 군립공원의 식생 현황을 조사하였다. 강천산 군립공원의 식생은 총 28개의 식생자료를 바탕으로 9개의 군락으로 분류되었으며, 주요 삼림식생은 산지낙엽활엽수림인 굴참나무군락 및 졸참나무-굴참나무군락, 산지침엽수림은 소나무군락, 소나무-굴참나무군락, 소나무-상수리나무군락 및 솜대군락으로 나타났다. 습지식생은 갯버들군락, 고마리군락, 달뿌리풀군락 등이 나타났다. 강천산 군립공원은 기암괴석, 폭포, 계곡 등이 어우러져 자연경관이 우수하며, 산지계곡습지에 분포하는 특정식물군락 서식지가 잘 보전되어 있다. 강천산군립공원 내에 자생하고 있는 소나무군락, 백양꽃군락 및 석산군락 조성지를 중심으로 장기모니터링을 실시함으로서 주요 군락의 생태적 서식지 변화에 대한 특성을 파악하여, 적극적인 보전, 복원, 홍보 방안 마련이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

Recently there have been increasing demands and desire for the urban open space due to urban development or environmental deterioration. Urban natural parks in Seoul provide citizens with comfortable open space and thus play an important role as learning spaces to experience nature and understand the environment. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze existing vegetation and provide basic data for the conservation and management plans of urban natural parks and education programs. The contents of the study encompass natural environment such as topography, altitude, slope and aspect and botanical ecosystem including the structure of plant communities and tree growth. According to the result of topography analysis, the overall altitude was not high but the slope was relative steep. Vegetation of Seoo Royal Tomb, a urban natural park has been classified into 12 types, and they include; Quercus acutissima community(lowland type), Quercus acutissima community(valley type), quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Castanea crenata community, Capinus laxiflora community, Pinus densiflora community(lowland type), Pinus densiflora community(slope type), Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Populos$\times$albaglandulosa community, Pinus rigida community, and Pinus koraiensis community. Based on the survey and analysis results, we have classified the study area into conservation, buffer, and utilization zones for the effective management. This study provides basic data to support the establishment of master plans for urban natural parks by analyzing vegetation conditions at Seoo Royal Tomb, an urban natural park, Based on the results presented in the study, consistent monitoring work needs to be conducted, and elaborate management plans also should be prepared.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2021

The study examined the influence of climate and soil dynamics on vegetation health across the ecological zones in Rivers State, Nigeria. MODIS imagery was used to assess the vegetation health through NDVI and point grid pattern of meteorological data for total precipitation (TP), air temperature (AT), soil moisture (SM) and soil temperature (ST) of 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 were used for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings showed that NDVI ranged between 0.420 and 0.612 in the freshwater swamp (FWS) while between 0.465 and 0.611 in the rainforest and the NDVI in the mangrove was generally low. The highest mean AT was experienced in the mangrove ecological zone and the least was experienced in the rainforest. The mean SM was generally highest in the rainforest with highest value in 2000 (774.44 m³/m³). The ST was highest in the mangrove and the least was experienced in the rainforest while the TP was highest in the mangrove. NDVI correlated significantly with SM (r=0.720; p<0.05) and ST (r= -0.493; p<0.05). NDVI, SM, TP and ST significantly varied among the ecological zones. Regression analysis showed that vegetation health was significantly related to the combination of soil temperature and soil moisture (R²=0.641; p=0.000). Thus, monitoring the factors that affect vegetation health in a changing climate and soil environments is highly required.