• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2012

본 연구에서는, 철로(railway track)의 공명현상을 제어할 수 있는 침목(sleeper) 간격의 최적화에 대한 이론적 고찰을 소개한다. 이러한 현상을 제어하기 위해 목적함수가 파동 투과율(wave transmittance) 그리고 설계변수가 침목 분포인 최소화 문제를 제안한다. 해석에서 철제 궤도(rail)은 티모셴코(Timoshenko) 빔, 침목은 질량으로 표현하였다. 무한 철로는 유한한 최적설계 영역의 양 끝단에 투과경계조건(transmitting boundary)를 부여함으로써 구현하였다. 수치예제를 통하여 침목의 간격에 따른 투과율의 감소의 효과를 살펴보았다. 또한, 하모닉(harmonic) 하중 하에서 응답해석을 통한 진동의 제어 관점에서 제안된 방법의 적합성을 보였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2015

This paper presents a nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) scheme with a variable damping ratio for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). First, a nonlinear sliding surface whose parameters change continuously with time is designed. Actually, the proposed SMC has the ability to reduce the settling time without an overshoot by giving a low damping ratio at the initial time and a high damping ratio as the output reaches the desired setpoint. At the same time, it enables a fast convergence in finite time and eliminates the singularity problem with the upper bound of an uncertain term, which cannot be measured in practice, by using a simple adaptation law. To improve the efficiency of a system in the constant torque region, the control system incorporates the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) algorithm. The stability of the nonlinear sliding surface is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, a simple sliding mode observer is used to estimate the load torque and system uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear SMC scheme is verified using comparative experimental results of the linear SMC scheme when the speed reference and load torque change under system uncertainties. From these experimental results, the proposed nonlinear SMC method reveals a faster transient response, smaller steady-state speed error, and less sensitivity to system uncertainties than the linear SMC method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2011

Bacterial assimilation of $CO_2$ into stable biomolecules using electrochemical reducing power may be an effective method to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ without fossil fuel combustion. For the enrichment of the $CO_2$-fixing bacteria using electrochemical reducing power as an energy source, a cylinder-type electrochemical bioreactor with a built-in anode compartment was developed. A graphite felt cathode modified with neutral red (NR-graphite cathode) was used as a solid electron mediator to induce bacterial cells to fix $CO_2$ using electrochemical reducing power. Bacterial $CO_2$ consumption was calculated based on the variation in the ratio of $CO_2$ to $N_2$ in the gas reservoir. $CO_2$ consumed by the bacteria grown in the electrochemical bioreactor (2,000 ml) reached a maximum of approximately 1,500 ml per week. Time-coursed variations in the bacterial community grown with the electrochemical reducing power and $CO_2$ in the mineral-based medium were analyzed via temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) of the 16S rDNA variable region. Some of the bacterial community constituents noted at the initial time disappeared completely, but some of them observed as DNA signs at the initial time were clearly enriched in the electrochemical bioreactor during 24 weeks of incubation. Finally, Alcaligenes sp. and Achromobacter sp., which are capable of autotrophically fixing $CO_2$, were enriched to major constituents of the bacterial community in the electrochemical bioreactor.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Immersive space is a new type of space, which is converged with other domains and expressed in various ways and here, a mutual exchange between space and participants is realized with active intervention of participants. The purpose of this study is to examine boundary changes and characteristics in virtual space and reality or inside and outside, focusing on immersive space. For this study, a case analysis was conducted, based on the key words regarding flow experience and boundary characteristics in immersive space. The boundary characteristics extracted are as follow. First, while immersive space is overlapped in many different ways, the boundary in space gradually changes and one unique and convergent space is formed. Also, a combination of overlap is made with internal and external physical force and a convergent boundary is created. Second, forms are mixed in diverse ways and an unrealistic boundary space is revealed. For new experience, it has familiar, but new experiential characteristics and also shows an expanded boundary by the medium of different domains. Third, a simultaneous space, based on variability of time and space, has an ambiguous boundary due to a meaningless physical boundary of space and changing into a space region constantly, it becomes an unlimited variable space. Fourth, a linear expansion-based emergent space has nonlinearity, which creates a meaningless boundary, recognized as an irregular, dynamic and transformative space and expands to a creative space. In conclusion, it is anticipated that based on diverse characteristics found in immersive space, this study would give unlimited inspiration to many design fields and art creation activities and contribute to a further development through continued research on immersive space.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2016

형상비(M/VD, shear span-depth ratio)가 4.5인 축소모형의 원형기둥 실험체 3개를 제작하였다. 철근콘크리트 기둥 실험체의 단면은 원형이고 중공단면으로 제작되었다. 철근콘크리트 기둥 실험체의 단면 지름은 400 mm, 중공 지름은 200 mm이다. 일정한 축력 하에서 반복하중을 가력하는 준정적 실험을 수행하였다. 실험체의 주요변수는 횡방향철근비이다. 모든 실험체의 횡방향 나선철근 체적비는 소성힌지 구간에서 0.302~0.604%의 값을 갖는다. 이 값은 도로교설계기준에서 요구하는 최소 심부구속철근 요구량의 45.9~91.8%에 해당하며, 이는 내진설계가 되지 않은 기존 교각이나 내진설계개념으로 설계되는 교각을 나타낸다. 본 연구의 최종목적은 실험적 기초자료의 제공과 함께 성능단계별 균열, 철근의 항복, 파단 등 정량적 수치와 경향을 제공하기 위한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 실험결과를 통해 분석된 실험변수에 따른 교각의 파괴거동, 강도저감거동, 변위연성도에 대해 중점적으로 기술하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare and constitute 3% to 4% of all head and neck neoplasms. Their relative infrequency, inconsistent classification, and highly variable biologic behavior make some difficulty, but some general features can be drawn regarding the incidence, pathology, and pattern of behavior of the various benign and malignant tumors of salivary glands. The present study aims to provide a clinical characteristics of salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods: We analyzed retrospectively clinical features of the 138 patients who were treated surgically at Chonbuk National University Hospital from 1992 through 2002. Results: We found 107 benign and 31 malignant tumors. Among the patients, 58 were males and 80 were females. The most common age group was the fifties. The most common site of both benign and malignant was parotid gland in major salivary glands and palatal region in minor salivary glands. The most common presenting symptom was palpable mass in both benign and malignant tumor. Histopathologically, the most common type was pleomorphic adenoma in benign tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in malignant tumor. All cases were treated surgically and the most common postoperative complications was transient facial nerve weakness. Conclusion: 138 cases of salivary gland tumors were presented with respect to their clinical features.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2006

이동로봇의 경로 설정과 장애물 회피에 관한 문제는 이동로봇을 제어하기 위한 기본적인 문제로서 지금까지 많은 연구가 진행되어 오고 있다. 다양한 센서들로부터 얻어진 정보는 로봇이 진행하기 위한 경로에 대한 결정과 장애물에 대한 정보를 제공해준다. 제한 조건이 존재하는 경우에서 그 상황에 알맞은 방법들이 대부분이며, 다른 상황을 해결하기에는 어려움이 있다. 또한, 최적화된 경로에 대한 좋은 결과를 만들기 위해서는 복잡한 계산 과정을 통해서 시간 지연이 발생하게 된다. 이와 같은 처리 방법은 움직이는 장애물의 회피와 같이 빠른 처리를 필요로 하는 상황에서 단점으로 작용한다. 본 논문에서는 장애물과 이동 가능한 경로들의 영역을 작은 영역들이 분포하는 공간으로 변형하고 이와 같이 구성된 공간에서 밀도와 연결 상태를 통해 이동 로봇이 진행 할 수 있는 최단 경로를 결정한다. 제안된 방법을 통해 작은 영역들은 자신의 번호를 가지게 되며, 주변 영역들의 개수를 통해 이동 경로를 결정하게 된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2003

In order to investigate the cooling and heating characteristics of a variable-capacity system A/C applying a digital scroll compressor, the cooling and heating capacities and COP are measured by the psychrometric calorimeter. The capacity of the system is controlled by the digital scroll compressor, which is operated by controling PWM valve and the loading vs. unloading time. In the case of unloading compared that of loading, the consumption power of the compressor is about 11% and the capacity variation of the system A/C is within about 1%. When the system A/C is operated under the cooling and heating standard conditions, COP is nearly uniform but cooling capacity and heating capacity increase at minimum, rated and maximum modes. The system A/C applying the digital scroll compressor is effective for the range with high load or the width of large load variation. When the auxiliary heater is on, at the cold region, the system A/C produces the excellent heating capacity.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2005

혁신주도형 경제로의 전환 및 서비스업 중심의 경제 성장이 화두로 등장하면서 서비스업의 혁신, 특히 서비스업의 기술혁신에 대한 관심이 증대되었다. 본 연구는 서비스업의 기술혁신을 공간적인 관점에서 이해하고자 하였으며, 특히 기술혁신과정에서 협력메커니즘의 역할과 의미에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면, 수도권과 지방 (비수도권)에는 업종과 기업규모에 무관하게 서비스업 기술혁신율에서 구조적인 차이가 존재했다. 하지만, 수도권 소계 기술혁신기업의 높은 기술혁신율은 외부기관과의 활발한 협력보다는 기업의 내적 혁신역량과 더욱 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 협력파트너의 유형별 특성 분석에서, 수도권 기업은 지방 기업에 비해 대부분의 협력파트너에 대해 기술혁신에 미치는 기여도를 높게 평가하고 있었지만, 지방의 기업은 기술혁신과정에서 대학 기관에 의존하는 정도가 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 협력파트너의 유형화와 유형별 기술혁신과의 관계에 관한 분석에서 수도권과 지방 기업 모두에게 민간 부문은 기술혁신 성공 여부에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수였으며, 공공 부문은 기술혁신의 성과로서 지적재산권을 출원할 수 있는지에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 판명되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

Phragmites australis is the dominant and constructive species among plant communities in the wetlands of the downstream of Yellow River, China. Its morphological characters were high variable in different habitats. Studies on Morphological and RAPD variation of 15 P. australis populations from this region showed that soil salinity was the dominant ecological factor that affected the morphological characters of P. australis. The basal diameter, height, leaf length, leaf width, internode length, internode accounts, panicle length were negatively related to salinity. 194 loci were amplified by RAPD, of which 9 loci was highly negative-related to salinity, and showed a tendency to prefer the habitats with fresh water. 4 loci were positively related to the salinity, and showed a tendency to prefer the salinized habitats. Most loci were neutral to salinity. The morphological and genetic characters of BZH were special, and the speciality should not be determined by salinity. The morphological characters were affected by genetic information and environment. The morphological characters should change gradually and continuously along environmental gradient under plasticity, but should changed continuously or not in genetic control. The relevancies among quantitive characters, ecological factors and genetic variation in natural populations still will still be a focus and difficulty of ecological genetics of P. australis in the future.