• Title/Summary/Keyword: variable metric

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Algorithm for Scaling of the Decoder inputs with Variable Transmission Rate (가변 전송율을 갖는 디코더 입력의 스케일링을 위한 알고리듬)

  • 진익수;심재영
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.887-892
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, we propose a simple scaling algorithm for CDMA mobile communications where a voice traffic signals are transmitted by individual one of several data rates at every frames. The traditional method is based on using look-up table called SMT(symbol metric table), but the proposed algorithm is real-time direct scaling method through simple bit manipulations without lookup table. The bit error rate performance is calculated by computer simulation over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. From the results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional SMT method on Rayleigh channel by 0.3∼0.8dB, while achieving the less H/W complexity.

ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF THE CONDITIONAL HAZARD FUNCTION ESTIMATE BY THE LOCAL LINEAR METHOD FOR FUNCTIONAL ERGODIC DATA

  • MOHAMMED BASSOUDI;ABDERRAHMANE BELGUERNA;HAMZA DAOUDI;ZEYNEB LAALA
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.1341-1364
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    • 2023
  • This article introduces a method for estimating the conditional hazard function of a real-valued response variable based on a functional variable. The method uses local linear estimation of the conditional density and cumulative distribution function and is applied to a functional stationary ergodic process where the explanatory variable is in a semi-metric space and the response is a scalar value. We also examine the uniform almost complete convergence of this estimation technique.

JORDAN AUTOMORPHIC GENERATORS OF EUCLIDEAN JORDAN ALGEBRAS

  • Kim, Jung-Hwa;Lim, Yong-Do
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.507-528
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    • 2006
  • In this paper we show that the Koecher's Jordan automorphic generators of one variable on an irreducible symmetric cone are enough to determine the elements of scalar multiple of the Jordan identity on the attached simple Euclidean Jordan algebra. Its various geometric, Jordan and Lie theoretic interpretations associated to the Cartan-Hadamard metric and Cartan decomposition of the linear automorphisms group of a symmetric cone are given with validity on infinite-dimensional spin factors

Common Fixed Point Theorems of Commuting Mappinggs

  • Park, Wee-Tae
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 1987
  • In this paper, we give several fixed point theorems in a complete metric space for two multi-valued mappings commuting with two single-valued mappings. In fact, our main theorems show the existence of solutions of functional equations f($\chi$)=g($\chi$)$\in$S$\chi$∩T$\chi$ and $\chi$=f($\chi$)=g($\chi$)$\in$S$\chi$∩T$\chi$ under certain conditions. We also answer an open question proposed by Rhoades-Singh-Kulsherestha. Throughout this paper, let (X, d) be a complete metric space. We shall follow the following notations : CL(X) = {A; A is a nonempty closed subset of X}, CB(X)={A; A is a nonempty closed and founded subset of X}, C(X)={A; A is a nonempty compact subset of X}, For each A, B$\in$CL(X) and $\varepsilon$>0, N($\varepsilon$, A) = {$\chi$$\in$X; d($\chi$, ${\alpha}$) < $\varepsilon$ for some ${\alpha}$$\in$A}, E$\sub$A, B/={$\varepsilon$ > 0; A⊂N($\varepsilon$ B) and B⊂N($\varepsilon$, A)}, and (equation omitted). Then H is called the generalized Hausdorff distance function fot CL(X) induced by a metric d and H defined CB(X) is said to be the Hausdorff metric induced by d. D($\chi$, A) will denote the ordinary distance between $\chi$$\in$X and a nonempty subset A of X. Let R$\^$+/ and II$\^$+/ denote the sets of nonnegative real numbers and positive integers, respectively, and G the family of functions ${\Phi}$ from (R$\^$+/)$\^$s/ into R$\^$+/ satisfying the following conditions: (1) ${\Phi}$ is nondecreasing and upper semicontinuous in each coordinate variable, and (2) for each t>0, $\psi$(t)=max{$\psi$(t, 0, 0, t, t), ${\Phi}$(t, t, t, 2t, 0), ${\Phi}$(0, t, 0, 0, t)} $\psi$: R$\^$+/ \longrightarrow R$\^$+/ is a nondecreasing upper semicontinuous function from the right. Before sating and proving our main theorems, we give the following lemmas:

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Coverage metrics for high-level events in behavioral model verification (동작적 모델 검증의 상위 레벨 사건에 대한 검출률 측정법)

  • Kim, Kang-Chul;Im, Chang-Gyun;Ryu, Jae-Hung;Han, Suk-Bung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.496-502
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    • 2006
  • The complexity of IC has rapidly increased as VLSI fabrication technology has grown up quickly. This paper proposes verification methods for data conflicts and protocol between IPs for SoC with coverage metrics. The high-level events is defined to cooperation between blocks or process statement in HDL, or a sequence of performing a job compared to low-level event. They are classified into two categories, resource conflicts and protocol or specification-dependent conflicts. And two coverage metrics used for code coverage in low-level event are proposed to verify the hish-level events. The events of resource conflicts can be detected by using statement coverage metric if global signal or variable has flags in a testbench program, and protocol-dependent events can be checked by data flow metric or path metric.

Asymptotic Consistency of Least Squares Estimators in Fuzzy Regression Model

  • Yoon, Jin-Hee;Kim, Hae-Kyung;Choi, Seung-Hoe
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.799-813
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    • 2008
  • This paper deals with the properties of the fuzzy least squares estimators for fuzzy linear regression model. Especially fuzzy triangular input-output model including error term is proposed. The error term is considered as a fuzzy random variable. The asymptotic unbiasedness and the consistency of the estimators are proved using a suitable metric.

Multidimensional Scaling Using the Pseudo-Points Based on Partition Method (분할법에 의한 가상점을 활용한 다차원척도법)

  • Shin, Sang Min;Kim, Eun-Seong;Choi, Yong-Seok
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.1171-1180
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    • 2015
  • Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a graphical technique of multivariate analysis to display dissimilarities among individuals into low-dimensional space. We often have two kinds of MDS which are metric MDS and non-metric MDS. Metric MDS can be applied to quantitative data; however, we need additional information about variables because it only shows relationships among individuals. Gower (1992) proposed a method that can represent variable information using trajectories of the pseudo-points for quantitative variables on the metric MDS space. We will call his method a 'replacement method'. However, the trajectory can not be represented even though metric MDS can be applied to binary data when we apply his method to binary data. Therefore, we propose a method to represent information of binary variables using pseudo-points called a 'partition method'. The proposed method partitions pseudo-points, accounting both the rate of zeroes and ones. Our metric MDS using the proposed partition method can show the relationship between individuals and variables for binary data.

Consumers' Satisfaction for Cross Border Online Shopping : Based on the End-User Computing Satisfaction Model (해외직구에 대한 고객 만족도 : 최종사용자 만족 모형을 기반으로)

  • Kim, Tae-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.170-175
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    • 2018
  • While the term online shopping refers to all online transactions, cross-border online shopping means shopping activities purchasing products or services over the internet for the customers abroad. As Internet use for the international shopping activity increasing, cross border online shopping has grown substantially for last decade. This study is about the problem regarding the cross border online shopping for two different countries and the variables that influence their shopping behavior. The cross border online shopping has been increased by the growth of Internet access. However, the growth of the Internet use does not guarantee a successful development of cross border e-commerce for every country. To find out the perception for cross-border online shopping for two different cultures, shoppers from two countries with different cultural background were chosen, and the perception for cross-border online shopping from each culture is contrasted. For statistical Analysis, ANOVA is used to find the relationship between a single non-metric independent variable, and multiple metric dependent variables. Hofstede's cultural dimensions model is adopted for this study as a tool to find out the patterns of cross border online shopping. This study showed what the variables would affect the perception in cross border online shopping. The results of this study indicated that cross border online shoppers with different culture were notably different on two variables identified-timeliness and ease of use.

A Design of Hierarchical Gaussian ARTMAP using Different Metric Generation for Each Level (계층별 메트릭 생성을 이용한 계층적 Gaussian ARTMAP의 설계)

  • Choi, Tea-Hun;Lim, Sung-Kil;Lee, Hyon-Soo
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.36 no.8
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    • pp.633-641
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we proposed a new pattern classifier which can be incrementally learned, be added new class in learning time, and handle with analog data. Proposed pattern classifier has hierarchical structure and the classification rate is improved by using different metric for each levels. Proposed model is based on the Gaussian ARTMAP which is an artificial neural network model for the pattern classification. We hierarchically constructed the Gaussian ARTMAP and proposed the Principal Component Emphasis(P.C.E) method to be learned different features in each levels. And we defined new metric based on the P.C.E. P.C.E is a method that discards dimensions whose variation are small, that represents common attributes in the class. And remains dimensions whose variation are large. In the learning process, if input pattern is misclassified, P.C.E are performed and the modified pattern is learned in sub network. Experimental results indicate that Hierarchical Gaussian ARTMAP yield better classification result than the other pattern recognition algorithms on variable data set including real applicable problem.

Optimal Number of Spare Engines and Modules for Aircraft Types (항공기 유형을 고려한 최적 예비엔진 및 모듈 소요 산출)

  • Jeon, Tae Bo;Sohn, Young Hwan;Kim, Ki Dong
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.35-46
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    • 2017
  • Spare engine plays an important role for securing readiness of military strength during unexpected fault occurrences and field/depot planned maintenances. The purpose of this research is to present an approach towards the optimal number of spare engines/modules for diversity of aircraft types. We first reviewed two representative approaches, METRIC and meta model. We then investigated military aircrafts and categorized them into 5 types with regard to the engine type and number of engines/modules per aircraft. Through rigorous investigation of planned/non-planned maintenance of each type, we drew parameters and variables involved. As known, due to the complexity of the problem, it is impossible to develop a simple mathematical model with a closed form solution. Based on the airbase operation and maintenance logic with parameters/variable drawn, we developed a simulation model using ARENA well representing real field exercises. For the optimal solution, we applied OptQuest. It has shown that the program developed generates reliable results through a set of case examples.