• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2014

This paper deals with system thinking in the resilience of the SES (Social-Ecological Systems) around Mt. Gariwang, located in Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, in particular with the disturbance that a new ski slope is planned to be built for the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic. It first performs a literature survey and newspaper article search to summarize the controversy with regards to credible environmental and socio-economical impacts of the plan, and then elaborates a series of CLDs (Causal Loop Diagrams) to infer the dynamics of the impacts. The results imply that the natural restoration seems to be hard because the development activities can cause a great deal of damage to the ecosystem mainly due to soil degradation and the mitigation of icy valley effects with water exploitation for making artificial snow and so on. Moreover most of the households near the planned site seem to leave with land compensation, thus more policy efforts are needed to enhance the resilience of the ecosystem and the nearby society based on ecotourism.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.52-55
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• 1996

The spectra of whole blood EDTA samples from two people were generated using a CARY 5E (UV-VIS-NIR) spectrophotometer from 400 to 1000nm which contain visible and NIR region. Only the data between 400 and 800nm were used to analyze the components of blood. Using the same spectrophotometer, the spectra of Water, normal saline, plasma were generated These spectra were subtracted from each blood sample, and then the first derivative of each of the subtracted data was taken to minimize baseline variations and indicated the wavelength-shift of peak and valley. Normalization and division between two blood samples were used to correlate the quantity ratio of specific components with feature of spectra. Samples were controlled at $30^{\circ}C,\;37^{\circ}C$, ambient temperature.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

This study was carried out for effective utilization of recycling resources to investigate the repulping conditions of car air filter waste paper and to evaluate the application into corrugating medium papermaking by blending these repulped pulps. Car air filter waste paper was made of virgin BKP and it was dipped into phenol resin solution. It was well disintegrated by laboratory Valley beater with 10%(basis on oven-dried pulp weight) NaOH addition and defoamer usage. The optimal temperature, beating consistency and treatment time were mainly $40^{\circ}C$, 1% and $30{\sim}40$ minutes, respectively. Handsheets were prepared with various blending ratios between air filter recycled pulp and KOCC. In the case of $10{\sim}20%$ substitution with air filter recycled pulp, physical properties reductions as compressive strength and burst strength of sheets were lower than others. These results showed more favour than the partial substitution of KOCC for corrugating medium even though some strength reduction of paper. It was also observed that the waste water of air filter recycling was not affective to environmental problems.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.7-23
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• 2021

전력, 통신, 상수, 난방, 중수 등의 공급망을 구성하는 지하공동구는 도시기능을 유지하기 위한 핵심 기간망이며, 재난 및 재해로 서비스의 정지 및 일시적 중단이 발생하는 경우 대규모 사회경제적 손실을 가져온다. 본 연구에서는 지중구조물에 대한 개선된 내진설계 및 평가를 위하여 국내 지진환경에 부합하는 지진원 스펙트럼으로부터 대상 지반의 증폭 및 감쇠 효과를 반영한 시나리오 지진에 기반한 지반변위 예측 방법을 제시하였다. 코사인법으로 통용되는 기존의 단순화 가정법 및 지반응답해석과의 비교를 통해서 본 연구가 제시하는 재해도에 상응하는 지반변위 산정방법이 합리적이며 공학 실무에서 충분히 적용 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken in moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the physical properties of soils in relation to the forest structure and composition. Twelve forest types according to the altitude, slope aspect and species compositions were selected for the study. Physical properties of soil i.e., soil colour, soil texture (per cent of sand, silt and clay), moisture content, water holding capacity, porosity, bulk density (gm/$cm^3$) and void ratio were analyzed for three different depths viz., (i) 'upper' (0-10 cm), (ii) 'middle' (11-30 cm) and (iii) 'lower' (31-60 cm) in all the selected forest types. Phytosociological and diversity parameters viz. total basal cover ($Gha^{-1}$), stem density ($Nha^{-1}$), tree species richness, Simpson concentration of dominance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were also calculated for each forest type. This study also provides the comparisons between the results of physical analysis of the present study with numerous other previous studies in the temperate Himalayan region of the Uttarakhand.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2024

Background: Prasiola japonica is a freshwater green algae species that can only be seen in Korea and Japan. The various conditions necessary for its growth and reproduction have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate conditions related to the growth and reproduction of P. japonica for the purpose of conserving and producing this species. We first examined differences in growth according to various conditions in different habitats to understand the growth environment of P. japonica. Results: The experimental results revealed that the optimal temperature for growth and reproduction of P. japonica was between 10℃-15℃, and the optimal light intensity was 1,000-1,500 lux. Furthermore, when Provasoli enriched seawater with iodine (PESI) agar was used, the growth of P. japonica was found to be at least 1.5-8 times greater than that of the general Sohan Valley water sample, and it also showed 2-4.5 faster growth rate to reach 30 ㎛. These results emphasize the importance of PESI agar in the culture of P. japonica, and are expected to be helpful in suggesting ways to utilize and conserve P. japonica resources. Conclusions: Through these research findings, we suggest new methods for conserving and producing P. japonica, highlight the importance of preserving the P. japonica ecosystem, and explore ways to utilize P. japonica resources. This research promotes the understanding and protection of P. japonica resources in Korea and beyond, and underscores the need for further research and conservation efforts.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

This study was aimed to propose the plan of creating a biotope reflecting an ecological education as well as its function as the habitats of amphibian in Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. There were Cheonil mineral spring area which was located on the southern side of Namsan, wetlands which was already created on the east valley(800$m^2$) and a buffer area of the circumference(1,100$m^2$) as the biotope sites. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, existing vegetation, wildbird, amphibian, trail; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 8 types; Pinus densiflora forest, Pinus densiflora planted area, Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest, Pinus rigida forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, artificial green space, wetlands, south beltway. There were Pinus densiflora planted area and Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest as major vegetations of this site. 14 species and 33 individuals of wildbirds appeared, Rana temporaria ornativentris and Hynobius leechi were investigated in the wetlands.In particular, habitats of amphibian were divided eco-zone, buffer-zone and restore-zone, and habitats and facilities which would be suitable for the characteristics of each space were planned. As a result, environment elements of good habitats including spawn wetlands of amphibian, harbor of amphibian, water plant of wetland, wild shrubs forest, ecological landscape forest, wetland observation trail, fence of wetland protection and ramp by pebble and log were created at the site. The amphibian biotope of Namsan is rated high as an important space for conserving biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2001

연안어장의 해저지형을 조사하기 위한 정밀음향측심시스템은 Public-DGPS 수신기. 싱글빔 음향측심기 및 측량용 소프트웨어로 구성하였으며, 그 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 정치망어장의 해저지형 특성 및 투입된 인공어초의 분포를 조사하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구에서 사용한 public-DGPS 수신기의 위치측정오차는 DGPS 모드일 때와 GPS 모드일 때 각각 5.47 m, 7.03 m이었다. 2. 실험정치망어장의 수심은 9~10 m이었고 해저는 대체로 평탄하였으며 이 어장으로부터 남쪽으로 120 m 떨어진 곳에 깊이 1~2 m, 폭 10 m내외의 골이 존재하였다. 3. 자란만 부근의 인공어초 수역에는 20개의 사각형 어초 (L3$\times$W3$\times$H3 m)가 수심 15~25 m에 낱개로 투입되어 있었고, 이 인공어초군의 가까이에 높이 5~8 m의 자연초가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 4. 본 연구에서 구현한 정밀음향측심시스템은 인공어초사업의 적지선정을 위한 사전조사에 활용할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

The aims of this study are to construct database using geostatistics and Geographic Information System (GIS), and to derive the spatial relationships between manganese nodule abundance and each factor affecting nodule abundance, such as metal grade, slope, aspect, water depth, topography, and acoustic characteristics of the subbottom using the GIS and probability methods. The greater is the copper and nickel grade, the higher is the rating. The distribution pattern of nickel grade is similar to that of copper grade. The slopes are generally less than $3^{\circ}$, excluding seamounts and cliff areas. There is no increment in the rating with increasing slope. The rating is highest for slopes between 2.5 and $3.5^{\circ}$ in block B2 and between 3 and $6^{\circ}$ in block C1. The topography is classified into five groups: seamount, hill crest, hill slant, hill base or plain, and seafloor basin or valley. The ratings prove lowest for seamount and hill crest. The results of the study show a decrease in the rating with an increase in water depth in the study area. There was a poor relationship between manganese nodule abundance and the thickness of the upper transparent layer in block C1. Using GIS, it is possible to analyze a large amount of data efficiently, and to maximize the practical application, to increase specialization, and to enhance the accuracy of the analyses.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.107-122
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• 1998

Visitor Impact Management (VIM) framework was developed in the United States to help recreation resources management to be more systematic and effective. It consists of a series of steps from examining problems and their causes to planning and implementing management strategies in order to solve the problems. This study was conducted to find management problems in Moodeung-san Provincial Park and suggest some alternatives based on VIM framework. Data were collected by on-site survey and a mail-back questionnaire in August of 1996 in Moodeung-san Provincial Park. Out of 1173, 519 respondents (44.2%) were used for the study. According to the study results, there were differences between users' perceptions about the present use of the park and the users' personal norms about the use of the park. That is, while 46% of the respondents considered the park should be used as 'the place for calm and meditiation,' only 19% of the respondents considered the park had been used as 'the place for calm and meditation.' Three social indicators (the number of users, the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors, and the crime) and four ecological indicators (littering, human waste, trail conditions, and water quality of Moodeung-san valleys) were selected for the major managerial indicators of the study area. Generally, five out of 7 selected indicators were in worse conditions than the evaluative standards, Five indicators which were evaluated as in worse conditions include two social indicators (the number of users and the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors) and three ecological indicators (littering, human waste and trail conditions). Two other indicators such as water quality of Moodeung-san valley and the crime were identified to be important for users' recreational experience. More concerns and systematic investigations on these indicators are needed. This study discussed some management strategies to solve the identified problems, and introduced how mangers may make use of these information for recreation resource menagement in the park.