• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

When evaluating acoustic methods for measuring physical parameters in the ocean, economical and technical considerations are paramount. As an indirect method of estimating ocean dynamics, acoustic tomography has advantages over more conventional approaches. It allows the reconstruction of temperature and flow fields from the acoustic impulse time-of-flight measured along the rays propagating from the source to the receiver. However, many problems require complicated and expensive systems. To use the acoustic tomography method to best effect, developing hardware systems with sources and receivers mounted permanently on the sea bottom is crucial. Akulichev et al. presented some experimental results from shallow zones of the World Ocean that served as a motive for developing a multifunction system with acoustic hardware and software. Here we present technical features and the sea test results of the system.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 2004

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic synovial inflammation which leads to joint destruction. Gene therapy of RA targets the players of inflammation or articular destruction. However, viral vectors have safety problems and side effects, while non-viral vectors suffer from inefficient gene transfer and fast loss of gene expression. To overcome the limits of non-vial vectors, an EBV-based plasmid which is known to exert prolonged high level gene expression can be used. Methods: pEBVGFP, pEBVIL-10, and pEBVvIL-10 were constructed by cloning GFP, IL-10, and vIL-10 genes into an EBV-based plasmid, respectively. The pGFP was used as a control plasmid. Each constructs were lipofected into HIG-82 rabbit synoviocytes. The expression of GFP was monitored by FACS and confocal microscopy. IL-10 and vIL-10 expressions were measured by ELISA. Results: GFP expression 2 days after transfection was achieved in 33.2% of cells. GFP-expressing cells transfected with pGFP decreased rapidly from 4 days after transfection and disappeared completely by 11 days. Cells transfected with pEBVGFP began to decrease slowly from 4 days. But GFP expression was detected for over 35 days. In addition, HIG-82 cells transfected with pEBVIL-10 ($44.6{\pm}1.5ng/ml$) or pEBVvIL-10 ($51.0{\pm}5.7ng/ml$) secreted these cytokines at high levels. High level cytokine production by hygromycin selection was maintained at least for up to 26 days after transfection. Conclusion: These results suggest that the EBV-based plasmid has a potential to improve non-viral gene transfer system and may be applicable to treat RA without the drawbacks of viral vectors.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

The new optical link receiver with data transfer rate higher than 10Mbps at the supply voltage of 1.8V was designed and fabricated using bipolar technology. The fabricated IC showed the dissipation current of 4.6mA under high level input voltage of 1.5V. The high level output voltage($V_{OH}$) and the low level output voltage($V_{OL}$) were 1.15V and 0V, respectively, for a given 10 Mbps signal which has duty ratio of 50%, $V_{IL}$(low level input voltage) of 0.5V, and $V_{IH}$(high level input voltage) of 1.5V, The duty ratio of output waveform was 52.6%. The rising time(t$_{r}$) and the falling time(t$_{f}$) were 9.5ns and 6.8ns, respectively. The propagation delay difference($t_{PHC}-t_{PLH}$) and the jitter($t_j$) were 11.7ns and 4.3ns, respectively.y.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2013

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in uncooked seafood causes acute gastroenteritis. The microorganism has two sets of type III secretion systems and two hemolysins. When it injects its effector proteins into a host cell via type III secretion system 1, one of the type III secretion systems induces secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, through the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Although probiotics have beneficial effects on hosts and can help control some infectious diseases, there is little research on the efficacy of probiotics in V. parahaemolyticus infection. Here we pretreated V. parahaemolyticus-infected human intestinal epithelial cells with heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KB290, a probiotic isolated from fermented vegetables (traditional Japanese pickles) and utilized as an ingredient of beverages and supplementary foods, and demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing IL-8 secretion from V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. Among the three heat-killed lactic acid bacterial strains we tested, L. brevis KB290 induced the highest level of IL-8 secretions in the infected cells. Relative to control cells (Caco-2 cells pretreated with PBS), V. parahaemolyticus-infected Caco-2 cells pretreated with heat-killed L. brevis KB290 secreted IL-8 earlier, although concentrations were similar 450min after infection. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 pretreatment also induced earlier ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, greater p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 accelerated IL-8 secretion, a host cell immune response, in V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. We consider this to be beneficial because IL-8 plays an important defensive role against infection, and would contribute to the repair of injured epithelial cells.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.609-616
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• 2011

Observing that $vX{\times}vY$ is a Wallman realcompactification of $X{\times}Y$ if $v(X{\times}vY)=vX{\times}vY$, we show that $v(X{\times}Y)=vX{\times}vY$ if and only if $X{\times}Y$ is z-embedded in $vX{\times}vY$ and $vX{\times}vY$ is a Wallman compactification of $X{\times}Y$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

The arterial pressure is regulated by the nervous and humoral mechanisms. The neuronal regulation is mostly carried out by the autonomic nervous system through the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key area for the cardiovascular regulation, and the humoral regulation is mediated by a number of substances, including the angiotensin (Ang) II and vasopressin. Recent studies suggest that central interleukin-1 (IL-1) activates the sympathetic nervous system and produces hypertension. The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether IL-1 and Ang II interact in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to the stress of hemorrhage. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and both femoral arteries were cannulated for direct measurement of arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) and for inducing hemorrhage. A guide cannula was placed into the lateral ventricle for injection of IL-1 $(0.1,\;1,\;10,\;20\;ng/2\;{\mu}l)$ or Ang II $(600\;ng/10\;{\mu}l)$. A glass microelectrode was inserted into the RVLM to record the single unit spike potential. Barosensitive neurons were identified by an increased number of single unit spikes in RVLM following intravenous injection of nitroprusside. I.c.v. $IL-1\;{\beta}$ increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a dose-dependent fashion, but HR in a dose-independent pattern. The baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was not affected by i.c.v. $IL-1\;{\beta}$. Both i.c.v. $IL-1\;{\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ produced similar increase in MAP and HR. When hemorrhage was induced after i.c.v. injection of $IL-1\;{\beta}$, the magnitude of MAP fall was not different from the control. The $IL-1\;{\beta}$ group showed a smaller decrease in HR and a lower spike potential count in RVLM than the control. MAP fall in response to hemorrhage after i.c.v. injection of Ang II was not different from the control. When both IL-1 and Ang II were simultaneously injected i.c.v., however, MAP fall was significantly smaller than the control, and HR was increased rather than decreased. These data suggest that IL-1, a defense immune mediator, manifests a hypertensive action in the central nervous system and attenuates the hypotensive response to hemorrhage by interaction with Ang II.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.221-229
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• 2013

We show that if X is a space such that ${\beta}QF(X)=QF({\beta}X)$ and each stable $Z(X)^{\sharp}$-ultrafilter has the countable intersection property, then there is a homeomorphism $h_X:vQF(X){\rightarrow}QF(vX)$ with $r_X={\Phi}_{vX}{\circ}h_X$. Moreover, if ${\beta}QF(X)=QF({\beta}X)$ and $vE(X)=E(vX)$ or $v{\Lambda}(X)={\Lambda}(vX)$, then $vQF(X)=QF(vX)$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.2061-2064
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.536-538
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• 2018

This paper introduces an enhanced interleaved (IL) PFC (Power Factor Correction) boost converter typed 650V Intelligent Power Module (IPM), which is fully optimized hybrid IGBT converter modules; Silicon (Si) IGBT and Silicon Carbide (SiC) diode, for up to 10kW HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. It utilizes newly developed $4^{th}$ Generation Field Stop (FS) trench IGBTs, $EXTREMEFAST^{TM}$ anti-paralleled diodes, SiC Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes, Bridge rectifiers, Multi-function LVIC, and Built-in thermistor provide good reliable characteristics for the entire system. This module also takes technical advantage of DBC (Direct Bonded Copper) substrate for the better thermal performance. It is shown that the Si IGBT/SiC diode hybrid IL PFC module can achieve excellent EMI performance and greatly enhance the power handling capability or switching frequency of various applications compared to the Si IGBT/Diode. This paper provides an overall description of the newly developed 650V/50A Hybrid SiC IL PFC IPM product.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2021

Rotavirus (RV), as the main cause of diarrhea in children under 5 years, contributes to various childhood diseases. Valeriana jatamansi Jones is a traditional Chinese herb and possesses antiviral effects. In this study we investigated the potential mechanisms of V. jatamansi Jones in RV-induced diarrhea. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation and the diarrhea mice model was constructed using SA11 infection. Mice were administered V. jatamansi Jones and ribavirin. Diarrhea score was used to evaluate the treatment effect. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the level of cytokines. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR were used to determine protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to detect the pathological change of the small intestine. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling was conducted to determine the apoptosis rate. The results showed V. jatamansi Jones promoted MA104 proliferation. V. jatamansi Jones downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) in protein level, which was consistent with the immunohistochemistry results. Moreover, V. jatamansi Jones combined with ribavirin regulated interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon γ, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-10, and suppressed secretory immunoglobulin A secretion to remove viruses and inhibit dehydration. V. jatamansi Jones + ribavirin facilitated the apoptosis of small intestine cells. In conclusion, V. jatamansi Jones may inhibit RV-induced diarrhea through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and could therefore be a potential therapy for diarrhea.