• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.4 s.35
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• pp.365-372
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• 2005

In North Korea, there has been the considerable loss of human lives every year due to the deficiency of foods. Thus, in order to reduce such damages, a research project should be launched to provide various information for cooperation with North Korean government, and to develop proper agricultural information management system. Therefore, this research is mainly to develop North Korean Agricultural Information Management System (NKAIMS), which can collect, manage and analyze agricultural information and water resources utilization status of North Korea, and further support to make relevant decisions and establish the agricultural land-use plans. This research has three phases. The major outcome of the first phase is collecting the agricultural and water resources utilization data such as soils, rivers, streams, collective farms, etc., designing and building database, and developing integrated management system considering the users' requirements. The main work of the second phase is improving and reinforcing database such as adding the information of dams, land-over data, bridges, tunnels, satellite images, etc., inspecting and renewing such as importing detail attribute information of reservoirs, and improving system for more conveniently using. The third phase will be to supplement more useful functions such as statistic analysis, continually inspecting and improving database, and developing web-based system. The product of this research supports collecting and analyzing relevant data to facilitate easier agricultural activities and support effective decision making for food production in the preparation of unification. Moreover, through designing database considering sharing information and system expendability, it can support systematic data usability of agricultural information and save cost for data management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 1997

Rice bran commonly available in Bangladesh is a mixture of rice hulls (60%), bran (35%) and polishing (5%), referred here as rice mill feed (RMF). Dose response effect of RMF supplementation to a straw diet including a zero level was measured on the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial N yield and growth rate of growing native (Bos indicus) bulls. Twelve bulls of 33 months old and $272{\pm}31.5kg$ weight were randomly allocated to diets having 0 (T1), 1 (T2) and 2 (T3) kg RMF in addition to 200 g wheat bran, 200 g molasses, 60 g salt and 30 g oyestershe\l powder. Concentrate intake was 5.5, 19.2 and 29.5% of the dietary intake for the T1, T2 and T3 treatment respectively. RMF supplementation had no significant effect on the straw DM intake. However, with the increasing levels of RMF supplementation, total DM & digestible OM intake and the whole gut digestibilities of DM, OM, N & ADF increased but in deminishig return. Total microbial N yield estimated from the urinary purine excretion were 15.35, 26.56 and 38.44 g/d for the treatment T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Both the N intake and the N balance increased linearly in response to increasing level of RMF. Supplementation of RMF linearly increased the energy intake and dietary energy concentration. Growth rate in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 112, 125 and 250 g/d respctively. The basal N excretion and the maintenance energy requirement of the experimental animals were estimated to be 615 mg/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ and 447 kJ/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. The estimated efficiency on N utilization was 0.83 mg/mg of N intake ($r^2=0.997$) while the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth was 0.15. Since animal refused higher levels of RMF, inclusion up to 2 kg level (about 25% of the total DM intake) appears to have no depressing effect on the performances of animal. However, RMF itself fail to meet the critical nutrient need of the rumen microbes. Therefore response of supplementing RMF after correcting the critical nutrient deficiency need to be studied.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.916-923
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• 2010

We report nutritional physiology and non-specific immune responses of vitamin E in parrot fish for the first time. This study aimed to investigate the essentiality and requirements in diets based on growth performances, non-specific immune responses and a challenge test against Vibrio angullarum. Six casein-gelatin based semi-purified diets were formulated to contain six graded levels of DL-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (${\alpha}$-TA) at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 500 mg/kg diet (designated as E0, E25, E50, E75, E100 and E500, respectively) and fed to triplicate groups of juvenile parrot fish for 12 weeks. The analyzed dietary concentrations of vitamin E were 0, 38, 53, 87, 119 and 538 mg/kg diet for E0, E25, E50, E75, E100 and E500, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the E25 were significantly higher compared to that of fish fed the other diets. Liver ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration was significantly increased with an increase in dietary ${\alpha}$-TA in a dose dependent manner. No apparent clinical signs of vitamin E deficiency and mortality were observed in fish fed the basal diet for 12 weeks. Among the immune responses assayed, phagocytic (NBT assay) and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly increased with increment of dietary ${\alpha}$-TA levels. During the challenge test with V. anguillarum, E75, E100, and E500 diets resulted in higher survivals than E0, E25 and E50 diets. The findings of this study suggest that parrot fish require exogenous vitamin E and the optimum dietary level could be approximately 38 mg ${\alpha}$-TA/kg diet for normal growth and physiology. Dietary ${\alpha}$-TA concentration over 500 mg/kg could be required to enhance the nonspecific immune responses and improve the resistance of juvenile parrot fish against V. anguillarum.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4876-4883
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• 2013

Nowadays numbers of non-residential Korean traditional house (Han-ok) like Caf$\acute{e}$ and restaurants within the cultural property preservation area. So the purpose of this study is suggesting the necessity of governmental support about non-residential Han-ok. The research started to analyze influential factors toward them and estimate the value of non-residential Han-ok. After then it investigated what kind of value factors are important when it is agreed to the necessity of governmental support using logistic regression. According to the result, there are main 7 factors; possibilities to use Han-ok with poor residential environment, the unique appearance of Han-ok, possibilities to offer social and welfare service within local community, value to develop tourism on Han-ok, utilization of commercial area, historical deficiency and easy to access Han-ok for tourists and overseas which are an effect on decision making to sustain non-residential Han-ok.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2004

Objective : There are many treatments for Headache. We suggested the clinical effect and utilization of Rainbow Theraphy on functional headache. Methods : 1. Setting up of Groups : A Group is 29 people being used Herb remedy, acupuncture and Rainbow Theraphy, B Group is 23 people being used only Rainbow Theraphy. 2. Operation of Rainbow Theraphy : By using RP-UM103(Umax Medical, Korea), we regulated ki and stimulated important acupuncture’s spots of headache. 3. We examined improvement of headache by giving marks about symptoms - occipital pain, Pressure, dyspepsia, anxiety, fatigue, attention deficiency - through interviewing before treatment and after 3 weeks' treatments. Results and Conclusions : 1. There was a significantly effect of Rainbow Theraphy on functional headache in both A Group and B Group. 2. In subjective appraisee of groups, A group$(17.28{\pm}2.15)$ is more effective than B group$(14.74{\pm}2.38)$. 3. In doctor's last appraisee of groups, A group$(3.83{\pm}0.71)$ is more significantly improvement than B group$(2.70{\pm}0.47)$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1381-1386
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• 2014

In spite of variation in coat color, size, and production traits among indigenous Bangladeshi cattle populations, genetic differences among most of the populations have not been investigated or exploited. In this study, we used a high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 80K Bead Chip derived from Bos indicus breeds to assess genetic diversity and population structure of 2 Bangladeshi zebu cattle populations (red Chittagong, n = 28 and non-descript deshi, n = 28) and a semi-domesticated population (gayal, n = 17). Overall, 95% and 58% of the total SNPs (69,804) showed polymorphisms in the zebu and gayal populations, respectively. Similarly, the average minor allele frequency value was as high 0.29 in zebu and as low as 0.09 in gayal. The mean expected heterozygosity varied from $0.42{\pm}0.14$ in zebu to $0.148{\pm}0.14$ in gayal with significant heterozygosity deficiency of 0.06 ($F_{IS}$) in the latter. Coancestry estimations revealed that the two zebu populations are weakly differentiated, with over 99% of the total genetic variation retained within populations and less than 1% accounted for between populations. Conversely, strong genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}=0.33$) was observed between zebu and gayal populations. Results of population structure and principal component analyses suggest that gayal is distinct from Bos indicus and that the two zebu populations were weakly structured. This study provides basic information about the genetic diversity and structure of Bangladeshi cattle and the semi-domesticated gayal population that can be used for future appraisal of breed utilization and management strategies.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4 s.111
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• pp.235-241
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• 2005

For better and large utilization of rice husk, the production and consumption status, differences in chemical composition and heating value due to region and variety, and thermogravimetric characteristic of rice husk were studied. In addition, the differences in chemical composition due to region and variety and the crystallization characteristic of rice husk ash were also studied. Approximately 800,000 M/T of rice husk was produced per year in Korea, which is about $18\%$ of the paddy production by weight. Noticeable varietal and regional difference pattern in chemical composition was not found among the domestic rice husk samples. Their average ash content and higher heating value were $16.4\%$ and 16,660 kJ/kg by dry basis, respectively. A relation seemed to exist between the carbon content and higher heating value. Noticeable difference pattern in chemical composition was not found among the domestic rice husk ash samples. The $SiO_2$ contents were a little low, the maximum being $92.9\%,$ and the contents of major components such as CaO, MgO, and $K_2O$ were also lower compared with foreign rice husk ash due to the deficiency of compost matters in domestic soils. Thermogravimetry study showed the thermal decomposition of rice husk started at about $250^{\circ}C,$ followed by relatively fast combustion of combustible gas until the temperature rose to $350^{\circ}C.$ After $350^{\circ}C,$ combustion of the carbon component proceeded relatively slowly as the temperature increased. Therefore, the ignition temperature of the rice husk could be estimated around $300^{\circ}C$. Crystallization of $SiO_2$ in the rice husk ash was found from the combustion temperature of $750^{\circ}C$ and became distinctly when the combustion temperature exceeded $900^{\circ}C$. The ash became darker with $SiO_2$ crystallization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

The effects of thiamin on vegetative mycelial growth and fruit body formation of Lentinuia edodes were investigated in basal peptone-glucose liquid medium in relation to the uptake of thiamin. Thiamin was essential for fruit body formation, and the minimum requirements for thiamin were estimated to be approximately 10 ${\mu}g$/L. The vegetative mycelial growth was little influenced by the addition of thiamin in the range of 1.5 ${\mu}g$~1.5 mg/L. While the mycelium was successively transferred to fresh peptone-glucose-agar medium three times, the repression of mycelial growth was not significant. Even in cases using vitamin-free casamino acid or glutamic acid as a nitrogen source instead of peptone, a thiamin deficiency for mycelial growth did not occur as a result of transferring the mycelia to fresh media. Almost all of the thiamin contained in the media accumulated in the mycelia during the first 3 weeks of a 9-week incubation. These results suggest that only trace amounts of thiamin are required for vegetative mycelial growth in Lentinula edodes and that almost all thiamin added to a basal medium will be used for fruit body formation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2001

To investigate of C and N metabolisms in response to phosphorus-deficient stress during regrowth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), C and N metabolites were analyzed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 days after defoliation. P-sufficient (control, +P) and P-absent (-P) nutrient solutions were applied from 7 days before defoliation, and continued for one cycle of 24 day-regrowth period. During 24 days of regrowth, dry matter of regrowing shoots and remaining tissues were not significantly different between +P and -P treatment. In remaining stubble, 70% to 91 % decline of the initial level (at day 0) in all C compounds occurred during the first 6 days of regrowth. Initial amounts of nitrate and amino acids in roots were significantly higher in the +P medium. Nitrate contents in stubble in the +P medium significantly decreased for the first 12 days and then rapidly recovered, while that of the -P medium continuously decreased until day 24. Amino acids in stubble in the P medium were continuously increased during the whole regrowth period. Soluble proteins in stubble in the +P medium also largely fell down (46.0% of the initial) for only the first 6 days, however the decline in the -P medium continued until day 12. In regrowing shoots, the accumulation of C compounds was significantly higher, while that of N compounds except amino acids was largely lower in the -P medium. These results showed a stimulation of carbohydrate synthesis and a compensatory utilization of organic reserves occurred to support regrowth under P-deficient condition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1998

To test a potential salt tolerance in phosphorus (P) efficient plants (T9 and T8), tomato seedlings were hydroponically grown in saline media. The tolerance was evaluated by comparing growth and metabolism against T5, non-P-efficient variety, at different salt concentrations: 0, 1, 5, 10 g/L. Fresh weights (FW) were measured weekly. Dry weight (DW), mineral contents, and stomatal resistance (Rs) were measured at the termination of experiment. At the lower two salt concentrations (0, 1 g/L), no significant difference was observed in terms of FW, DW, and Rs. At 5, 10 g/L of salt concentration, however, significant variation is evident: T9 and T8 outperformed T5. On the other hand, no difference was also in N, P, K, and Na contents at the corresponding salt concentration. These observations together indicate that P-efficient strain can better tolerate to salinity.