• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.132-132
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• 2021

Access to accurate spatial precipitation in many hydrological studies is necessary. Existence of many mountains with diverse topography in South Korea causes different spatial distribution of precipitation. Rain gauge stations show accurate precipitation information in points, but due to the limited use of rain gauge stations and the difficulty of accessing them, there is not enough accurate information in the whole area. Weather radars can provide an integrated precipitation information spatially. Despite this, weather radar data have some errors that can not provide accurate data, especially in heavy rainfall. In this study, some location-based variable like aspect, elevation, plan curvature, profile curvature, slope and distance from the sea which has most effect on rainfall was considered. Then Automatic Weather Station data was used for spatial training of variables in each event. According to this, K-fold cross-validation method was combined with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. Based on this, 80% of Automatic Weather Station data was used for training and validation of model and 20% was used for testing and evaluation of model. Finally, spatial distribution of precipitation for 1×1 km resolution in Gwangdeoksan radar station was estimates. The results showed a significant decrease in RMSE and an increase in correlation with the observed amount of precipitation.

• 공학논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

연안수질 개선 및 환경회복도 추정을 위한 3차원 수질 모델의 구성에서 나타나는 어려운 점들로는 실측자료가 부족하다는 점과 지속적 관측이 어렵다는 점들을 들 수 있다. 따라서, 연안역에 대한 수질모의 및 관리기법 개발 연구의 중간 단계로서 진해-마산만 유역에 대한 강우 및 비점오염물 유출 양상을 실측하였고, 유량 및 오염물 유출양상에 대한 해석을 위하여 위성영상시스템 및 지리정보체계 기법을 적용하였다. 지리정보체계(IDRISI 사용)를 통한 진해-마산만 유역의 용지 사용분포, 지점오염 부하량과 유역정보 결과를 사용하여 수질모의 모형(SWMM 사용)을 적용하였고, 관측되어진 비점오염물들의 유출양상을 통하여 오염물들의 유출특성을 고려한 관측기법의 개선방안과 GIS기법의 적용 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by mother's parenting style which may influence the NQ in preschool children. Methods: Subjects were 310 mothers and their 4-6 year old children. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, mother's parenting style at meal time and eating behavior as measured by NQ questions. The NQ questions consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Mother's parenting style was classified by using words for nutrition education at meal time. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student's t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, One-way ANOVA. Results: We observed that in children whose mothers use the parenting style at meal time of 'explanation' and 'compliment & cheer up' had high dietary regularity, diversity, practice. The children of mothers who use the parenting style at meal time of 'persuasion' and 'reward' were found to have a lower degree of balance, diversity, and practice. Especially, children of 'reward' style mothers had lower moderation of dietary life. On the other hand, among the parenting style at meal time of 'comparison & demand', 'treating' and 'faire', there was no significant difference in the NQ factor by each group. NQ grade was higher among those who used more explanation (p < 0.001) and persuasion (p < 0.01) and with use of less persuasion (p < 0.01) and reward (p < 0.01). The positive association observed between the frequency of dietary education of mothers and higher NQ grade indicated the degree of dietary practices of those children. On the other hand, the children of mothers who rarely practice the dietary education at home had lower NQ grade (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In order to promote children's proper dietary behaviors, it is important to provide nutrition education to children as well as provide guidance on parenting style at meal time.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.251-266
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• 2011

This work deals with the use of High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) to verify ultrafiltration membrane selectivity at the end of the production line as well as membrane ageing. The first part of this work is focused on new membranes. It is shown that it is better to use sputtering metallization than vacuum deposition, as this latter technique entails thermal damage to the skin layer. Moreover, the impact of the metallization layer on the determination of the membrane pore size is studied and it is observed that no impact of the metallization step can be clearly defined for a metallization layer ranging from 3 to 12 nm. For example, an average pore size of 16.9 nm and a recovery rate of 6.5 % are observed for a 150 kDa cellulose acetate membrane. These results are in agreement with those given by the manufacturer: pore size ranging from 10 to 15 nm and recovery rate ranging from 5 to 10 %. The second part of this work focuses on the study of membrane ageing. A PVDF hollow fibre membrane is studied. It is shown that a 65 % decrease in the permeate flux can be linked to a decrease in the number of pores at the surface of the membrane and a decrease in the recovery rate. In conclusion, a mapping of the pores is performed for several new hollow fibre membranes used to produce drinking water, made of different materials, with different geometries and molecular weight cut-off. These results provide reference data that will help better understand the phenomena of membrane fouling and membrane ageing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.390-399
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between pesticide use and mortality, and cancer mortality which are recognized as health hazards of pesticides. Data were analyzed from a cohort of 6,066 people aged fifty-five or over and who have been residing in the main island of Kangwha county. Death certificates, computerized citizenship registers searches, and household interview survey lead to get more than ninety-seven percents follow-up rate for the first five year observation period. Important findings are as follows : 1. Age specific mortality rates of pesticide users are significantly lower than those of pesticides nonusers. The SMR of male is 0.80, and 0.58 for females respectively probably due to healthy worker effects. But, age specific cancer mortality rates are significantly higher than those of pesticide nonusers (SMR=1.59) in males. This finding is not observed in females (SMR=0.85), however. 2. Logistic regression analyses showed that self-reported health status, drinking, and smoking histories in male are significantly associated with total mortality rate. The histories of pesticide use are also calculated to be highly associated with cancer mortality as in univariate analyses in males. In female, self-reported health status, age of first delivery are found to be significantly related to total mortality rate. Only drinking history is calculated to be associated with cancer mortalities in females. Data from further observation of 'Kangwha cohort' and indepth analyses of these are highly expected.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.40-52
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the length of exposure to smartphone and its association with dietary behavior toward snacks, lifestyle, and nutrition knowledge in elementary school students. Methods: Subjects were 372 5th and 6th grade schoolchildren in Cheongju, Korea, and data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. They were divided into two groups by the time spent using smartphone: moderate (< 2 hours/day) and overexposure (${\geq}2$ hours/day). Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and independent t-test as well as analysis of covariance when necessary. Results: Approximately half of subjects (41.4%) reported spending ${\geq}2$ hours/day using smartphone. That habit was more frequent among students in the 6th grade, those who received more monthly allowance, and who has a working mother. 63.4% of the subjects reported that they consumed snacks while watching television, using a computer and/or a smartphone and 48.1% said that they consumed snacks while they use a smartphone. Both situations were most prevalent among those with overexposure to smartphone (${\geq}2$ hours/day). We also observed that a higher percentage of subjects from the overexposure group spent more money on snack foods with the preference for ice cream, fast food, and carbonated drinks. Further, those in the overexposure group consumed more ice cream, cookies, and carbonated drinks. In addition, they had less desirable dietary behavior and health-related lifestyle (sleep duration and frequency of regular exercise) compared to those with moderate smartphone usage (< 2 hours/day). However, there was no statistical difference in nutrition knowledge among children with different degrees of smartphone usage. Conclusions: Our results showed that longer smartphone use was associated with less desirable snack preference/consumption and other dietary behavior in elementary school students. Thus interest and positive attitudes towards healthy snacks and diet should be reinforced in nutrition education programs, especially for those who are prone to use smartphones.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.297-315
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the leisure space planning desirable for adolescents through survey on their using leisure space. Four hundred sixty-six middle and high school students living in Chongju city, Gwesan-gun and Eumsung-gun responded the first basic questionnaire and 160 students among them answered again the second questionnaire for more information on the site of leisure space they want. Frequency, percentage, $x^2-test$ and Multi-Dimensional Scale were methods of analysis. The results are as follows. Adolescents are wasting their leisure time because of insufficient facilities for productive activities. They use the time, when observed in one week, roaming around downtown, studying in off-school academies, visiting shops and playing in the game rooms. And when observed in a month, they use time meeting friends in coffee shops, visiting restaurants, studying in the libraries, playing in the ground and visiting sports facilities. Adolescents' leisure time were different according to sex, age, father's educational level, mother's occupation, household income, and living area. Students hoped the leisure spares to be located in the neighborhood where they can access easily, and facilities they wanted were small shop-buildings, game rooms, off-school academies, schools, sports facilities, studying moms and libraries. It is necessary that adolescents have opportunities to learn how to use their leisure time healthy in the leisure space. And consideration on adolescents living in the remote rural area have to be dealt importantly in the beginning of various planning.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

Background: The use of health functional food (HFF) is increasing and will continue to rise worldwide. Concerns about HFF-drug interactions are increasing as HFF are becoming more widely used. Therefore, awareness of consumers' perceptions and behaviors associated with HFF use may help health care providers improve their communications with patients. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics, perceptions, and behaviors associated with HFF use in South Korea. Method: The online survey was conducted from September 21th to October 7th, 2013. With the aid of Social Network Service (SNS) and google, the questionnaire was posted online on internet website targeting people aged 15 years or older so that self-reported data covering 4 domains were collected from 257 Koreans. Results: A total of 257 people responded the questionnaire. Among them, 81.3% reported experiences of HFF use. Female were more likely than male to use HFFs. There were no differences in demographic characteristics between HFF users and non-users in relation to age, education, and household income. Higher level of education was associated with high-level perception of HFF function (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.48, 10.1) and a positive relationship was observed between the maximum number of HFFs used concurrently and age of the respondents. Among the HFF users, 42.6% reported concurrent HFF-medication use. However 73.3% of them did not disclose their use to physician or pharmacist and only 30.2% were informed about potential drug-HFF interactions. Pharmacy was most commonly reported as the source from which the respondents were informed about potential interactions. Conclusion: Many people had used HFF and medications concurrently while not being informed about potential HFF-drug interactions. Pharmacists and physicians should be vigilant for risk of the interactions and actively determine whether the patient is using an HFF before prescribing and administrating medications.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2021

본 연구의 주요 목적은 포르투갈어 a gente의 사용 현실에 대해 살펴보고, 교육적으로 고려할 부분에 대하여 논의해 보는 것이다. 우리는 언어적, 사회적 측면에서 a gente의 유래와 사용 환경, 문법화 단계, 개인화 등급, 사용의 변이에 대한 살펴보았고, a gente가 브라질에서 점점 높은 사용 빈도를 보여 주고 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 교육적으로 고려할 부분을 찾기 위해, 외국인을 위한 포르투갈어 교재에 a gente가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지 관찰해 보았고, 브라질에서 포르투갈어를 학습 중인 세 명의 한국인 학생과의 인터뷰 조사를 통해 얻은 자료를 분석해 보았다. 1인칭 복수 nós와 의미가 같지만 3인칭 단수 형태로 사용되는 a gente의 중요성과 사용 빈도를 감안해 보면, 문법이나 교재에서 다루어지는 a gente에 대한 부분은 매우 미흡해 보인다. 따라서 실제 언어 사용에 부합하지 않는 교재의 내용들은 언어 사용 현실의 변화에 따라 적극적으로 수정되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 교수자 역시 전통적인 부분에 얽매이지 말고 효율적인 교육을 위해 a gente를 교재의 인칭 대명사 편에 확실히 포함하여 좀 더 실용적인 부분을 적극 반영하여 교육하여야 할 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.151-179
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make an empirical analysis on the factors affecting the intention for the continuous use of the BSC system, which has been recently spread in the public sector. Because the object of acceptance is the performance management system based on BSC (Balanced Scorecard) implemented in the form of information systems, this study proposes a research model by applying TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). Independent variables are factors affecting the acceptance of BSC system such as training, communication, IS support, CEO support and personal innovativeness, and we examine their effects on the dependent variable, namely, intention on continuous use via mediating variables: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. A questionnaire survey was conducted with public institutions(firms) that had introduced and were operating the BSC system; 264 valid questionnaires are adopted. Collected data are analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 7.0. Results of reliability test show that all analyzed data are reliable. In validity test, one item regarding communication was excluded; 9 latent variables and 34 observed variables are used in the final analysis. Based on the results of the hypothesis test through path analysis using a structural equation model, 10 out of 16 hypotheses are accepted. Factors affecting perceived usefulness are training and IS(Information System) support. The analysis results indicate that perceived ease of use is mainly affected by IS support, CEO support, and personal innovativeness among the factors related to the acceptance of the BSC system. This suggests that, contrary to the expectation that the BSC system may be used without difficulty, the management's active support is required in order to attain expected improvement in productivity and work efficiency. This was also pointed out in case studies on the construction of the BSC system in public sectors. On the other hand, perceived ease of use is found to affect perceived usefulness. This supports the results of previous researches on TAM. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are found to affect the attitude towards the use of the system. The intention on continuous use is affected more by perceived usefulness than by the attitude towards the use of system. This result supports the results of previous researches on TAM, showing that the BSC system is utilized substantially in worksites. This study is considered meaningful in that it was actually performed on users at public institutions(firms) that had introduced the BSC system and that it empirically tested hypotheses on the acceptance of the BSC system by applying TAM to the research model.