• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.805-814
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• 1997

Injuries to the menisci occur in a variety of ways, most commonly with a twist, pivot, squat, or valgus stress to the knee. Tear patterns are classified to longitudinal, horizontal, or transverse features according to the mechanism of injury. Work-related meniscal tear usually occurs with a repetitive usage of the foot, hence it can be classified as a cumulative traumatic disorder. We found a 47 year-old female worker who had been taking charge of repetitive foot-switch stepping for 8 years. She suffered from pain in the right knee since 5 months ago. Tenderness along the medial joint line of the right knee was observed and pain was aggravated with full flexion of the right knee. On magnetic resonance imaging, high signal intensity was observed at the posterior horn of the medial meniscus of the right knee. Degenerative longitudinal and transverse complex tear in the medial meniscus was observed on arthroscopy. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy was performed. We surveyed the work process and the health status of co-workers. It turned out that the work process was compatible to injure the meniscus and nine out of fourteen co-worker(64.3%) complained pain of the knee. No other factors related to her meniscal tear could be found except for the situation at her work. Therefore, we conclude that meniscal tear is related to the repetitive stepping of foot switch.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.257-276
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 고령층의 인터넷 활용과 활용상의 장애 요인을 분석하고 그 해결 방안을 파악하는 것이다. 데이터 수집은 대구 및 경북지역에 거주하는 60세 이상 고령층을 대상으로 설문지를 사용하여 1:1 설문을 통하여 이루어졌고, 총 479부를 회수하여 그 중 유효한 119부를 SPSS 18.0을 사용하여 기술통계와 더불어 연령별과 성별 차이분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 우리나라 고령층은 인터넷을 통하여 오락, 지식, 문화예술 콘텐츠를 많이 활용하는 것으로 나타났고, 인터넷 온라인 활동으로는 정보검색, 영화/음악 감상의 순으로 빈도가 높았고, 고령층내에서도 연령과 성별에 따른 다소의 차이가 나타났다. 고령층이 인터넷 활용을 하는데 인지하고 있는 장애 요인으로는 컴퓨터 기기 사용법의 복잡함을 가장 큰 이유로 들었고, 장애 요인을 해결하기 위한 이들 자신들의 방안으로는 컴퓨터 활용교육과 사용법 개선이 우선되어야 한다는 것으로 나타났다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2011

The rate of disposable diaper usage has been increased continuously from convenience of disposable diapers and increment of women's entry in workforce. However, a new perspective toward disposable diapers has been come to the fore in various sides like babies' health, environment, and cost. Furthermore, cloth diaper has started to attract more attention. Since parents and grandparents pay more attention to children as birth rate dropped, they tend to purchase expensive goods if the quality or design of the goods is worthy enough. Therefore, this study has the purpose in presenting the basic data for developing functional and pleasant cloth diaper with analyzing the consuming patterns (convergence in nature, health and technology) and cloth diaper characteristics. The research on the actual condition about children cloth diapers and environmental-friendly materials is as follows. Firstly, as a result of analyzing pros and cons about disposable diapers and cloth diapers, the cloth diapers are estimated to have better health, environment, and cost factors than disposable diapers, only excluding convenience. Secondly, as a result of examining patent registered diapers, the disposable diapers have been improved from shape-centered development to well-being material development, and the cloth diapers have mainly developed functional shape-centered. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing children's goods made with environmental-friendly materials, the children's clothes already use organics and natural resources like beans, bamboo trees, ginkgo, and chitosan. Recently, the diaper industry starts to pay attention to environmental-friendly because the skin ailment from environmental pollution has been an issue. To conclude, children's cloth diaper should be appropriate to their body shape and optimized to have convenient form and functional materials. If environmental-friendly materials are used, quality, functionality, various demands from customers and vitalization of goods industry will be all satisfied.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.754-768
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• 2017

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of industrial aromatic organobromine chemicals that have been used since the 1970s as flame retardants in a wide range of consumer products and articles, including plastics, computers, textiles and upholstery. Commercial PBDEs were added to Annex A of the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants in May 2009. PBDEs are still frequently found in sludge and effluent from wastewater treatment plants, even though commercial PBDEs were prohibited or voluntarily phased out several years ago. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are not designed to effectively remove PBDEs. This indicates that there is an urgent need for new developments and improvements to enhance upon the treatment techniques which are currently available. Several studies have suggested the potential removal and degradation technologies for PBDEs in wastewater. In this study, the concentrations and compositional profiles of PBDE congeners in sludge and effluent are investigated by analyzing the relevant literature data in relation to their usage patterns in commercial products in North America and South Korea. The strengths and weaknesses of the current PBDEs removal techniques (i.e., biodegradation, zero-valent iron, photolysis, sorption, etc.) are discussed critically. In addition, future research direction regarding the treatment and removal of PBDEs from wastewater is also suggested, based on the literature review.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2020

현재 도시재생은 대부분 영구적이고 고정적인 계획방식으로 진행되고 있으며, 종합계획 특성상 주민들의 의견을 즉각적으로 수용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 일시적 활용의 전략을 기반으로 유휴공간의 활용요소를 도출하여 주민 인식조사 및 선호도 조사와 전문가 중요도 분석을 비교하여 일시적 활용 기법을 적용한 유휴공간 활용의 방향성을 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 거주민은 대상지 특성상 노후화된 물리적 환경을 먼저 개선하는 것을 선호하는 반면, 전문가는 빠르게 도시의 환경을 개선시킬 수 있는 일시적 활용의 특성을 담고 있는 활용방안을 중요도에 반영하여 그 순위의 차이가 있었다. 따라서 일시적 활용 전략의 중요성을 인식하고 두 집단의 우선순위 차이를 세분화하여 한시적으로 테스트(Test)를 진행함으로써 최적의 활용방안을 도출하여 종합계획에 반영하는 것이 바람직하다. 향후 일시적 활용 전략을 시행하고자 할 때 대상지 특성과 이용 패턴 분석을 통해 면밀한 사전조사와 이를 반영한 공간 활용 계획이 제시되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1998

In the years, the concern about high-strength concrete which is new material has been heightened as a result of active research and development. Recently, as the building structure has been being bigger, higher, longer and more specialized, the demand of material with high-strength concrete for building has been increasing. The demand of high -strength concrete is expected to increase with expansion of usage about the complex concrete structures such as bridge structure as well as nuclear plants, underground structures, hydraulic structures and arctic area sturctures. In this research, silica-fume was used as an admixture in order to get a high-strength concrete. Water/binder ration was limited no more than 18 percent and the amount of unit cement was increased. In this study, a number of trial in concrete mix was carried out to get optimal mix design, and the target slump with $10{\pm}2cm$ was set for in-situ construction. High-strength concrete with cylinder strength of 1,200kgf/$cm^2$ in the 28-days was produced and tested. The static test was carried out to measure the ultimate load, the initial load of flexural and diagonal cracking, crack patterns, fracture modes. The load versus strain and load versus deflection relations were obtained form the static test. The test results were compared with the shear strengths predicted by the equations of ACI code 318-89 and orther researchers. Based on the test results, shear strength equation of reinforced concrete beam using high strength concrete was proposed. Form an evaluation of the results of this experimental investigation, it was concluded that shear strength after diagonal tention cracking diminished with the increase in compressive strength for beams.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2004

The over-preparation of blood for elective surgery causes some problems such as returning of blood, inefficient task and loss of reagents. In recent blood transfusion practice, there has been changing patterns of blood use in elective surgery as various side effects of transfusion have become known and operation techniques are developed. This study was performed to evaluate the optimal utilization of blood for various elective and/or emergency surgery. We surveyed the quantity of blood transmitted to wards, returned to blood bank, and the number of crossmatching test done for the elective surgery of the patients at the D. University Hospital, the tertiary teaching hospital from August 1, 2001 to October 31, 2001. Crossmatched to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio) was calculated, in which C means the unit of accomplished crossmatching test and T means the unit of transfused blood component. The unit of transfused blood was analysed in terms of issuing time, sex, age, clinical department, and blood component type. The usage of bloods for the emergency surgery was also analyzed. In our study, C/T ratio was highest on Monday (1.54) and Tuesday (1.53), and higher in female patients(1.54) than in male patients (1.32). No significant relationship was observed between age groups. Among clinical departments, thoracic and cardiovascular surgery showed the highest C/T ratio (1.54). From above results, we could be sure that the management of transfusion practice was relatively appropriate in recent years, although the entire introduction of type and screen (T&S) method was desirable. If the T&S method is performed, the C/T ratio would be almost 1.00 and it would also relieve the duty of blood bank.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

정의된 SLA의 QoS를 지키기 위해서, 클라우드 시스템은 동적인 사용 패턴에서 발생하는 변화무쌍한 작업 부하를 처리해야 한다. 서비스 관점이외에도 에너지 소비를 최소화 하는 것이 또한 새로운 관심사이다. 이는 클라우드 데이타 센터에서 가상화된 자원을 할당할 때 클라우드 제공자들은 에너지와 성능의 상관관계를 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 호스트 컴퓨터의 작업부하 수준을 탐지하기 위해 동적 임계치를 기반으로 한 자원 프로비저닝 방안을 제시한다. VM선정 정책은 이주할 VM을 선택하기 위해 활용 데이터를 사용하며, VM 할당 정책은 서비스 평판도에 따라 VM들을 호스트에 지정한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 연구결과를 평가하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과 이주를 지원하지 않는 비 전력 방법뿐만 아니라 동적 임계치, 임의 선정 정책보다 성능이 우수함을 보였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

Over the years, the types of media and media usage patterns have rapidly changed and communication channels in society have diversified. The courses in the universities on "media" have accordingly been altered to adapt to these changes. To investigate the ways in which the higher learning institutions in Korea have adapted to the changes in the media environment, this study analyzed the curriculum provided by the communication/media departments in the areas of Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. For the curricula analysis,names of the course soffered at the selected universitie swere analyzed; then keywords were extracted from morphological analysis of thes enames. Also, to investigate the changes over time, the courses offered in the years 2008 and 2017 were selected. The network analysis was done by using Netminer; the shape, main components, and major nodes of the network were compared. The results showed that firstly, overall shape of network from 2008 and 2017 looked similar. Due to the existence of concentrations within the major, the overall shape of the network showed several independent components, rather than one network. However, the analysis revealed differences in major nodes in the 2008 case from 2017. In the 2008 case, 'programming,' 'media,' 'introduction' among others were the major nodes; in 2017, 'editing' was the most important node. This signifies that in 2017, the curricula in the selected universities emphasized more practical and technical media education. In other words, the universities have adapted to the changing environments by including new topics, paying more attention to video media, and providing students with more direct field experiences.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1999

인물이 가지고 있는 눈은 신체의 어떤 부위보다 풍부한 언어를 전달하거나 인물의 특징을 드러낼 수 있는 관찰 대상이다. 이러한 관점에서 인물이 가지고 있는 뛰어난 표정 물이라고 말할 수 있는 눈에 대한 표정연구는 영상기호를 효과적으로 구사해야하는 디자인에서 가장 관심 있는 연구대상이 아닐 수 없다. 한편 한국인은 전래적으로 관상학이라고 하는 담론을 가지고 있다. 상학은 수많은 사람들의 삶의 패턴을 통해 통계적으로 정리되었고 체계적으로 정리 분석된 결과물이라는 사실을 오늘날의 소비자들도 상당 정도 믿고 있는 듯하다. 본 연구는 일차적으로 인물의 표정에서 가장 중요한 단서가 되고 있는 눈의 표정을 상학적 담론을 근거로 하여 이것이 현대사회에서 소비자들이 느끼는 이미지와 어떤 상관관계를 가지고 있는가, 관계가 있다면 구체적인 활용에 대한 어떤 시사점을 발견할 수 있는가를 알아내기 위해 연구되었다. 연구결과는 극히 일부분의 이미지만이 상치될 뿐, 상당정도 밀착된 관계가 있음이 발견되었다. 그리고 눈의 표정은 입의 표정이 보정될 때 진정한 이미지가 형성된다는 사실도 발견되었다. 영상기호로서의 인물을 선택할 때 상학적 관점을 고려하는 것이 바람직하다는 결론이 도출되었다.