• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2013

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by impaired transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal renal tubule, resulting in the formation of cystine stones. It is believed to account for about 1% of all kidney stones and up to 10% of pediatric stones. Here we report a case of cystinuria with multiple renal stones confirmed by genetic mutational analysis. An 8-month-old girl was admitted to AMC with persistent fever and multiple renal stones. A renal sonogram showed multiple stones at the right renal pelvis, right distal ureter, and left renal medullary portion. An approximately 1 cm renal stone was extracted spontaneously, and stone analysis revealed it to be composed entirely of cystine. Cystinuria was confirmed by increased urine dibasic amino acid levels, including cysteine, and genetic mutational analysis showed the patient to be a homozygote for the pathogenic c. 1820del (p.L607fs) of SLC3A1. Despite treatment with oral hydration and urinary alkalinization, and restricted intake of animal protein, the stones increased in size and number. The patient has since been treated with tiopronin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.981-986
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• 2004

This study were investigated the effects of physiologically active compounds isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into six groups, normal, diabetic control (CM), and four experimental groups (inulin (IN), inulin + saponin (IS), oligosaccharide (OS), and total extract group (WE)). The rats have free access to water and diet. Experimental groups were administered orally with inulin (630 mg/mL), inulin (630 mg/mL) + saponin (25.2 mg/mL), oligosaccharide (367.5 mg/mL), and total extract (225 mg/mL) into the diabetic rats for 5 weeks after STZ injection; The levels of fasting blood glucose in diabetic control increased by 10.0% for 5 weeks, but the level of blood glucose in inulin and total extract groups decreased by 21.3% and 21.2%, respectively. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum of diabetic rats fed physiologically activity compounds were lower than those in diabetic control rats. HDL-cholesterol was similar among all the groups. Weights of testicle and heart were lighter, while weight of kidney was significantly increased in diabetic groups than normal group. The concentrations of serum protein insulin and albumin in diabetic groups were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group. Urinary glucose excretion was decreased in inulin group than other diabetic groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.15
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• 2021

Background: Intraoperative fluids are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine. In humans the dosage is associated with significant differences in postoperative outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three different fluid therapy rates in dogs undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Twenty-four female dogs were distributed into three groups: G5, G10, and G20. Each group was given 5, 10, and 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 of Lactate Ringer, respectively. This study evaluated the following parameters: central venous pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, acid-base balance, and serum lactate levels. Additionally, this study evaluated the following urinary variables: urea, creatinine, protein to creatinine ratio, urine output, and urine specific gravity. The dogs were evaluated up to 26 h after the procedure. Results: All animals presented respiratory acidosis during the intraoperative period. The G5 group evidenced intraoperative oliguria (0.80 ± 0.38 mL·kg^-1·h^-1), differing from the G20 group (2.17 ± 0.52 mL·kg^-1·h^-1) (p = 0.001). Serum lactate was different between groups during extubation (p = 0.036), with higher values being recorded in the G5 group (2.19 ± 1.65 mmol/L). Animals from the G20 group presented more severe hypothermia at the end of the procedure (35.93 ± 0.61℃) (p = 0.032). Only the members of the G20 group presented mean potassium values below the reference for the species. Anion gap values were lower in the G20 group when compared to the G5 and G10 groups (p = 0.017). Conclusions: The use of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 seems to be beneficial in the elective laparoscopic procedures over the 5 or 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 rates of infusion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a high fructose and fat diet on bone growth and maturation in growing female rats. Methods: Three-week-old female SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups; the control group (CON: fed control diet based on AIN-93G, n = 8); the high-fructose diet group (HFrc: fed control diet with 30% fructose, n = 8); the high-fat diet group (Hfat: fed control diet with 45 kcal% fat, n = 8); and the high-fat diet plus high fructose group (HFrc + HFat: fed diets 45 kcal% fat with 30% fructose, n = 8). Each group was assigned their respective diets for the remaining eight weeks. Bone-related parameters (bone mineral density (BMD) and structural parameters, osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinoline (DPD)) and morphologic changes of kidney were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Results: Final body weights and weight gain were higher in the HFat and HFrc + HFat groups and showed higher tendency in the HFrc group compared with those of the CON group (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference in caloric intake was observed among the four experimental groups. The serum OC levels of the HFrc and HFrc + HFat groups were lower than those of the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). Urinary levels of DPD did not differ among the experimental groups. BV/TV and Tb.N of trabecular bone were higher in the HFrc + HFat group and showed a higher tendency in the HFrc group than those of the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). Tb.Pf of trabecular bone were lower in the HFrc + HFat group than those in the CON and HFat groups (p < 0.05). However, no difference in trabecular BMD was observed among the experimental groups. Cortical bone volume was higher in the HFat and HFrc + HFat groups than in the CON and HFrc groups (p < 0.05). No morphology change in kidney was observed among the experimental groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 8 weeks of high-fructose and high fat intake could improve the bone quality (Structural parameters) of trabecular and cortical bone of tibia in growing female rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1163-1167
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• 2011

Excessive alcohol consumption causes various degenerative brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Absorbed ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde and acetic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde is well known as a toxicant through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, ALDH2 activity may play important roles in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of ALDH2 enzyme activity on lipid peroxidation in brain tissues and urine of mice exposed to ethanol for 8 weeks. Five male, 8-week old Aldh2 (+/+) and Aldh2 (-/-) mice (C57BL/6J strain) in each group were exposed to ethanol for 8 weeks (2 g/kg wt./day) using gavage, and those in the control group received 0.9% saline alone. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, a marker for lipid peroxidation, was measured in whole brain tissue and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, chronic ethanol treatment did not show any statistical change on the TBARS level of brain tissue in both Aldh2 (+/+) mice and in Aldh2 (-/-) mice. However, following ethanol exposure for 8 weeks in Aldh2 (-/-) mice, the urinary TBARS levels were significantly increased to more than double compared to the pretreatment group. This result was not observed in Aldh2 (+/+) mice. These results suggest that although ALDH2 enzyme activity plays a role in the generation of ROS in the whole body, it does not seem to be important in the pathogenesis of alcohol induced degenerative brain diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.651-657
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• 1993

The protective effects of dietary vatamin E and selenium on peroxidative damage and hematopoietic inhibition by lead poisoning were investigated in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150$\pm$5g were divided into six groups according to dietary vitamin E and / or selenium levels, i.e. control(vitamin E, 40mg/kg diet), 0E(without vitamin E, Se), 40E(vitamin E, 40mg/kg diet ; without Se), 200E(vitamin E, 200mg/kg diet ; without Se), 200ES(vitamin E, 200mg/kg diet ; Se, 0.5ppm) and 0Es(without vitamin E ; Se, 0.5ppm) groups. All experimental groups were fed ad libitum 2000ppm lead in diet except control for 4 weeks. Hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values of lead groups were lower than control group except 200ES group and were the lowest in 0E group. Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(ALAD) activities of blood and liver were sequentially reduced in 200ES, 200E, 0ES, 40E and 0E groups, compared to control, were as urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA) excretions were increased in the groups which represented low ALAD activity. Heapatic superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities was lower in 0E, and higher in 40E, 200E and 200ES groups, compared with control. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activities of liver were reduced in 0E and 40E groups, but those of 0ES, 200E and 200ES groups were significantly increased. Especially GPX activities in 200ES and 200ES groups were not different from control group. The reduced glutathione contents in liver were lowest in 0E and 40E groups, compared with control, whereas levels of the oxidized form were opposite phenomena of that. Liver lipid peroxide values of 0E, 0ES, 40E and 200E groups were 6.4, 2.9, 2.1 and 1.3 fold higher than control, respectively, but 200ES groups was not different from control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.987-994
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary seaweed in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ) for 7 weeks. The rats (Sprague-Dawley male rats, 180∼200 g) were divided into 4 groups : normal rats fed control diet (C), diabetic rats fed control diet (CD), normal rats fed seaweed diet (M), and diabetic rats fed seaweed diet (MD). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Urinary levels of calcium and uric acid, and blood levels of hemoglobin, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were not significantly different among groups. But high density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol of M and MD groups were higher than that of C and CD groups. Activity of hepatic microsomal G6Pase was significantly (p<0.05) lower in C and M groups than that of CD and MD groups. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) of M, CD and MD groups were significantly lower than C group (p<0.05), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of C, M and MD groups were higher than CD group. In conclusion, dietary seaweed may improve blood lipid profiles and GSH-related enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to study effects of different sources of protein, and of the different combination ratios of the two protein supplemented or unsupplemented with methionine on the growth and body metabolism of the growing male rats. Casein and isolated soyprotein (ISP) were combined at different ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50, 20:80 and 0:100 to supply the constant levels of dietary energy and protein of 3,600kcal/kg and 20%, respectively. Each combination was supplemented with either 0 or 0.3% methionine. Results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: The body weight and weight gain in the ISP diet were the lowest, but were increased with the increase of ratios of casein to ISP. The body weight gain in the ISP diet supplemented with methionine was similar to that in the combination diets of casein and ISP. The combination diets of casein and ISP supplemented with methionine had the higher weight gain than the casein diet. The food intake in the casein diet was the highest, and was increased with the increase of ratios of casein to ISP, and was lowered with methionine supplementation. The food intake in the ISP diet was the lowest and was not increased with methionine supplementation to the ISP diet. The food efficiency ratio of the combination diets of casein and ISP was improved compared to those of either the casein or the ISP diets. The food efficiency ratio was improved in the diet of either casein of ISP supplemented with methionine, but was not improved in the combination diets of casein and ISP with methionine supplementation. The gross energy intake had direct relation with the food intake of rats and the relation was increased either in the casein diet of with the increase of the ratios of casein to ISP. The energy efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were improved in the diet of either casein of ISP by the supplementation of methionine, and the effect of methionine supplementation of the energy efficiency and protein efficiency atio was increased with the increase of the ratios of ISP to casein. The nitrogen intake and urinary nitrogen excretion of the casein diet were the highest and those of the ISP diet were the lowest. They were increased with the increase of ratios of casein to ISP. The nitrogen balance and retention were not significantly among the treatments. The gross energy intake and fecal and urinary energy were the highest in the casein diet but the digestible and metabolizable energy and the digestibility and metabolizability of energy were not significantly different among the treatments. The body fat content of rats was increased by supplementation of methionine but the body protein content was decreased (r=-0.65, p<0.01). The body fat content of rats was negatively correlated with body moisture content (r=-0.83, p<0.01). The liver weight was highly correlated with the carcass weight (r=0.79, p<0.01), and was increased by the methionine supplementation and by the increase of the ratios of casein to ISP.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 1990

Enalapril maleate tablets of two different producers were tested for bioequivalence. Enalapril is rapidly metabolized to an active metabolite, enalaprilat which inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The pharmacokinetics of enalapril maleate and the time course of inhibition of plasma ACE activity after administration of the drugs were studied. Two single doses of 10mg each of enalapril maleate were administered orally to twelve male volunteers in a balanced, randomized, two-way crossover investigation. Plasma enalaprilat concentrations were determined over a 23-hour after the dose by enzyme inhibition assay and enalapril by the same method following in vitro hydrolysis. Urinary recoveries of enalapril and enalaprilat were determined for the calculation of renal clearance. Plasma ACE activity was determined by an enzyme assay. Peak plasma levels of enalapril were observed about 1 hour after the doses, and practically all enalapril had disappeared from plasma within 6 hour. Peak enalapril concentrations of both formulations were almost identical ($Vasotec^{\circledR}$, 61.38 ng/ml; $Beartec^{\circledR}$, 64.27 ng/ml). The values of the pharmacokinetic parameters of enalaprilat computed for $Vasotec^{\circledR}$ and $Beartec^{\circledR}$ tablets are presented in that order; area under the curve=330.63:320.96 $ng{\cdot}hr/ml$; peak concentration=38.63:39.43 ng/ml; time to peak=3.83:4.08 hour; elimination half-life=3.95:3.92 hours. No statistically significant difference was detected when area under the curve and all other parameters were compared. Using criteria of 95% confidence interval for the comparison of these parameters, only the upper limits of area under the curve and time to peak of enalapril were over 120%. All the parameters of enalaprilat were acceptable. Percent inhibition of plasma ACE to plasma enalaprilat concentration showed the sigmoid concentration-inhibition relationship. Time courses of plasma ACE inhibition after the administration of both formulations were quite similar. The formulations were found to be equivalent when compared on the premise that no significant difference was detected when pharmacokientic parameters and inhibition of ACE activity were compared, based on the confidence limits analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1294-1301
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• 2004

Soy foods are a unique dietary source of isoflavones, which have effects relevant to prostate cancer prevention. The present study determines the effects of a short-term isoflavone supplement on serum PSA (prostate specific antigen), lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immune system in prostate cancer patients. Ten prostate cancer patients were supplemented daily with 150 mg of isoflavone for 2 months. Blood samples were collected baseline and 2 month after for analysis of PSA, serum lipid profiles, total antioxidant status (TAS), grade of DNA damage in lymphocytes, IL-6, VEGF and TNF -$\alpha$. After 2 month isoflavone supplementation, increased significantly a total of estimated urinary isoflavone excretion and did not change PSA. Serum lipid profiles showed significant change in serum total cholesterol level (p=0.007). However, there was no significant change in HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. TAS was increased but not significant after isoflavone supplementation. Tail moment (TM) was decreased and especially tail length (TL) was decreased significantly (p=0.043). IL-6 level was decreased but VEGF level and TNF -$\alpha$ level were increased. The results of the present study led to the conclusion that the isoflavone dosage (150 mg) in supplement had positive effects on the serum total cholesterol level and DNA damage.