• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.187-210
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• 2012

Pumasi and Cooperative Child Care Sharing have had positive results among participants and show possibilities of spreading out to the community in general. However, performance was not proved where it is clarified, and the experience of 23 local Healthy Family Support Centers have that ran the demonstration project were unable to be collected. It is the point of time when the initial backing up is important but the centers do not have the systematic support. Therefore, this research presents an effective management plan through qualitative research involving Pumasi participants and person in charge. The operation strategies by the stage of the project were as follows: First, in the beginning stage, the person in charge establishes the target and vision of the project. Second, when comprising the Pumasi team, it was necessary to consider their characteristics according to the team organization subjects. Third, it is necessary to extend the turn-off time and provide many programs so that the various populations can participate. Fourth, in the advertising step, word of mouth and individual contact needs to be utilized. Fifth, in a medium or small city or an urban-rural complex area, the person in charge should support the participants' Pumasi activities. Sixth, various programs such as a passive and active parent education program and Pumasi education program for the leader needs to be provided for the activation of Pumasi activities. Lastly, a cooperative child care sharing location needs to be constructed by the duality system of the base space and outer space. In this location, the inside play space for the children is essential.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

Since the cohousing idea, originated in Northern Europe, was introduced in the U.S. by architects Kathryn McCamant and Charles Durrett in the early 1980s, there are recently the largest number of cohousing communities and rapidly expanded in the U.S. So, it is necessary to appreciate the cohousing communities developed in U.S. In this study, we investigated the physical characteristics of cohousing and the methods of its residents' participation by means of a case study on cohousing communities in U.S. and suggested the future direction of the cohousing community. Also, this work could be exploited when the cohousing is introduced to Korea. At first, the general status and characteristics of U.S cohousing was explored using diverse sources such as literature, paper and Web site. And then, the direct visit survey was used to obtain the more exact and specific data about physical aspects and residents' participation in each community. We found that cohousing communities were mostly located in the urban and Rural area, which was founded in the 1990s, and new communities continue to be created in the U.S. Typically, the number of households is from 20 to 30 in one community. The land is generally owned by the community itself and its size is within 10 acres. Communities usually serve optional group meals in the common house at least two or five times a week. Each member's income is separated and the community members should take care of their common properties. The leader of community does not exist and most communities don't have the organization of community members. All cohousing communities use consensus as the basis for group decision-making.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.55
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• pp.283-307
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• 2003

The social services for the elderly have been expending in order to respond to the rapid speed of aging. However, low utilization, exclusion and duplication have been pointed out as significant problems in service utilization of the elderly. This study tried to find out the utilization patterns of social services for the elderly: what kinds of and how many social services the elderly receive from what kinds of and how many organizations, and factors influencing utilization of the social services. It surveyed the entire population of the public assistance recipient elderlies at Kyonggi province in 1999. The results show that duplication is not so significant problem as the low utilization of social services. However, the fact that more than forty five percent of the elderly receives social services from more than two organizations requires the efforts for service linkage and coordination in social service delivery system. The factors, which have relatively big influence on the number of organizations which the elderly use for each social service, were sex and age among the predisposing factors, "living alone" and place for residency among the enabling factors and the number of illness, Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and inconvenience of housing among the needs factors. These results call for expansion of social services for the elderly especially in the way of achieving distribution balance between the rural and urban area and activation of case management practice and local association of social service delivery agencies for service linkage and coordination.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 1990

This study was carried out to explore the illness-related activities of the menopaused women. To achieve such a purpose, sixty-six cases of the middle aged women were sampled the naturally and the artificially menopaused group respectively from 1st, Aug. to 31th, Aug. in 1988. For the collection of data, 1, 140 women aged between 45-54 were selected through stratified sampling techniques in urban and rural area. Among them the final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced menopause naturally or artificially. And then, after control for age and education analysis was performed. The data was analysed by use of frequency, percentage, $X^2-test,$ t-test, Pearson correlation coefficiency and stop-wise multiple regression. The obtained results were as follows. I. As for the se1f-perception on menopausal symptoms, it was revealed than Korean women, neithe in naturally and artificially, accepted the change of menstruation itself as serious. This shows us that middle-aged women had positively receptive attitudes that the change of menstruation is follwed by amenorrhea. 2. The artificially menopaused group scored more than the naturally one: (I) on the self-control activities such as self-assessment, lay-consultation, fever check, pulse check and observation of vagina discharge, (2) on the self-decision activities such as hospital and pharmacy utilization, (3) on the self maintenance activities such as walking, aerobic, weight check, skin care, skin protect, calori control diet control, milk intake, vegetable intake, cold water drinking before meal, parasol use and BP check The above results lead us that the self care practices of the menopaused women revealed' coping wit I menopausal symptoms at the first level in community and must be developed by the adequate nursin intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.417-429
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• 1999

The status of general food service administration and nutrition education was investigated in 111 elementary schools located in Inchon Metropolitan Area by questionnaires. The results are as follows ; 1. Most schools served 5 lunches per week. Meal cost per capita was 1212.1 won in urban type school and 979.0 won in rural type school. Most schools(91.9%) had 1 regular dietitian and 1 regular cook. With increasing number of students the number of temporary employees increased significantly. Most school dietitians(86.5%) were in their twenties and had 2 year careers. 2. Most dietitians(90.1%) planned the menu based on the RDA with the first consideration in nutritional needs of the students. Many dietitians(81.8%) surveyed on the food preferences of the students at least once a year. About 86% of the schools had the food service committee which was helpful. Dietitians were the first one in charge of food purchasing and checking, and sometimes a manager in general school affairs worked together. One third of the schools used the volunteer parents in food services. 3. Most school dietitians(97.2%) gave the students nutrition education using handouts once a week. However, they could not teach the students through the classroom lecture because they are not the regular teachers. Food garbages were removed by the professional trash collecting company or by using fermentation machines or by giving them to animals as feeds. School events concerning the food and nutrition were mostly drawing pictures and composition. Only 36.4% of the school dietitians had experienced in nutrition counseling for an individual student. Most of them(99.1%) thought that individual counseling is necessary if they have enough time and chances to do.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.110-138
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• 1999

This study intended to understand the factors influencing the utilization of charged retirement home services for the elderly by stage of discision making. At the same time the purpose of the study is also to present the results of this study as data for the expectation of the demand. The subject of this study was non-utilizer (635 persons) and utilizer (62 persons) of charged retirement home services over the age of sixty. Non-utilizer was selected by random sampling in urban and rural area, and utilizer was investigated by census survey in the three charged retirement home. The research method was interview survey by questionaire. The questionaire was composed of 59 items, 25 variables, 5 components. The research model was to add Andersen's Prediction Model. The components were predisposing component, enabling component, need component, actualizing component, psychologic component. The results of this study were as follows. 1)In the stage of recognizing the residence problem, the recognizer were 76.7% (487 persons) of all the non-utilizer. The factors of influencing were property (B=-4.1E-05), solidarity with children (B=-.1070), house satisfaction (B=-.2517), need of charged retirement home (B=.2614). 2)In the stage of selecting an altenative as utilizing of charged retirement home services, the selecter were 41.1% (261 persons) of all the non-utilizer. The factors of influencing were perception of charged retirement home (B=.2790), need of charged retirement home (B=.2971). 3)In the stage of decion-making, the decider were 29.6% (188 persons) of all the non-utilizer. The factor of influencing was need of charged retirement home (B=.3570). 4)In the stage of the actualization, the factors of influencing were charge ability of utilization (B=.1025), significant others (B=.1868). The upper results were implemented by using the statistical methods of frequency, t-test, $$\chi$^{2}$-test, multiple logistic regression ( and P 〈 .05 ).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.432-438
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• 2010

LIDMOD2 was developed for evaluation of low impact development (LID) and best management practice (BMP) by modification of Site Evaluation Tool (SET). The modification includes employment of SCS-CN method for annual runoff simulation, unit load method for annual pollutant loads simulation, and the method proposed by Korean TMDL for calculating pollutant reduction by BMPs. The CN values were updated with regionalized parameters within Nack-Dong River basin because these are important parameters for simulating hydrology. LIDMOD2 was tested by applying to Andong Bus terminal. As a simulation results, pollutant loads and surface runoff will be significantly increased by post-development without LID compared with those from pre-development. LID technique was simulated to efficiently reduce surface runoff and pollutant load and increase infiltration. LIDMOD2 is screening level tool and easy to use because LIDMOD2 is based on spread sheet and most of parameters are regionalized. LIDMOD2 was illustrate that it could evaluate LID well by summarizing and graphing annual hydrology, annual pollutant loading, and hydrograph for event storm. The calculation methods related with pollutant loads are employed from the guideline of Korean TMDL and it can be useful tool for Korean TMDL to evaluate the effect of LID/BMP on developing area.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.25-40
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• 2003

Since Korea open her ports to the West, she had undergone a great change under the alien influences both on the macro-social and micro-social aspects. This study aims to review the korean housing, corresponding with the everyday life, during the period of transition between the 1876 - 1910 and to interpret its process of modernization and the meaning of modernity. With regards to understand the holistic human relationship and place pf living through history, this study takes the Nobert Elias' Civilization Theory as a theoretical basis. References were therefore, made to various records of foreign missionary at the time, with respect not only to macro sociological changes but also to changes of everyday life. It is of course to take physical and structural aspects of housing architecture into consideration. These works, thus, led to presuming the housing culture of said period. In order to investigate modern character of korean housing, distinctively represented by spatial structure, considerations were made to various architectural examples according to the social and residential status both in urban and rural area. As a results, this paper came to the remarks as follows; 1. It is understood, that the process of modernization is a part of the process of civilization as synthetic process. It is integrated with the change of socio-cultural aspects and everyday life. 2. Korean housing in the said period shows various different residential status and grade of civilization according to the social status as well as economical status. Modern housing was not in general yet. 3. Housing for high classes and middle classes in Seoul shows a tendency of assimilation and imitation after western model. But some examples within the housing of high classes represent its own modernity, that is based on the rationalism and equalization 4. In the housing of lower classes, it was very far from the benefits of civilization. It could analogize from the immature control of disgrace, from undevelopment of individual territory and from uncultivation of rationality in the housing space.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2010

This study aims to examine the type of residents' participation in village making including the case of "Making Happiness Village" -in the Jeollanam-do province and "Village Making" -in Haenam-gun. The study examines the potential and effects of these projects, draws conclusions and suggests the future direction of village making projects. The results of this study are summarized below. "Making Happiness Village" should be evaluated in detail as it has contributed to the successful and development of traditional Korean residential culture, and has helped to activate and develop agricultural and fishing villages through the improvement of the residential environment and attraction of urban people into the rural area. It also showed the possibility of a project to be settled as a representative of Namdo satisfying the demand for sustainable development. In order to enhance the integrity of a village making project, its master plan must be established and utilized by considering the current status and characteristics of a village, improving its physical environment and seeking a method for economic activation. Policy and economic support from central government and local governments are also required for such a project. The residents' autonomous organization,necessary for unifying the residents' capacity, must organize their own group, such as "Residents' Conference for Village Making (tentative name)" to integrate the existing organizations (women's association, youth group, etc) and establish a conference system to discuss and solve the current issues of the village.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

This study was designed to examine the meaning of housing in modern Korea, and to draw the interrelationship of people and housing. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the qualitative research investigated various aspects of housing history among four individuals during the different phases of social and economic transitions. Each narratives showed the unique characteristics of life history, and the conceptual frameworks for interpretation were microsociological approach by Morris and Winter(1978) and pathway approach by Clapham(2005). One narrater named "K" had gone through various housing experiences since her birth in 1933 at a traditional Korean housing, and she moved to a traditional rural community. Another narrater called "S" was born in housing built during the Japanese colonization, gained wealth through the housing boom of the industrialization, and has lived in a suburban condominium. "G" spent her entire life in an urban area, had never owned a house, and lived in a house with poor quality. The other narrater named "L" had lived in a single-family home with a large yard since her childhood, and she has resided in multi-family housing by herself after having a lot of experiences of building houses. The results revealed that housing could play as a simple role as a shelter, be transformed over family life cycle, become prestige of extended family, social and family status, investment. Meaning of housing from the pathway approach were closely related to hometown, the relation to birth family at postmarriage, economic status, and housing experiences according to the social change. As a conclusion, the meaning of housing is vary, and housing conveys numerous implications including psychological, social and economic aspects.