• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.325-341
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• 2011

The population and employment of Cheongju have increased rapidly since the 1970s. This study examines the industrial employment change of Cheongju City and performs a shift-share analysis for the employment growth. The data used in this study are mainly from the 1985, 2000 and 2005 Census of Population and Housing. This study first explained the population change and industrial structure of Cheongju, then reviewed the development of shift-share models. Location quotients and specialization coefficients resulted from this study revealed the diversifying tendency in the urban industrial structure. Shift-share analysis employing the modified Arcelus model elucidated the favorable industrial mix and the competitiveness of industrial sectors. As a whole, Cheongju has advantageous industrial structure in comparison with that of the nation. All sectors of Cheongju except several services sectors grew faster than those of the nation and showed positive competitive effects. It is suggested to utilize more disaggregated industrial data in more fractured subperiod in order to pinpoint the competitive industries.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 1999

The necessity of school health promoting projects is well known to many researchers, however, there is a lack of research on the development of strategies for school health programs and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs. The results of our previous study in 1996 identified poor eyesight as one of the several health problems among elementary school children in urban areas. The main objective of this study is to develop, implement, and evaluate vision care for elementary school children. The research method utilized a quasi experimental design using non-equivalent group, pre-post comparison. The sample consisted of all second grade children in two elementary schools in Kyung-giProvince. In order to prevent a contamination effect of the vision care program, one school was selected as a control and the other school was selected as a treatment group. The experimental school had 467 children and the control school had 402 children. The visual acuity of children in both group was measured and a survey questionnaire was sent out to parents on the knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to vision care before the program was implemented. The children of the experimental school received the following programs; separate education on proper nutrition and care of eyesight for children and parents, daily eye exercises using video tape, and an essay and poster contest on healthy eyesight. The eye exercise program lasted from March, 1997 to November, 1997. On November, 1997, visual acuity was measured again from children in both schools. The data was analyzed by using SAS statistical package. The results indicate that the children in the experimental group had significantly (p〈0.001) better eyesight than the children in the control group. Also, some of the behavior highly related to the poor eyesight are poor maternal eyesight and watching TV from a short distance. In conclusion, one of the significance of this project is that the vision care program was developed after the need assessment. It will be encouraged in the future that more school health program should be developed after a need assessment. Also, inclusion of family members was important in health promoting projects within a school setting since healthy behavior needs to be reinforced at horne as well as at school.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2016

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has previously been used by water industry to treat high salinity wastewater. In this study, an anoxic-oxic biofilm-membrane bioreactor (AOB-MBR) system has been developed to treat mustard tuber wastewater of 10% salinity (calculated as NaCl). To figure out the effects of operating conditions of the AOB-MBR on membrane fouling rate ($K_V$), response surface methodology was used to evaluate the interaction effect of the three key operational parameters, namely time interval for pump (t), aeration intensity ($U_{Gr}$) and transmembrane pressure (TMP). The optimal condition for lowest membrane fouling rate ($K_V$) was obtained: time interval was 4.0 min, aeration intensity was $14.6 m^3/(m^2{\cdot}h)$ and transmembrane pressure was 19.0 kPa. And under this condition, the treatment efficiency with different influent loads, i.e. 1.0, 1.9 and $3.3kgCODm^{-3}d^{-1}$ was researched. When the reactor influent load was less than $1.9kgCODm^{-3}d^{-1}$, the effluent could meet the third discharge standard of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard". This study suggests that the model fitted by response surface methodology can predict accurately membrane fouling rate within the specified design space. And it is feasible to apply the AOB-MBR in the pickled mustard tuber factory, achieving satisfying effluent quality.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.239-250
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• 1995

With speeding up the process of being international municipality, the gravity of lacking parking lots in Shanghai urban area, which directly blocks the traffic in the city, has been revealed. This thesis analyses present automobiles parking capability and forecasts the future's needs for the city. To solve the problem, the concept could be to expand parking areas in city center recently to relax the tention and to do thoughtful planning in the near future on the foundation of fully consideration the trend. The municipal government has to set up policy properly, amplify regulations, strenthern the administration and open up a path to raise founds. Berween road system administration which is dynamic and parking lot system administration which is static, there are a knot on macroscopic meaning and an interference as well. The coordination of these two systems would be reflested on the effects of whole municipal traffic adminisration. Basically, public parking lots are city's foundal facilities, just like roads, bridges, etc. The main problems now in Shanghai are large parking space demands, insufficient facilities, cheap parking expenses comparing with the cost of parking lots construcion and poor administration. According to the forecast on social economy development, there will be 580 thousand automobiles in Shanghai by the year 2000, and the amount of private cars will increase greatly. The frequency of automobiles going out will be 1.45 million per day. Public parking lots being able to afford 105 thousand units are needed. To satisfy the demands, the recent aim of planning should be speed up the parking lots construction, the planning objective in next period should be developing reasonably and exceed the demands properly. In order to realize the planning objective, the government has to formulate correct policy and amplify administration regulations. The government has to adopt both administration and economy means, including charging parking people reasonably, collect necessary taxes, bringing the parking lots planning into general municipality planning, opening up an effective path to raise founds, such as set up founds for parking lots construction, issue bonds and stocks, get loans at home and abroad, etc.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.723-730
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• 2015

Background: This study was performed to assess patient symptoms prevalence, frequency and severity, as well as distress and coping strategies used, and to identify the relationships between coping strategies and psychological and physical symptoms distress and demographic data of cancer patients. This cross-sectional descriptive study involved a total of 268 cancer patients with various types of cancer and chemotherapy identified in the oncology unit of an urban tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires (demographic questionnaire, Medical characteristics, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and Brief COPE scales and analyzed for demographic, and disease-related variable effects on symptom prevalence, severity, distress and coping strategies. Results: Symptom prevalence was relatively high and ranged from 14.9% for swelling of arms and legs to 88.1% for lack of energy. This latter was the highest rated symptom in the study. The level of distress was found to be low in three domains. Problem-focused coping strategies were found to be more commonly employed compared to emotion-focused strategies, demonstrating significant associations with sex, age group, educational levels and race. However, there was a positive correlation between emotion-focused strategies and physical and psychological distress, indicating that patients would choose emotion-focused strategies when symptom distress increased. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that high symptom prevalence rates and coping strategies used render an improvement in current nursing management. Therefore development of symptoms management groups, encouraging the use of self-care diaries and enhancing the quality of psychooncology services provided are to be recommended.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

The lineament extraction from satellite images is important in the geologic studies including groundwater and mineral exploration, groundwater survey, natural hazard analysis, and many others. The lineaments in remote sensing images are identified by the difference of pixel values or brightness. Since the visual interpretation is apt to be influenced by the knowledges and experiences, many of the automatic lineament detection algorithms are developed to ensure the objectives and efficient outputs. DSTA (dynamic segment tracing algorithm) is one of such algorithms, which can be applied to not only mountainous area but also alluvial area. However, when the alluvial area is wider than mountain region, somewhat severe noises are generated. To reduce such noises, AERA (alluvial effect reducing algorithm) is proposed and tested for the image which contains mountains, cultivated land and urban area. Upon the application of AERA, alluvial effects in lineament extraction from satellite image are substantially reduced.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The ecological background of a restoration project is complex and difficult to betermine without experimentation. A useful context for experiments is the well-studied process of natural succession, because the factors that drive or inhibit succession are also at work during reclamation (a form of primary succession) and restoration (which often resembles secondary succession). Using experimental studies on urban wasteland reclamation, we have tested for factors that stimulate or inhibit succession during early phases of woodland development in the Northeastern United states. The emphasis has been on mutualisms (seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizae) and microsite limitations in the recruitment, growth, and reproduction of woody plants. Using plantings of seeds, seedlings, and clusters of reproductively mature plants on abandoned landfills, we have observed that (1) soil microsite deficiencies lead to very poor germination (<0.1$\%$) and seedling survival (<0.01$\%$) of most native species; (2) seed dispersal by birds is a significant and reliable source of woody plant recruitment; however (3) proximity effects are strong, with most (up to 95$\%$) of seed rain falling in the vicinity of planted clusters that are closest to putative seed sources; and (4) remnant natural woodlands are critical components of the recruitment process. To emphasize the last point, in one case, we found that the destruction of approximately 50$\%$ of nearby natural woodland vegetation led to a commensurate decline in seed rain. In another case, we found that the species richness of recruits was strictly limited by the species composition of nearby source plant communities, with no evidence of community enrichment by long distance dispersal over 5 years. We conclude from these results that the size and proximity of remnant natural populations are critical considerations when planning reclamation and restoration programs that rely on natural successional processes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1996

Home health care is one of the important components of health care services. Today, the need and demand for the home health care is increasing. To assess the effects of home visit health services by public health nurses in health center on the stat of health, use of medical services and quality of life by elderly people living at home, a randomized controlled trial was implemented for 65 years or more old people randomly allocated to intervention(93) and control(118) group. Intervention group received 2 visits a month over 6 months. Control group received no home visits. The data was collected in a one-year follow-up survey conducted at Kyongju before and after the intervention which composed of health risk assessment, risk factor education and health related behavior counseling. The prevalence rate of chronic illness was more decreased in intervention group than control group after intervention. The intervention group visited medical facilities less frequently than control group. And the home visit health services encouraged the elderly to practice regular exercise. After the intervention, the score of ADL(activities of daily living), LSI(life satisfaction index) and SSI(social support index) in intervention group were more increased than control group. And the increase of scores was more prominent in 70 years or more old people, female, non-smoker and non-chronic illed elderly rather than others. In conclusion, the regular home visit health services provided by public health nurses were beneficial for the elderly in terms of health promotion and quality of life.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.819-826
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• 2009

The present study, we purposed to surveyed how much Korean natives' valuation of value traditional food as a tourism resource and their perception of traditional food, and to measured the attractiveness and potential of traditional food. For this purpose, we reviewed previously published studies research on traditional food and tourism resources, and conducted a questionnaire survey of urban citizens in Seoul on traditional food. Three hundred distributing 300 questionnaires were distributed and recovering 242 of them were returned. In this study, SPSS for Windows 16.0 was used for empirical analysis and the subjects' demographical characteristics were analyzed through frequency analysis. In addition, reliability analysis were performed to test the overall reliability of the empirical survey and collected data. Factor analysis was conducted to integrate variables, and the effect of the attractiveness of traditional food on purchase intention for traditional food was tested through multiple and simple regression analysis. Inquiring By surveying into the attractiveness of traditional food as a tourism resource, this study attempted to formulate a causal relation model among major variables, and examined the effects of the attractiveness of traditional food as a tourism resource on purchase intension based on Korean natives’ perception of and attitude toward traditional food, which is a Korean cultural heritage. Furthermore, and furthermore, made we provided suggestions for the improvement and development of traditional food.