• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.246-248
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• 2018

Urban development and population have augmented the increase of impervious land-cover. This phenomenon has amplified the effects of climate change and increasing urban island effects due to increases in urban temperatures. Seoul, South Korea is one of the largest metropolitan cities in the world. While land uses in Seoul vary, land cover patterns have not changed much (under 2%) in the past 10 years, making the city a prime target for studying the effects of land cover types on the urban temperature. This research seeks to generalize the urban temperature of Seoul through a series of statistical tests using multi-temporal remote sensing data focusing on multiple scales and typologies of green space to determine its overall effectiveness in reducing the urban heat. The distribution of LST values was reduced as the size of urban forests increased. It means that changing temperature of large-scale green-spaces is less influenced because the broad distribution could be resulted in various external variables such as slope aspect, topographic height and density of planting areas, while small-scale urban forests are more affected from that. The large-scale green spaces contributed significantly to lowering urban temperature by showing a similar mean LST value. Both of concentration and dispersal of urban forests affected the reduction of urban temperature. Therefore, the findings of this research support that creating urban forests in an urban region could reduce urban temperature regardless of the scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2015

This study examined the potential effects of urban growth on streamflow in the Gyungan River watershed, Korea, using urban containment scenarios. First, two scenarios (conservation and development) were established, and SLEUTH model was adapted to predict urban growth into the year 2060 with 20 years interval under two scenarios in the study area. Urban growth was larger under scenario 2, focusing on development, than under scenario 1, focusing on conservation. Most urban growth was predicted to involve the conversion of farmland, forest, and grasslands to urban areas. Streamflow in future periods under these scenarios was simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Each scenario showed distinct seasonal variations in streamflow. Although urban growth had a small effect on streamflow, urban growth may heighten the problems of increased seasonal variability in streamflow caused by other factor, such as climate change. This results obtained in this study provide further insight into the availability of future water resource and can aid in urban containment planning to mitigate the negative effects of urban growth in the study area.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 1997

This study analyzes behavior characteristics of illegal urban stall keepers scattered in the metropolitan area and their effects to urban life. The main findings of this study are follows. First, the stall keepers are different in terms of 1) items 2) opening hour and 3) user characteristics depending on locational environment of market boundaries. Second, the stall keepers exit in any time and any place if demand exists. Third, the effects of stall keepers to urban life are twofold ; they facilitate urban life by providing cheap and various commodities/services and they bring about negative effects such as obstacle to traffic flows, waste generation, and so on.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.19-30
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• 2011

This study analysis effects of creativity character on the nation's urban areas and the competitiveness of the urban. The result is that talent of urban creativity effects on the competitiveness of the urban. However, technique and tolerance had not great effect on the competitiveness between cities. After departmentalizing the arrangement of urban creativity, Advanced services constantly appear to affect the competitiveness. Researchers of talent in 2000 and 2005, a culture artistes of tolerance in 2005 and 2009, appeared to affect the competitiveness of urban. In other words, this is changing that the indicators which is impacted on the competitiveness of the urban and each indicator's power with time. According to the result, the study suggests solutions. First, policy direction has to be setting by appropriate the character creativity in urban. Second, there needs the policy which is more focused on talent and tolerance for improving the creativity of urban. For the specific, there needs suggestion about cultural artist and researchers. Finally, considering about changing the urban creativity with time, policy direction has too be setting by reflecting this change.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been widely studied as a global concern of the 21st century. Heat generation from urban built-up structures and anthropogenic heat sources are the main factors to create UHIs. Unfortunately, both factors are expanding rapidly in Lahore and accelerating UHI effects. The effects of UHI are expanding with the expansion of impermeable surfaces towards urban green areas. Therefore, this study was arranged to analyze the role of urban cooling intensity in reducing urban heat island effects. For this purpose, 15 parks were selected to analyze their effects on the land surface temperature (LST) of Lahore. The study obtained two images of Landsat-8 based on seasons: the first of June-2018 for summer and the second of November-2018 for winter. The LST of the study area was calculated using the radiative transfer equation (RTE) method. The results show that the theme parks have the largest cooling effect while the linear parks have the lowest. The mean park LST and PCI of the samples are also positively correlated with the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). So, it is concluded that urban parks play a positive role in reducing and mitigating LST and UHI effects. Therefore, it is suggested that the increase of vegetation cover should be used to develop impervious surfaces and sustainable landscape planning.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

The development of science and transportation technology leads to the increase of inter - city networks that play an important role in urban growth. Overall, numerous studies based on network theory pay attention to positive effects of urban network on urban growth. However, some studies have pointed out the negative effects of inter-city interactions such as straw effects. This implies that the network between cities may not be positively correlated with urban growth, and that the direction of the influence may vary from a certain threshold, such as the marginal utility curve. In this context, the purpose of this study is to measure the impacts of network with central city on urban growth in the capital region and examine the relationship between urban network and growth. Two multiple regression models are employed with changes in population and employment as dependent variables. The urban network index and other control variables are used as independent variables. Especially, the urban network indexes are used in quadratic forms to examine non linear relations with urban growth such U-shape or an inverted U-shape. The results show that the relationships between networks with the central city and urban growth are not a simple linear, and the influence can be changed from the critical point.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.675-680
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• 2010

Temperature is one of the main issues in climate change, and the urban heat island effect in highly developed urban areas is an important issue that we need to deal with. This study analyzed the extent of the cooling effects of urban green spaces. The study used a surface temperature map of Seoul. It found that the cooling effects of green space was observed within limited distances, although it varied a little depending on the parks investigated. The cooling effect distance ranged from 240m to 360m, averaging about 300m. It also found the size of an urban green space does not make much difference in cooling the surrounding areas. Although further investigation with diverse urban areas should be conducted on this matter, the results did imply that many small green spaces in the neighborhood are more effective than a single big green space in mitigating the heat island effects of cities.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2019

This study investigates the impacts of urban land-use fraction and temperature advection on the urban heat island intensity over the Seoul metropolitan area using the UM (Unified Model) with the MORUSES (Met Office Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme) during the heat wave over the region from 2 to 8, August 2016. Two simulations are performed with two different land-use type, the urban (urban simulation) and the urban surfaces replaced with grass (rural simulation), in order to calculate the urban heat island intensity defined as the 1.5-m temperature difference between the urban and the rural simulations. The land-use type for the urban simulation is obtained from Korea Ministry of Environment (2007) land-use data after it is converted into the types used in the UM. It is found that the urban heat island intensity over high urban-fraction regions in the metropolitan area is as large as 1℃ in daytime and 3.2℃ in nighttime, i.e., the effects of urban heat island is much larger for night than day. It is also found that the magnitude of urban heat island intensity increases linearly with urban land-use fraction. Spatially, the estimated the urban heat island intensities are systematically larger in the downwind regions of the metropolitan area than in the upwind area due to the effects of temperature advection. Results of this study indicate that urban surface fraction in the city area and temperature advection play a key role in determining the spatial distribution and magnitude of urban heat island intensity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.527-544
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• 2018

Urban regeneration is a project to enhance the competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the contents and expected effects of urban regeneration projects. In this study, we classified and analyzed the contents and expected effects of the 11 neighborhood urban regeneration pilot projects. The main results are as follows; First, physical regeneration is the most popular in terms of project contents, and social approach is the most typical for the expected effects. Second, the project of social regeneration is mainly focused on strengthening the capacity of residents. Third, the most expected effect of physical regeneration was about the improvement of landscape. Fourth, the most expected effect of social regeneration was the contents of residents' participation. Finally, there is a need for the development of projects that can expect a combination effects rather than a single effect. The urban regeneration new deal projects need to pay more attention to projects that can have various effects based on the development of competitive urban contents.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.461-471
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• 2018

The role of urban agriculture should not be limited as a small-scale crop cultivation activity as it was, but it has to be considered as an entire process of a agriculture activity for the restoration of the city community. This study is based on the assumption that there has been a significant change in urban lifestyle and urban farming preference, considering the overall improvement in standard of living after implementation of five day work week system. It was conducted for urban citizens who were interested in actual urban agriculture for ages 19 and over who visited the Korea Urban Agriculture Exhibition in 2018. Only 115 valid samples were used for the empirical analysis. To analyze the demographic characteristics and effects of urban agriculture, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted. In order to analyze the reliability and validity of the measurement variables of the effect, the variables that deteriorate the validity were removed and 15 variables of the urban agricultural effect were selected. According to the result of factor analysis, three factors were extracted as follows: socially sustainable effect, negative effect and economically sustainable effect. In order to examine the effects of urban agriculture depending on income level, the one-way ANOVA, which is a statistical technique for verifying differences in the sample means, was performed. The psychological stability of people, the recovery of humanity through communion with nature, and the vitalization of agriculture linked with local agriculture had significant correlations with income level. The negative effect showed no significant correlation with income level. The improvement of the local environment was found to have an impact in relation with income level. We expect that there will be more studies on policies for the new types and models of urban agriculture in order to make it easier for urban citizens to approach it.