• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.411-431
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• 2022

In this paper, implications for future curriculum compilation were sought by analyzing the process and results of compiling books for elementary school mathematics textbooks government published according to the 2015 revised curriculum. The 2015 revised elementary mathematics textbooks government published was operated with a systematic compilation system so that academia and school field experts across the country could demonstrate their expertise. As improvements in content, the unit and time to strengthen basic computational skills were increased, and the mathematical concept and principle introduction method and algorithm presentation method were improved, and the internal connection between contents was strengthened. The learning period was adjusted, such as moving and arranging contents that are difficult for students to understand to the upper semester or the upper grade. In the 1st and 2nd graders, the amount of reading was drastically reduced to suit the students' level of Korean, and sentences and vocabulary were improved, and instructions were briefly revised. As for editing and design improvements, illustrations of each unit's introduction and contextual pictures were presented in detail, and the characters in the textbook were consistently presented across all grades, giving children characters a role to actively participate in learning in the textbook. In the process of compiling, the media, the National Assembly, and civic groups raised opinions that sentences and vocabulary in first-year textbooks are more difficult than students' level of Hangeul education, that reducing textbooks makes it difficult for students to understand. Accordingly, efforts to improve textbook compilation and the results were viewed. Through the overall analysis as above, for future compilation of state-authored textbooks and certified textbooks, a plan to improve textbook compilation for students and teachers and a plan to operate compilation was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

Understanding the nature of science (NOS) has been a major component of scientific literacy and an important learning goal in science education (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990, 1993; Millar & Osborne, 1998; National Research Council, 1996, 2013). To achieve this goal, it is necessary to include appropriate views of the nature of science in science curriculum such as a textbook. The aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of the elementary science textbooks to examine the presentation of the nature of science (NOS) using the four themes of scientific literacy, which are (1) nature of scientific knowledge, (2) nature of scientific inquiry, (3) nature of scientific thinking, and (4) nature of interactions among science, technology, and society (STS). Findings show while $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ grade levels of science textbooks heavily emphasize on the Theme I, nature of scientific knowledge and the Theme II, the nature of scientific inquiry, the upper grade levels such as $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grades of science textbooks are well balanced with the four themes of the nature of science. In addition, most of elementary science textbooks little focus on the Theme IV, nature of interactions among science, technology, and society (STS) among the four themes of the nature of science. It might be a shortcoming because the understanding the nature of interacions among science, technology and society (STS) is one of the key components in order for students to be a scientific literate person.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-142
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• 2018

This research analyzed domestic researches on early algebra education which are published in six major mathematics education journals in Korea. The purpose of this work is to grasp trends of early algebra education in Korea and to draw up future tasks. From 2000 to 2017, 89 papers which are related to early algebra education published in 6 journals. The 89 papers were categorized by research period, academic journals, research topics, and research subjects. As a result, the number of researches on early algebra education in Korea has increased since 2000. Although early algebra education belongs to the field of elementary mathematics education, lots of papers were published in other math education journals than in the math education journals for elementary school mathematics. Most research focused on proportional reasoning across the algebraic content area. The majority of the research subjects were students, especially upper-grade students of elementary school. Based on the results of this study, some implications for early algebra education in Korea were suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2010

Objectives: In this study, knowledge of environmental disease, experience of environmental health education and necessity of environmental health education of elementary school pupils were compared and analyzed. Methods: The population of this study was from grade 1 to 6 elementary school pupils in Ulsan city, Korea. Five elementary schools were randomly selected from Ulsan City. Seven hundred and twenty-eight responses from the five schools were analyzed (seventy-two were excluded). A self-administered questionnaire measuring sociodemographic variables, Knowledge of environment related disease(atopic dermatitis, asthma etc), as well as educational experience and necessity of environmental health education was analyzed. The survey results were analyzed using SPSS-PC Program 12.0 and the following results by implementing Frequency Analysis, Cross-tabulation Analysis and ANOVA are as follows. Result: Pupils of lower grades more informed than those of higher grades about atopic dermatitis. Among asthma sufferers, many responded that symptoms occurred or improved during the lower grades of elementary school. In terms of the lifestyles of patients with atopic dermatitis or asthma, female pupils, especially those in the lower grades, tended to make changes in their daily habits based on their disease. Also, parents tended to intervene/mediate more in the dietary habits and personal hygiene habits of lower-grade pupils compared to their higher-grade counterparts. Personal hygiene education is currently not provided in schools, and upper-grade pupils have more experience with personal hygiene education compared to lower grade pupils. 430 (59.0%) of pupils replied that education about personal hygiene is necessary in their curriculum. 490 (67.3%) of elementary pupils are aware of the close connection between education in hygiene and human health. When asked if education in hygiene should also be undertaken by teachers and parents, 406 (55.7%) students said that it should be done. Conclusions: Developing a concrete health education program and raising instructors' awareness of the necessity for education in hygiene. Placement of professionals in the personal hygiene education field, is important to provide good health education for elementary school pupils.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

In upper elementary period school adjustment and the effect of parenting face a new set of dynamics. We assumed that parental supervision, affection, incoherence, over-expectation, over-interruption and logical explanation would have an effect on individual trajectories in the development of school adjustment. Additionally, we hypothesized that this model would be different among boys and girls. In this study we analyzed three waves of data collected from 2,378 children nationwide in South Korea. This data was gathered from the Panel Study of Korean Youth and Adolescents conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI). Growth-curve longitudinal analysis was conducted and the results indicate that levels of school adjustment had decreased through the $4^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade. Parents' supervision, affection and logical explanation significantly predict children's initial school adjustment as well as their rate of decrease in their levels of school adjustment. Parents' supervision had a positive effect on girls' school adjustment. Parents' over-expectation had negative effect on boys' school adjustment levels. Policy implications and future directions for research were also discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.190-198
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changing trajectory of self-esteem and to explore contemporaneous and lagged effects of social supports(family, friends, and teacher) of 4th graders in elementary school to 9th graders in middle school. The subjects were 1,296 multiethnic students, who participated in the Multicultural Children and Adolescents Panel Study(MCAPS) from 2011 to 2016. The results of piecewise growth function showed that students' self-esteem was increased during upper grade in elementary school but soon deceased during middle school. Individual differences were found at initial, 1st and 2nd changing status. Students with higher level at initial status in self-esteem showed less increased pattern during elementary school but greater decreased pattern during middle school. In addition, supports from family and teacher showed contemporaneous effects across all 6 years while supports from friends showed such effects only for 5 years except 9th grade. Lagged effects of family were found in elementary school and significant lagged effects with supports from friends were found at 6th and 8th grade. The results of this study imply that the social support of family, friends, and teacher has an important role to encourage the self-esteem of multicultural adolescents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 1995

This survey of 180 6th-grade students was focused owl the differences of nutritional and anthropometric status according to calorie Intakes. The results were summarized as followed : 1) All nutrient intakes of boys were higher than those of girls, and both groups had lower calcium and iron intakes compared with RDA. But all the nutrient Intakes were showed significantly different among three groups divided by percentile of calorie intake(lower 25%, 25∼75% and upper 25%), therefore it suggested that subjects had a large individual variance. 2) Mean height, weight, TSK, and blood pressure of boys were 145.5cm, 40.6kg, 19.3mm, and 114.5/68.4mmHg respectively, and girls were 148.4cm, 38.9kg, 16.7mm, 112.3/67.0mmHg. The differences in anthropometric status according calorie and calcium intake were not found. This study showed protein intake had influence on height and weight of boys.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.523-530
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• 2010

Objectives : In order to provide basic data necessary for developing oral health education plane for school continued oral health education by understanding knowledge and activities of oral health. Methods : This study was performed against 324 students at 5th grade of 2 elementary schools in Iksan-si, Jellabuk-do selected through convenience sampling, who were in mixed dentition period that might experience dental caries of permanent tooth. Results : As results, For the knowledge level on oral health by questions, it was found that the case that the elementary school students had correct knowledge on oral health was 'chocolates, snacks, and candies were foods that might often cause dental caries' and 95.8% of the students recognized it well. It was found that for 'must do toothbrushing before going to bed', 'during toothbrushing, I clean my tongue', and 'Proper time necessary for toothbrushing is about 3 minutes', 89.3%, 93.2%, and 89.3% of the students knew the, respectively. When oral health knowledge level by groups was divided into 3 groups and observed, they were classified into Low (0-4 points), Mid (5-7 points), and High (8-10 points). It was found that the knowledge level of each group was High 64.1%, Mid 33.9%, and Low 2.0% and it was identified that the high group took the largest ratio. It was suggested also for oral health knowledge level depending on their father's academic background that there was a statistically significant difference in the group higher than university graduate(p<.05). It was found for oral health knowledge level depending on parents' dental condition that an answer that both parents were good was high and there was a statistically significant difference. But post-analysis resulted that there was no apparent difference among groups. It was found that the ratio of respondents who answered for toothbrushing method 'toothbrush should be moved and rotated downward for the upper teeth and upward for the lower teeth to clean the teeth and gum' were 33.2% of male students and 29.4% of female students and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It was found also that the ratio of respondents who answered to use a toothbrush for about 3 months' were 29.4% of male students and 25.5% of female students and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions : Oral health program through the elementary school students and their parents for the development of proper oral health care education programs continue to be made should be considered.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence, society is moving to a different world. As a result, amid growing interest in artificial intelligence education, research on how to teach artificial intelligence is also being conducted more actively in Korea. However, a lot of research is being conducted around the upper grades of elementary school, and curriculum and programs for the lower grades are insufficient. Therefore, this study developed an artificial intelligence program for lower grades. Among them, it was developed focusing on artificial intelligence image recognition. It compares image recognition methods of people, animals, and computers, identifies the characteristics of fallen leaves, and helps them understand the image recognition process of artificial intelligence by classifying them according to the characteristics of fallen leaves. I hope this program will help elementary school students understand the image recognition principle of artificial intelligence in the future.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

With the spread of smart phones, the Internet became a major 'space' of students' daily life and, at the same time, negative aspects of the internet are affecting their life. However, it doesn't seem that there is enough research on this subject. This study was conducted on 278 students in Gyeonggi. The results were as follows. First, gifted students' information and communication ethics index was higher than general students. Second, there was no statistically significant difference according to the gender of information and communication ethics index. Urban districts showed lower index in the upper grades than the lower grades. Third, about 10% of the students had experience of contact with harmful content, and about 1% of students had experienced cyber-wrongdoing. Through the results of this study, systematic education of IT ethics at the elementary school grade level can be expected to prevent school violence, improve information and communication culture, and serve as a future work ethic.