• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. But male sports athletes had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. Because ready-made clothes manufactured in companies are produced accordingly to the general person's body types. To solve this problem, it is necessary to classify athletes' upper body into several kinds of somatotypes. The purpose of this study was to classify upper body types of male sports athletes based on the analysis of their upper body types and to provide fundamental data on the development of ready-to-wear clothing appropriate for the upper body types. The subjects for anthropometric measurement were 189 male sports athletes of 20 to 29 year-old. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements through analysis and those factors comprise 73.807% of total variance. 3 clusters were categorized using 6 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was taller than other types, had average size in circumference, width and thickness and was bending somatotype. Type 2 exhibits a large circumference in the upper body and straight somatotype. Type 3 was characterized by short, exhibits a large circumference in waist, abdomen and hip and swayback somatotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to classify somatotype and to investigate the 15 measurements for the clothing construction. The size of sample was 467 females between age 6 and 60. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the 15 measurements by group and somatotype. The results of the study were as follows; 1) All the measurements were significantly different among the groups except the Vertebralis angle. 2) Concerning the upper part of the body, Standard somatotype was found more frequently in group IV. V compared with the other, Turning over somatotype in group I. II, Bending somatotype in group VI. VII. VIII. Concerning the under part of the body Standard somatotype was found more frequently in group IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. compared with the other, Forward-turning over somatotype of the lower help body and Turning over somatotype in group I. II. III. when the upper part of the body was turning over somatotype, the under part of the body was generally Turning over somatotype or Forward-turning over somatotype. When the upper part of the body was Bending somatotype, the under part of the body was commonly Forward somatotype.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. But high-school boys had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. To solve this problem, it is necessary to classify boys' upper body into several kinds of somatotypes. The purpose of this study was to classify upper body types of high school boys based on the analysis of their upper body types. The subjects for anthropometric measurement were 99 high school boys of 16 to 18 year-old. The result of factor analysis indicated that 5 factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements through analysis and those factors comprise 68.44% of total variance. 3 clusters were categorized using 5 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was taller than other types and was bending somatotype. Type 2 was straight somatotype and had average size. Type 3 was characterized by short and small figure and had bending somatotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.1 s.160
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• pp.44-56
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to provide fundamental data on the development of dress shirts pattern appropriate for the body types of athletes. The research subjects are 257 athletes from wrestling, bodybuilding, weight lifting, Judo, canoe, rowing. In regards to the category used in the measurement of bust somatotype, there are 48 types directly measured, 4 types indirectly measured, 7 types calculated and 1 bodyweight of type, making it 60 categories in total. The bust somatotype of a sports athlete and general person were compared together and after examining the characteristics of the bust somatotype, the somatotype of sports athlete was divided according to drop. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Questionnaire Results of the questionnaire showed that 63.4% of the respondents chose dress shirt as the most uncomfortable upper garment for athletes. And as for the result of the most uncomfortable body part turned out to be 'the neck is tight'. 2. Somatotype Analysis Results of direct, indirect measurement and the average somatotype of 97 National standard physique were compared. The characteristics of somatotype of athletes with well-developed upper body are that they are taller and have longer upper body and arms than the general person. And also the width of the trunk is wider, the girth bigger and the waist measure relatively slimmer. Looking at sports by category, it we could see that wrestlers were the largest neck parameter and width. Bodybuilders were the largest body parts for most categories. Weight lifting and Judo athletes were the largest waist and buttock. Canoe and rowing athletes were the largest height and arm parts. Dividing the somatotype of athletes according to drop, 72.8% of the research group belonged to the body type that resembled the letter Y.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.663-678
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• 2009

The growth of the middle school girls show big difference among the individuals and the development of each area of the body is not uniformed but diverse which could be understood as the period that the problems on the fit of the clothes occur extensively. Therefore, in this study, the somatotype of the middle school girls are intended to be categorized for the highly applicable clothes design. For this, the 3 middle schools in Jeonju were selected for anthropometric measurement of 324 middle schools. The items of measurement are related to the somatotype of middle school girls, clothes design which is consisted of total of 50 items. For the basic data of clothes was judged that the classification of somatotype related to the tops and bottoms would be rational; hence, it is classified into the upper part and lower part of the body to extract the body shape consistent factor. As a result of analyzing the factors, the upper body consistent was extracted as the 4 items: upper body circumference, upper body length, breast growth and arm length. It was displayed as 75.26% explicability. The lower body consistent factors are extracted as lower body height, lower body circumference, hip length, and rear shape with 78.62% explicability. To classify the somatotype of upper body and lower body, each factor score is made into the independent viable for group analysis. As a result, the upper body was classified into the 'upper body with small breast and long' and 'upper body with big breast'. The lower body was categorized as 'lower body with long hip length' and 'standard lower body'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.983-994
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to provide fundamental data on the development of ready-to-wear clothes appropriate for the body types of elderly women. The study was conducted targeting 318 elderly women over 60 years of age whose fields of action were colleges for the elderly, sports centers, or business sites in Seoul and the neighboring districts. A total of 44 features in the upper body were used for the anthropometric measurement and analysis using anthropometry and photometry. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Somatotypes were classified into three types according to a cluster analysis using height and weight indices. Type 1 is the group with long and undersized upper body and straight body type since the face of the upper body is long relative to height and width, girth and depth are the smallest relative to weight, the breasts are somewhat fat, with a small extent of drooping and a straight back. Type 2 is the group that is considered fat relative to the body, has broad shoulders, drooping breasts with a wide space between them, and a back-bent upper body. Type 3 is the group that has a bent shape, the shortest upper body relative to height, and showing average obesity factors. 2. Indices of height and weight were used for factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis in order to classify upper body somatotype according to shape while excluding size factors of elderly women＇s upper body somatotype. The same method was used to compare and verify the result according to the absolute measurement and height index. Classification based on height and weight indices demonstrate that such somatotype classification minimizes the personal equation of body shape and it induces better classification based on shape as the results showed the highest cumulative sum of square(CUSUM) at 78.38% while six factors showed the smallest result and the hit rate for the classified three groups showed the highest result at 95.30%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.9-17
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• 2007

Somatotype is human body shape and physique type which can be classified not only by the size, but also by the shape or posture of the body. Postural variations in the alignment of the back, shoulder, and neck can have an adverse effect on the fit of garments designed to hang from the shoulders. There have been some previous studies about the lateral upper torso by analyzing photographic measurements. In this study, 3D body scan images were used to classify the side somatotype of upper lateral method even though they are major data in the classification of upper torso. This study focused on following objective.; 1) To apply new and developing technology into the apparel industry analyzing 3D body scan images. 2) To classify upper laterla torso using the data through the new improver technology, 3D body scanner. 3) To propose basic materials for well fitted garments for each type of figure. The test subjects for this study were two hundreds nine female aged 19 years and up who were recruited in Cornell university body scan research team. Seventeen Variables(12 angles, 5 lengths) out of 3D body scan data were measured based on these landmarks and applied to analyze. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax and those factors comprise 62.5% of total variance. And the somatotype of upper body is classified into 3 types of figures according to cluster analysis; Bent forward posture, Straight posture, Swayback posture. Future study could be addressed about the somatotype of body by the age group based on the large database with wide variety of age.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to classify the somatotype around a upper body of 30's men. The subjects were 202 working men aged from 30 to 39 and the data of 33 items including computed items were analysed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. Re results were as follows: As a factor of somatotype in evaluating males in 30's, the horizontal area represented the chest circumference at scye and the breadth items, the vortical region indicated hit length posterior, front length, back length, the breadth difference and the length difference. The somatotype by cluster analysis was classified with 3 type. Type I as the Roher's index 1.21 indicating the smallest in the circumference and weight item was classified as the thin and long featuring bending somatotype. Type 2 with the Rohrer's index 1.35 showing the mid-group between type 1 and 3 had the highest distribution rate as the balanced featuring the standard somatotype. Type 3 as the rohrer's index 1.40 was the largest physical condition group in the obesity featuring the turning over somatotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to classify the upper half of body somatotype and analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subjects of survey were 272 elementary school boys of 11 to 12 years old living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Datas were collected through 36 anthropometric measurements and 7 photographic measurements. They were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The results of the study were as follows : 1. According to the factor analysis. seven factors were extracted from measurements of the upper half of body and those factors comprised 79.62% of total variance. Specially factor 1 was characterized sectional size and factor 2 was characterized longitudinal size comprised 58.83% of total variance. 2. According to the cluster analysis, the upper half of body somatotype was classified four types : Boys in type 1 had quite high stature and big frame, broadest and most sloping shoulders, flattest chest and belly, quite protruded shoulder blades boys in type 2 had quite short stature and small frame, quite broad and most rising shoulder, most protruded belly, quite protruded shoulder blades boys in type 3 had shortest stature, smallest frame, narrowest and quite rising shoulders, most protruded chest, flattest shoulder blade and quite flat belly : boys in type 4 had highest stature, biggest frame, most protruded shoulder blades and quite protruded chest and belly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.864-875
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• 1999

This study was done to classify type os arms and to correspond these types with partial somatotype of upper body such as lateral views of upper body shapes of shoulder. The subjects of this study were female college students of twenties 58 anthropometric and photographic data were measured. The results were as follows : 1. Form the factor analysis arm girth/armscye size factor arm length factor the slope of lower arm, arm factor the curves of armscye the roundness of arm/shapes of shoulder the slope of upper arm factor were obtained. 2. By using factor scores 4 clusters of arm types were extracted. The characteristics of these clusters were projections of armscy slant of lower arm thick-set canelike. 3. Four types of arm were corresponded with the specified lateral views of upper body directions of shoulder slopes of shoulder.