• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.414-421
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• 2022

Subsea oil and gas exploration is increasingly moving into deeper water depths, and typically, subsea pipelines operate under high pressure and temperature conditions. Owing to the difference in these components, the axial force in the pipe is accumulated. When a pipeline is operated at a high internal pressure and temperature, it will attempt to expand and contract for differential temperature changes. Typically, the line is not free to move because of the plane strain constraints in the longitudinal direction and soil friction effects. For a positive differential temperature, it will be subjected to an axial compressive load, and when this load reaches a certain critical value, the pipe may experience vertical (upheaval buckling) or lateral (snaking buckling) movements that can jeopardize the structural integrity of the pipeline. In these circumstances, the pipeline behavior should be evaluated to ensure the pipeline structural integrity during operation in those demanding loading conditions. Performing this analysis, the correct mitigation measures for thermal buckling can be considered either by accepting bar buckling but preventing the development of excessive bending moment or by preventing any occurrence of bending.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2008

Purpose: To date most research related to patients with breast cancer has discriminately investigated the status within or after the treatment although the patients demand holistic nursing care from the time of diagnosis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the trajectory of breast cancer diagnosis and patients' experiences in the pre-treatment period. Method: This qualitative study used qualitative thematic analysis. Nineteen Korean women who were diagnosed with breast cancer within the last 6 month participated in the study. Individualized interviews were conducted with each participant in a cancer center in K city. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the thematic analysis process. Results: The overriding theme was "the scattered life in an unforeseen swirl", which illustrates the participants' unexpected crisis with confusion and emotional distress. Two subthemes included "falling into an unavoidable journey", and "staggering in a muddle with urgency". The categories were "unexpected probability", "nagging nodularity", "ominous presentiment", "emotional upheaval", "bad thought intrusion", and "a sense of urgency". Conclusion: Patients in the pre-treatment period encountered utter emotional distress and a sense of urgency after being diagnosed breast cancer. Strategies to develop nursing care for patients in this period and nursing implications are discussed.

• Strategy21
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• s.32
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• pp.71-96
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• 2013

Not much research has focused on the combat history of the Manchu invasion of Korea. In particular, the role of the navy has not been properly examined. However, the naval forces of the Joseon Dynasty were critical to the military strategies adopted by the leaders of Joseon and the courts of the Ming and Later Jin dynasties. Therefore, by investigating the role of Joseon's navy, we can establish a better understanding of the dynamic situation in East Asia during this period. This paper traces the specific naval strategies of Joseon and also looks at the parts played by the Ming and Later Jin dynasties, based on their historical records. The main part of this paper consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 will uncover the reputation and the actual military strategies of Joseon's naval forces during this period. Chapter 2 will discuss the military strategies devised by the Ming and Later Jin courts as a reaction to each other and to Joseon's naval power. Last, Chapter 3 will examine how the naval forces of Joseon and Qing collided at Ganghwa Island in January 1637 and afterward Qing's requisition of Joseon's navy in its fight against the Ming. In conclusion, when Joseon's naval forces were strong enough to protect Joseon, they maintained the military status quo in East Asia. However, when their strength was superseded by that of the Later Jin's naval forces in a very short time, Joseon was forced to experience the worst humiliation in its history and East Asia to undergo a violent upheaval, the replacement of Ming by the Manchu/Qing dynasty.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.215-241
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• 2014

Steel catenary riser (SCR) is a popular/economical solution for the oil/gas production in deep and ultra-deep water. The behavioral characteristics of SCR have a high correlation with the motion of floating production facility at its survival and operational environments. When large motions of surface floaters occur, such as FPSO in 100-yr storm case, they can cause unacceptable negative tension on SCR near TDZ (touch down zone) and the corresponding elastic deflection can be large due to local dynamic buckling. The generation, propagation, and decay of the elastic wave are also affected by SCR and seabed soil interaction effects. The temporary local dynamic buckling vanishes with the recovery of tension on SCR with the upheaval motion of surface floater. Unlike larger-scale, an-order-of-magnitude longer period global buckling driven by heat and pressure variations in subsea pipelines, the sub-critical local dynamic buckling of SCR is motion-driven and short cycled, which, however, can lead to permanent structural damage when the resulting stress is greatly amplified beyond the elastic limit. The phenomenon is extensively investigated in this paper by using the vessel-mooring-riser coupled dynamic analysis program. It is found that the moment of large downward heave motion at the farthest-horizontal-offset position is the most dangerous for the local dynamic buckling.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2013

The L.A. riots, which happened during three days from April 29 to May 1, 1992, are viewed as the most deadly and destructive riots in American history. Depicted in blaring front-page headlines and violent pictures on television, this urban upheaval received epic exposure in many countries. In Korea, it was especially shocking due to the viewpoint that highlighted the conflict between Korean and African Americans. This paper aims to review the black-Korean conflict during the 1992 L.A. riots in a Korean movie, Western Avenue. It is a film that narrates the despair of Korean Americans in the context of the L.A. riots, while placing American ideologies on trial. It is the only feature-length film to portray the story of Korean Americans in the L.A. riots. This paper examines some of the factors that resulted from the 1992 L.A. riots before the discussion of Western Avenue. Then, the paper analyzes the story of the Korean American in the film, focusing on how this film deals with the black-Korean conflict during the 1992 L.A. riots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2005

Recently, due to lack of sand suppy, the cost of sand has increase. Therefore, alternative materials are needed. So, in this study the Crush Stone Compaction Pile used in America and Europe has been compared and analyzed Sand Compaction Pile used in Korea. Tests were performed at various sizes of Crush Stone and replacement ratio. Frist, it was compared and analyzed with low and high replacement ratio with the same size of crush stone. Second, it was compared and analyzed with different size of crush stone at constant replacement ratio. The result of these tests were compared with sand of the same replacement ratio. Here, the properties that were comares and analyzed are the ultimate bearing capacity and quantity of ground upheaval.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2009

In Korean history, Fengshui and Buddhism were closely connected in a harmonious and interrelated manner, together influencing the location and function of Buddhist temples, the forming of social and spatial ideologies, the spread of Fengshui, the development of Buddhist Bibo-Fengshui, ete. The interaction between Fengshui and Buddhism, which began after the introduction of Zen Buddhism in the late-Silla period, acted as a spatial ideology that empowered the powerful local gentries to trigger a social upheaval in the late-Silla period and was used by the government leaders for political purposes throughout the Goryeo period. In the Joseon period, the link between Buddhism and Fengshui weakened and was felt only at a grass-roots level.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2019

This study focuses on an improved prediction model to determine the limiting grouting pressure of compaction grouting considering the ground surface upheaval, which is caused by the three-dimensional conical shearing failure. The 2D-dimensional failure curve in Zou and Xia (2016) was improved to a three-dimensional conical shearing failure for compaction grouting through coordinate rotation. The process of compaction grouting was considered as the cavity expansion in infinite Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) soil mass. The prediction model of limiting grouting pressure of compaction grouting was proposed with limit equilibrium principle, which was validated by comparing the results in El-Kelesh et al. (2001) and numerical method. Furthermore, using the proposed prediction model, the vertical and horizontal grouting tube techniques were adopted to deal with the subgrade settlement in Shao-huai highway at Hunan Provence of China. The engineering applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model were verified by the field test. The research on the prediction model for the limiting grouting pressure of compaction grouting provides practical example to the rapid treatment technology of subgrade settlement.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2022

Since Tim Berners-Lee introduced the idea of the web to the world in the late 1980s, the way information is produced, accessed and used has been constantly changing. This was once again an era of upheaval after Apple's Steve Jobs introduced the smartphone to the world in the mid-2000s. Before the advent of smart devices, web browsing was mainly done using desktops. After the advent of this device, the era of solving almost all human needs with a small PC in the palm of your hand has arrived. The necessity of seamless connectivity between devices, which are constantly emerging and evolving, asks our attention more than ever. In this study, we will discuss a case of design and development of a national open access website, which is optimized for dynamic online user behaviors with diverse devices. Our goal is to provide one true web for people to use in their environment. Device makers need to provide products identical to the desktop environment as much as possible. Service providers should also provide services optimized for each device in hyper-connected environments. Providing a web, optimized for user's online context, will eventually result in a sustainable user experience.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.223-258
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• 2022

The 2018 local elections completely upended the composition of Busan's city council, with the council membership changing from being solidly and consistently conservative to being over 80% liberal. What explains this anomalous outcome? While existing literature suggests the outcome of the 2018 city council elections was the consequence of a combination of structural and strategic factors, such as the decline of regional voting, we argue that the individual-level evaluation of President Moon Jae-in is one of the primary factors driving this result. Although coattails effects are commonly considered in concurrent national legislative elections, the Presidentialized and nationalized politics of Korea makes it possible for Presidential elections to affect local elections as well. We assess our explanation through an analysis of repeated cross-sectional survey data collected just before the 2018 local elections. The results of the analysis show that support for the Democratic Party is very strongly predicted by individual-level evaluation of President Moon. When considered in the context of the timing of presidential and local elections, the results suggest that Presidential coattail effects are capable of destabilizing established political patterns, such as regional voting, if perhaps only in a sporadic and idiosyncratic fashion, depending on whether or not local elections are held early on in a President's term.