• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1991

장기간의 연속적 오존조사와 식이항산화제 및 식이지방의 불포화도가 생쥐의 폐와 간조직의 지질산화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험동물들은 각각 0.25ppm, 0.50ppm의 오존 또는 정상적 대기환경에서 18개월간 식이항산화제의 수준과 식이지방의 불포화도를 달리한 실험식이들에 의해 사육되었으며 조직의 지질과산화의 정도는 Thiobarbituric acid 반응물질의 농도와 free malonaldehyde의 농도에 의해 측정되었다. 본 연구의 결과, 장기간의 오존조사는 실험식이의 종류에 관계없이 폐조직과 간조직의 지질과산화를 유도하지 않음이 발견되었으며 식이중 비타민 E의 함량과 조직 의 지질과산화생성물의 농도와는 역의 관계를 나타냈고 적절한 식이비타민 E 의 첨가(30ppm)는 식이지방의 불포화도에 관계없이 조직의 지질과산화를 억제하는데 효과적임에 관찰되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

The ability of Hep-G2 cells to process $[^{125}I]LDL$ under basal conditions was investigated. The receptor-binding and internalization of $[^{125}I]LDL$ increased with the time of incubation in a saturable manner. After 4 h of incubation, 31.4 ng of $[^{125}I]LDL$ was cell bound. The cells rapidly internalized $[^{125}I]LDL$ via specific, receptor-mediated endocytosis. The amount of internalized $[^{125}I]LDL$ reached a maximun of 96.7 ng at 2 h of incubation and remained constant for the next 2 h. The rate of degradation of internalized $[^{125}I]LDL$ proceeded in a linear manner over the entire 4 h of incubation after an initial lag period. The effects of individial fatty acids (C18:0. C18:1, C18:2. and C18:3), differing in their degree of unsaturation. on the receptor-binding, internalization and degradation of $[^{125}I]LDL$ were also investigated. Inclusion of 1.0 mM of each fatty acid into the culture medium significantly increased $[^{125}I]LDL$ metabolism in Hep-G2 cells. Among the fatty acids tested, stearic acid had the least effect on the receptor-binding activity. There were no significant differences among the unsaturated fatty acids in LDL-receptor binding. The effect of individual fatty acids on the $[^{125}I]LDL$ uptake was similar to that of the receptor-binding. showing a significantly lower effect with stearic acid. The amount of degraded material of internalized $[^{125}I]LDL$ was the lowest with stearic acid when it was compared with unsaturated fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1113-1125
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• 2020

Objective: This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product on modulation of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers. Methods: Functional compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were detected in wheat bran (WB) solid-state fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea for 16 days (FAC). In animal experiment, 400 d-old broiler chickens were allotted into 5 groups fed control diet, and control diet replaced with 5% WB, 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC respectively. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, serum antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiles in pectoral superficial muscle were measured. Results: Pretreatment with hot water extracted fermented product significantly reduced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells death induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Birds received 5% and 10% FAC had higher weight gain than WB groups. Cecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria were diminished and increased respectively while diet replaced with FAC. For FAC supplemented groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 35 days only, with catalase elevated at 21 and 35 day. Regarding serum lipid parameters, 10% FAC replacement significantly reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein level in chickens. For fatty acid composition in pectoral superficial muscle of 35-d-old chickens, 5% and 10% FAC inclusion had birds with significantly lower saturated fatty acids as compared with 10% WB group. Birds on the 5% FAC diet had a higher degree of unsaturation, followed by 10% FAC, control, 5% WB, and 10% WB. Conclusion: In conclusion, desirable intestinal microflora in chickens obtaining FAC may be attributed to the functional metabolites detected in final fermented product. Moreover, antioxidant effects observed in FAC were plausibly exerted in terms of improved antioxidant enzymes activities, increased unsaturated degree of fatty acids in chicken muscle and better weight gain in FAC inclusion groups, indicating that FAC possesses promising favorable mechanisms worthy to be developed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.222-244
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• 2002

A mixture of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids from the oils of pine nuts was well resolved to five fractions differing by degree of unsaturation by silver ion solid-phase extraction column chromatography ($Ag^{+}$-SEC). Polyunsaturated fatty acid with non-methylene interrupted conjugated double bond (NMiDB) radical held more strongly to silver ions in the column than methylene interrupted conjugated double bond (MiDB) one when they had the same number of double bonds. Although both the picolinyl ester and DMOX derivative provided clear mass ion species powerful enough to elucidate the structure of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with NMiDB and/or methylene interrupted conjugated double bond (MiDB) radical in the oils, the picolinyl ester of PUFA with NMiDB radical did not provide a cluster of mass ions neighboring diagnostic mass ions induced by the double bond in the proximal to the carboxyl group. However, the DMOX derivative of PUFA with NMiDB group as well as MiDB showed abundant mass ion species differing by gaps of 12 amu, which made it possible with greater ease to locate the double bonds in the molecule. The oil contained $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ (46.2 %) and $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ (25.4 %) as main components, and considerable amounts of PUFAs with NMiDB radical such as ${\Delta}^{5.\;9.\;12}-C_{18:3}$ (16.0 %), ${\Delta}^{5.\;9}-C_{18:2}$ (2.3 %) and ${\Delta}^{5.\;11.\;14}-C_{20:3}$ (0.8 %).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate effects of dietary fat content and degree of saturation on the function of the immune system. Sixty male BALB/c mice average-weighing 17g were divided into three dietary groups: 5% safflower oil group, 20% safflower oil group, 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group. Food intake and body weight were measured every day. At 4th, 7th, 10th week after dietary treatment, organ weight measurements, delayed-type hypersensitivity test, plaque forming cell test, agglutination test, differential white cell count and histological examination of spleen were performed. Results are follows; 1) Body weight, food intake and calorie intake were not different in the three dietary groups during the experimental period($\alpha$=0.05). 2) Liver weight was significantly higher in 5% safflower oil group($\alpha$=0.05). Spleen index was slightly higher in mice fed 5% safflower oil and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil. Thymus index in all mice was decreased by aging. 3) Delayed-type hypersensitivity of the mice fed 5% safflower oil and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil was significantly higher than that of the mice fed 20% safflower oil. 4) The number of plaque forming cell was significantly reduced at 10th week compared to 7th week in all group($\alpha$=0.05). Although there was no difference in plaque forming cell among three groups at 10th week, 5% safflower oil group showed slightly higher plaque forming cell than 20% safflower oil group at 7th week. 5) At 4th week, agglutination test seems to be higher in 5% safflower oil group and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group compared to 20% safflower oil group. 6) Percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was slightly reduced in 20% safflower oil group. 7) Spleen tissue was not affected by and dietary treatments. According to our results, the higher the fat content & unsaturation of the diet the lower the cell-mediated immunity of the mice. Humoral-immunity did not appear to be affected by the dietary manipulation. However humoral-immunity was decreased significantly by aging in all dietary groups.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2002

고농도의 ethanol을 갖는 청주를 생산하기 위하여 일본양조협회 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10호 균주로부터 ethanol 내성 균주 Saccharemyces cerevisiae SE211균주를 분리하였다. 분리 균주는 10%(v/v) ethanol이 포함되어 있는 배지에서의 성장속도가 빨랐으며, 높은 ethanol 농도에서도 성장이 가능하였다 또한 ethanol내성, 내삼투압성, 내열성 등이 원균주에 비해 우수하였다. 선발균주의 세포막 성분을 분석한 결과 sterol, phospholipid의 함량은 원균주와 차이가 없었으나, 지방산의 조성비는 차이를 보였다 또한 분리균주는 외부자극에 대한 저항성을 나타내는 물질로 알려진 세포내 trehalose의 함량이 원균주에 비해 증가하였다 따라서 선발균주의 ethanol내성 및 ethanol배지에서의 높은 성장속도는 세포막의 fatty acid및 세포내 trehalose함량을 변화시키는 능력이 높은 것에 기인한다고 생각되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 1989

Capillary column GLC 및 GCMS를 병용하는 분석방법을 이용하여 식물유 트리글리세리드 분자종과 산화안정성과의 관계를 밝히기 위해서, 규산 컬럼으로 분획한 대두유 트리글리세리드를 모델 시료로 하여 $60^{\circ}C$, 암소에서 저장하면서 산화에 따른 트리글리세리드 각 분자종의 산화안정성을 조사하였다. 대두유 트리글리세리드의 주요 분자종은 LLL(19.6%), OLL(17.4%), PLL(14.2%), OLO(10.2%) 및 PLO(9.4%)이었으며, 트리글리세리드 분자종의 산화안정성은 전반적으로 구성불포차지방산의 이중결합수가 적을 수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그런데 트리글리세리드를 구성하는 불포화지방산들의 이중결합수가 같을 경우는 불포화도가 낮은 지방산이 결합되어 있는 분자종의 산화안정성이 높았고, 또 결합되어 있는 불포화지방산의 이중결합수 및 불포화도가 똑같은 경우에는 공존하고 있는 포화지방산의 acyl의 사슬길이가 짧은 분자종의 산화안정성이 높은 것으로 밝혀져, 식물유 트리글리세리드 분자종의 산화안정성에는 구성불포화지방산의 이중결합수와 불포화도 및 공존하고 있는 포화지방산의 acyl기의 사슬길이가 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 1995

냉동내성빵효모의 냉동내성기구를 규명하기위한 일환으로 세포의 막 유동성에 관계되는 지질분석을 행하였다. 그 결과, 냉동내성효모 $D_{2-4}$나 CFY보다 비냉동내성 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2001이 스테롤 : 인지질의 비율이 비교적 높았다. 또 인지질조성이 조사되었는 데, 세효모 모두에 있어 phosphatidylcholine 함량이 가장 높았다. Phosphatidylcholine : phosphatidylethanolamine의 비율은 냉동내성효모가 비내성효모 보다 높게 나타났다. 인지질에 연결된 지방산 함량을 보면, linoleic acid 함량은 $D_{2-4}$에서 높게 나타났으며 지방산의 불포화도는 $D_{2-4}$가 CFY나 S. cerevisiae보다 높았다. 이 결과에서 yeast 세포막의 유동성은 각 효모마다 다르며, 이것들이 저온에서의 효모의 동결장해에 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다. 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1993

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of degree of unsaturation (Experiment 1) and the chain length of constituent fatty acids of dietary fats (Experiment 2) on-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activities in the liver and small intestine of chicks. Chicks were fed experimental diets for 10 days and then killed for the determination of the HMG-CoA reductase activities in the intestinal epithelial cell and hepatic microsomes. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity showed the highest value in chicks fed the tallow-containing diet. Chicks fed diets containing safflower or coconut oil resulted in a significantly lower intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity in comparison with those fed the olive oil-containing diet. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly higher when fat-free and trilaurin were fed than when any other triglycerides were fed. This activity showed the lowest value in the chicks fed the diet containing tristearin. The HMG-CoA reductase activities in the jejunum and ileum were significantly or tended to be higher when trilaurin was fed than when any other triglycerides were fed. Except when trilaurin was fed, the presence of saturated fat in the diet did not have a significant effect on the intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity, unlike the effect shown when a highly unsaturated fat was added to the diet. There was no significant correlation between the HMG-CoA reductase activities of the liver and intestinal, and the HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol content of the intestinal epithelial cells.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2004

본 연구는 불포화 상태 전 범위에 대한 사질토의 인장강도 모델화 가능성을 조사하기 위해 실시 되었다. 새로 개발된 직접인장시험기법을 이용하여 인장시험이 실시되었다. 측정된 결과는 Rumpf 및 Schubert가 동일크기의 이상적인 구에 대해 개발한 이론적인 인장강도 모델들에 의한 예측 값과 비교 되었다. 이를 위해 석션-포화실험을 통해 얻어진 흙-수분특성곡선을 이용하여 이론모델에 있어 중요한 요소인 불포화상태(pendular, funicular, capillary) 구분 및 음의 간극수압 값을 산정하는데 사용하였다. Pendular 상태에서 불포화모래의 비선형 거동이 Rumpf의 모델에 의해 적절이 묘사되었다. Funicular 및 capillary상태의 경우, 함수비가 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 증가하다 최고 값이 도달한 후 다시 감소하는 실험 측정치의 경향도 Schubert의 모델에 의해 적절히 묘사되었다. 본 비교 연구는 이상적인 단일 크기의 입자에 대해 개발된 이론적인 모델이 다양한 크기를 갖는 불포화 사질토의 인장강도를 예측할 수 있다는 가능성을 뒷받침해준다.