• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 1974

This study was attempted for clinical investigation regarding with Apgar score changing phase of newborns and their sucking power related the score and weight. The data for this study obtained from 545 newborns who were born at Dept. of obstetric WooSok Hospital, Korea University from Jan. to Sept.. 1373. It is hoped that this study will contribute to nursing care planning of newborns in nursery. The Apgar score was checked in the delivery room at 1 minute after delivery by Doctor and rechecked at 30 minutes and 1 hour after delivery by nurses. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The total newborn numbers at 1 minute after delivery were 545, at 30 minutes were 542 (3 dead) and at 1 hour were 540. The babies were divided into 3 groups by the Apgar score. The frequency of group 1 (score 1 to 4) at each times were 5.0%, 0.9%, 0.4%, group 2 (score 5 to 7) 11.2%, 4.1%, 1.7% and group 3 (score 8 to 10) 83.8%, 95.0%, 97.9%. 2. The group I was found most frequently among the cases of less than 2, 500g and group 3 was found among the cases over 2.500g. It was found that there was a tendency of delaying in recovery process of low score among the premature and low birth weight newborns. 3. The type of delivery, breech and other I e was found worst and C-Section was the second, however normal spontaneous delivery was found the best. 4. In observation of sucking power of the newborn related its score and weight, good, fair, poor marks were given. But for convenience of statistical analysis. good and fair was collected together and poor alone evaluated. The result of group 1.2 examined statistically by F.E.T shown no relation between newborn weight and sucking power. however group 3, examined by X$^2$test shown very significant relation between newborn weight and sucking power. 5. The mortality rate of newborn while they were in hospital was found 2.6% to 545 of birth and all cases of dead belonged to group 1 at 1 minutes after delivery. 64.3% of the dead was found among the cases less than 2, 500g. 6. It was found that in this observation premature and Newborn asphyxia had influence to low score at birth. Conclusively, good anthemata carr should be emphasized in order to prevent main causes of these and should avoid abnormal delivery as possible.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.355-363
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was attempted to confirm the relationship between medical workers' knowledge of the elderly, burn out, job satisfaction and awareness of elder abuse. The study was conducted on 371 doctors, nurses, and nurse's aides working at eight health centers, 15 nursing hospitals, and 30 university hospital institutions. Looking at the relationships between variables, this study found that knowledge of the elderly was a significant positive correlation with awareness of elder abuse(r=.14, p<.01), and burn out was a significant negetive correlation with job satisfaction(r=-.55, p<.01) and awareness of elder abuse(r=-.10, p<.05). Job satisfaction was a significant positive correlation with awareness of elder abuse(r=.13, p<.01). Awareness of elder abuse was a significant positive correlation with knowledge of the elderly(r=.14, p<.01) and was a significant negetive correlation with burn out(r=-.10, p<.05). As a result of this study, it is expected that Hospital workers can have a positive perception and attitude toward the elderly by reducing their burnout and improving their job satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of emergency medical services(EMS) is to save human lives and assure the completeness of the body in emergency situations. Those who have been qualified on medical practice to perform such treatment as there is the risk of human life and possibility of major physical and mental injuries that could result from the urgency of time and invasiveness inflicted upon the body. In the emergency medical activities, 119 emergency medical technicians mainly perform the task but they are not able to perform such task independently and they are mandatory to receive medical direction. The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition and request for medical direction by 119 emergency medical technicians in order to provide basic information on the development of medical direction program suitable to the characteristics of EMS as well as for the studies on EMS for the sake of efficient operation of pre-hospital EMS. Method : Questionnaire via e-mail was conducted during July 1-31, 2010 for 675 participants who are emergency medical technicians, nurses and other emergency crews in Gyeongbuk. The effective 171 responses were used for the final analysis. In regards to the emergency medical technicians' scope of responsibilities defined in Attached Form 14, Enforcement regulations of EMS, t-test analysis was conducted by using the means and standard deviation of the level of request for medical direction on the scope of responsibilities of Level 1 & Level 2 emergency medical technicians as the scale of medical direction request. The general characteristics, experience result, the reason for necessity, emergency medical technicians & medical director request level, medical direction method, the place of work of the medical director, feedback content and improvement plan request level were analyzed through frequency and percentage. The level of experience in medical direction and necessity were analyzed through ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : In regards to the medical direction experience per qualification, the experience was the highest with 53.3% for Level 1 emergency medical technicians and 80.3% responded that experience was helpful. As for the recognition on the necessity of medical direction, 71.3% responded as "necessary" and it turned out to be the highest of 76.9% in nurses. As for the reason for responding "necessary", the reason for reducing the risk and side-effects from EMS for patients was the largest(75.4%), and the reason of EMS delay due to the request of medical direction was the highest(71.4%) for the reason for responding "not necessary". In regards to the request level of the task scope of emergency medical technicians, injection of certain amount of solution during a state of shock was the highest($3.10{\pm}.96$) for Level 1 emergency rescuers, and the endotracheal intubation was the highest($3.12{\pm}1.03$) for nurses, and the sublingual administration of nitroglycerine(NTG) during chest pain was the highest($2.62{\pm}1.02$) for Level 2 emergency medical technicians, and regulation of heartbeat using AED was the highest($2.76{\pm}.99$) for other emergency crews. For the revitalization of medical direction, the improvement in the capability of EMS(78.9%) was requested from emergency crew, and the ability to evaluate the medical state of patient was the highest(80.1%) in the level of request for medical director. The prehospital and direct medical direction was the highest(60.8%) for medical direction method, and the emergency medical facility was the highest(52.0%) for the placement of medical director, and the evaluation of appropriateness of EMS was the highest(66.1%) for the feedback content, and the reinforcement of emergency crew(emergency medical technicians) personnel was the highest(69.0%) for the improvement plan. Conclusion : The medical direction is an important policy in the prehospital EMS activity because 119 emergency medical technicians agreed the necessity of medical direction and over 80% of those who experienced medical direction said it was helpful. In addition, the simulation training program using algorithm and case study through feedback are necessary in order to enhance the technical capability of ambulance teams on the item of professional EMS with high level of request in the task scope of emergency medical technicians, and recognition of medical direction is the essence of the EMS field. In regards to revitalizing medical direction, the improvement of the task performance capability of 119 emergency medical technicians and medical directors, reinforcement of emergency medical activity personnel, assurance of trust between emergency medical technicians and the emergency physician, and search for professional operation plan of medical direction center are needed to expand the direct medical direction method for possible treatment beforehand through the participation by medical director even at the step in which emergency situation report is received.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.615-622
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• 2016

The 18~20G needle is used to computer tomography (CT) contrast examination. Therefore, a patient has to apply a self-administering hemostasis (conventional method: CM) and often experience bleeding in the course. Thus, we developed the new disposable transparent tourniquet (TT) for reducing. This study was to compare the usefulness between the proposed transparent tourniquet and the existing hemostatic methods. A Satisfaction survey was conducted by 50 patients and 25nurses. The survey contained the satisfaction of the convenience, safety, sanitation, and wearing sensation of transparent tourniquet. We employed face-to-face interview on 5 points likert scales. And Chi-square, paired T-test were used for the statistics verification. As for the patients, the satisfaction levels were measured for each category with the gender, age. Patients evaluation, overall satisfaction high average sore used TT and there were statistical significance by paired T-test(p<0.05). The following is the average satisfaction level for each category: $4.4{\pm}0.53$ in; $4.28{\pm}0.57$ in safety; $4.52{\pm}0.54$ in sanitation; $4.16{\pm}0.54$ in wearing sensation. So the overall satisfaction level is measured at $4.34{\pm}0.51$. As for the nurses, CT work experience and the current satisfaction with tourniquet were counted as variables. The satisfaction level for each category is: $3.8{\pm}0.7$ in; $3.6{\pm}0.68$ in safety; $3.4{\pm}0.5$ in sanitation; $3.9{\pm}0.49$ in hemostasis. The overall satisfaction level is $3.8{\pm}0.3$. Patients' satisfaction levels were very high with little difference among variables. Nurses' satisfaction levels were different with the TT depending on their work experience but their overall satisfaction was high. This TT will be a starting point to minimizing patient's inconvenience and more studies are necessary to enhance their satisfaction.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a community-based cancer patient management program (CBPCMP) which was collaborated between a hospice center and public health centers. Methods: The CBPCMP proceeded on four steps; 1) Signing agreements with three public health centers, 2) Enrolling the domiciliary terminal cancer patients, 3) Providing home hospice service, and 4) Inquiring patient's level of satisfaction. From February 1 to December 31 in 2009, 43 terminal cancer patients were referred and provided with home hospice service. The hospice team made a total of 605 visits. Medical records for each visit and data from satisfaction surveys were analyzed. Results: 76.7% of patients were older than 60 years, and 90.7% of the patients were alert. The level of functional status for 76.7% of patients rated as lower than ECOG grade 1. 62.8% of the patients or their caregivers signed hospice service agreements. On the initial evaluation, the most frequent reasons for referral were general weakness (86.0%), followed by anorexia (72.1%). Nurses visited the patients' most frequently (371 visits), followed by volunteers (216 visits). Nurses provided emotional support and health promotion counseling on 95.1% and 22.9% of visits, respectively. The mean satisfaction score rated by patients and their family was 4.45 out of 5. Conclusion: This study tested CBPCMP in collaboration with hospice centers and public health centers. CBPCMP showed a possibility to improve the quality of end of life care. To insure the quality care, however, the guidelines for home hospice service should be developed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.368-380
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a home-based video exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, physiological and psychological status in patients with colon and rectal cancers undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from patients with colo-rectal cancers in Yonsei cancer center from July 5th to October 31st in 2011. There were 40 participants; 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The structured questionnaire was used to measure fatigue, physical function and emotional status. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and a chi-squre test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed- rank test were conducted to examine the homogeneity and the research hypotheses. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in White Blood Cell count in the experimental group compared with that of the control group. The exercise group showed a slight decrease of White Blood Cell count compared with that of the control group after 4 week program (z=-2.935, p=.003). However, there were no significant differences in fatigue, physiological and psychological status between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, the developed video exercise program was effective in markedly slightly decreasing White Blood Cell count in patients with colo-rectal cancers undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, utilizing the video exercise program can be an useful method to promote health among patients with cancer in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to develop evidence-based clinical practice guideline in order to prevent contrastinduced nephropathy (CIN) for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The guideline was developed based on the "Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)". The first draft of guideline was developed through 5 stages and evaluated by 10 experts.(1) Clinical questions were ensured in PICO format.(2) Two researchers conducted a systematic search through electronic database, identifying 170 studies. We selected 27 full text articles including 16 randomized clinical trials, 7 systematic reviews, and 4 guidelines. Quality of each studies were evaluated by the Cochran's Risk of Bias, AMSTAR, K-AGREEII. Among the studies, 11 studies were excluded.(3) The strength of recommendations were classified and quality of recommendations were ranked.(4) Guideline draft was finalized.(5) Content-validation was conducted by an expert group. All contents were ranked above 0.8 in CVI. Results: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline to prevent CIN was dveloped.(1) The guideline for preventing CIN recommends using 0.9% saline.(2) Standardized rate of fluid therapy is 1 to 1.5ml/kg/hr.(3) Execute hydration for 6~12hrs before PCI and after PCI. Conclusion: This study suggests evidence-based clinical practice guideline for preventing CIN which can be more efficiently used in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2016

Background: Multidisciplinary team care (MTC) is a collaborative approach to treatment plan and ongoing care. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of MTC on the regulation of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) complications in dialysis patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study was approved by the institutional review board. Among patients who have undergone dialysis at admission, the patients admitted to the nephrology ward were allocated to MTC group, and the others to usual care (UC) group. The MTC group had collaborative care by nephrologists, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists. The endpoints were the regulation of corrected calcium (cCa) and phosphate (P), the percent of patients in target level of cCa-P product ($cCa{\times}P$), and the prescription rate of non-calcium based P-binders. Results: A total of 163 patients were included from January to December 2009. A significant difference was shown in the percentage of patients in target $cCa{\times}P$ level at admission (MTC vs. UC, 81.40% vs. 91.67%; P = 0.038), but there was no significant difference at discharge. During admission, the cCa and P levels of patients in only UC group were significantly changed. In addition, compared with UC group, patients in MTC group were more likely prescribed appropriate P-binders, when they had higher $cCa{\times}P$ levels than $55mg^2/dL^2$ (P <0.001). Conclusion: It was found that MTC had beneficial effect on improving the regulation of CKD-MBD and the appropriate phosphate binder uses. Therefore, application of the MTC is anticipated to enhance quality of clinical care in chronic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2008

Objectives : Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is known to occur in more than 80% of reproductive women. Since PMS is closely related to changes in sex hormones, biological factors are suspected to be associated with the syndrome, but there have been no consistent reports regarding biological causes. In that sense, it is postulated that the occurrence of PMS is much dependent on the biological aspects, but that the severity or characteristics of the syndrome is more dependent on the psychological factors. Studies focusing on psychological factors are based on the theory that symptoms of PMS and previous psychologically traumatic events are closely related. If the theory is valid, it can be further postulated that symptom severity of PMS is associated with dissociative symptoms, since traumatic events are known to be related to dissociative symptoms. In this study, we tried to find out the association of PMS symptom severity with previous abuse history and dissociative symptoms. Methods : Subjects for the study were 377 nurses working in Seoul, Kyung-gi, and Kyung-book. 183 subjects who submitted valid data entered the study. The presence and the symptom severity of PMS were rated using Daily Records of Severity of Problems(DRSP) and Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form(SPAF). Dissociative symptoms were evaluated with Dissociation Experience Scale Korean version(DES-K). Previous physical/verbal abuse, sexual abuse, and parental spouse abuse experience were rated with correspondent abuse scales. Results : Subjects were divided into 3 groups as No PMS group, mild to moderate PMS group, and severe PMS group according to SPAF total score. There was a statistically significant difference in DES-K total score among 3 groups($x^2=14.966$, df=2, p=0.001). Physical/verbal abuse scale($x^2=14.397$, df=2, p=0.001), sexual abuse scale($x^2=8.376$, df=2, p=0.015), and parental spouse abuse scale($x^2=9.322$, df=2, p=0.009) also revealed a significant difference among 3 groups. Symptom severity of PMS using SPAF total score showed a positive correlation both with degree of dissociative experience and previous abuse experience. There was a statistically significant difference in both dissociative experience and previous abuse experience among 3 groups. Conclusion : These results show that there can be a possible association among PMS symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and previous psychologically traumatic experience.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 1999

Purpose : Surveying the rates, severity, and variables influencing depression and their correlation between pain and depression in Korean cancer patients, we attempted to provide a basic database for the effective depression management program. Methods : The results of survey were colleted from 10 patients who were hospitalized at Seoul National University Hospital for cancer treatment from February to June of 1999. Factors of depression and the level of pain were examined by self-reported survey employing Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and an abridged version of Brief pain Inventory respectively. The purpose of this study and guidelines for the questionnaires were clearly explained to participating patients by Resgitered Nurses before answering the survey. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records in corporation with a family physician. The difference in the level of depression among patient groups was analyzed with the t-test and ANOVA, and the correlation between variables with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : 1) 142 subjects comprised 79 male and 63 female, and their mean age was 51.86. 2) The mean scores of the worst pain for last 24-hours was 6.08(SD 2.23), the average pain for last 24-hours 4.44(SD 1.85), and the mean scores of pain at the time of survey 3.48(SD 2.25), while the mean scores of the least pain for last 24-hours 2.25(SD 1.83). 3) The mean BDI scores were 23.73(SD 0.99), and 55.6% of patients were evaluated to be in depression(cutting point 21). Scores of depression for cancer patients were higher than normal population. 4) The correlation between worst pain for last 24-hours and depression(r=0.252, P=0.002), average pain for last 24-hours and depression(r=0.225, P=0.007), present pain and depression(r=0.291, P=0.000) were significant. 5) Significant differences were found among groups of cancer patients with pain with respect to gender(t=3.59, p=0.000), level of education(F=4.063, P=0.009), ECOG(F=3.352, P=0.021). There was significant positive correlation between depression and pain(r=0.171, P=0.042). Conclusions : More than 50% of cancer patients with pain are suffering from depression. We have shown that the variables like the degree of pain, gender, level of education, ECOG, and age are significantly related to the depression in cancer patients. The findings of this study may be used for assessing high-risk patients in need of intervention and for planning effective therapeutic strategies for them after the routine assessment. Further study is necessary to investigate the cultural differences and the variables influencing on depression in Korean cancer patients.