• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.321-325
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• 2022

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition defined as pain and dysfunction of temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles. Abnormal interconnections between temporomandibular muscles and cervical spine structures can cause the changes of postural alignment and balance ability. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in static balance ability in subjects with painrelated TMD. Methods: This study conducted on 25 subjects with TMD and 25 control subjects with no TMD. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured using a pressure algometer. Static balance ability was assessed during one leg standing using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor. During balance task, the IMU sensors measured motion and transfer movement data for center of mass (COM) motion, ankle sway and hip sway. Results: PPTs of masseter and temporalis muscles were significantly lower in the TMD group than in the control group (p<0.05). One leg standing, hip sway, and COM sway results were significantly greater in the TMD group (p<0.05), but ankle sways were not different between group. Conclusion: We suggest pain-related TMD is positively related to reduced PPTs of masticatory muscles and to static balance ability. These results should be considered together with global body posture when evaluating or treating pain-related TMD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.144-146
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• 2022

차량 환경에서 발생하는 계산 집약적인 태스크가 증가하면서 모바일 엣지 컴퓨팅(MEC, Mobile Edge Computing)의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 지상에 존재하는 MEC 서버는 출퇴근 시간과 같이 태스크가 일시적으로 급증하는 상황에 유동적으로 대처할 수 없으며, 이러한 상황을 대비하기 위해 지상 MEC 서버를 추가로 설치하는 것은 자원의 낭비를 불러온다. 최근 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)기반 MEC 서버를 추가로 사용해 엣지 서비스를 제공하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 UAV MEC 서버는 지상 MEC 서버와 달리 한정적인 배터리 용량으로 인해 서버 간 로드밸런싱을 통해 에너지 사용량을 최소화 하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 UAV MEC 서버의 에너지 사용량을 고려한 마이그레이션 기법을 제안한다. 또한 GRU(Gated Recurrent Unit) 모델을 활용한 트래픽 예측을 바탕으로 한 마이그레이션을 통해 지연시간을 최소화할 수 있도록 한다. 제안 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 MEC의 마이그레이션 시점을 결정하는 기준점와 차량의 밀도에 따라 실험을 진행하고, 서버의 로드 편차, UAV MEC 서버의 에너지 사용량 그리고 평균 지연 시간 측면에서 성능을 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2024

Lip-reading is the task of inferring the speaker's utterance from silent video based on learning of lip movements. It is very challenging due to the inherent ambiguities present in the lip movement such as different characters that produce the same lip appearances. Recent advances in deep learning models such as Transformer and Temporal Convolutional Network have led to improve the performance of lip-reading. However, most previous works deal with English lip-reading which has limitations in directly applying to Korean lip-reading, and moreover, there is no a large scale Korean lip-reading dataset. In this paper, we introduce the first large-scale Korean lip-reading dataset with more than 120 k utterances collected from TV broadcasts containing news, documentary and drama. We also present a preprocessing method which uniformly extracts a facial region of interest and propose a transformer-based model based on grapheme unit for sentence-level Korean lip-reading. We demonstrate that our dataset and model are appropriate for Korean lip-reading through statistics of the dataset and experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.19-42
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tasks of 'dietary life' in the textbook developed according to the 2015 revised middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 education curriculum based on the multiple intelligence teaching and learning methods. To accomplish this purpose, 12 textbooks of middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 textbooks were titled "Nutrition and Dietary Behavior of Adolescents", "Planning and Choosing Meals", "Choosing Foods and Safe Cooking" except the questions, the tasks that the students can perform are analyzed based on the teaching and learning methods using multiple intelligences. Analysis methods were analyzed by using contents analysis method, focusing on learning activities, and sub-questions of activities were all included in each activity, and the process of preparing activities on a continuous line was grouped into one. Three people analyzed the activities and proceeded to revise and supplement the analysis standard through consultation. The other three researchers confirmed it. As a result of analyzing 12 kinds of textbooks, the number of activity tasks was 25~74 for each kind of textbooks, and the total number of activities was 527. According to the ratio of multiple intelligences, 35% of the tasks were using logical-mathematical intelligence, and 26.8% of linguistic intelligence, 23% of intrapersonal intelligence, 7.2% of interpersonal intelligence, 3.8% of spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic(2.7%) and musical intelligence(1.5%). On the other hand, it was analyzed that there is no activity task using naturalist intelligence. Except to the naturalist intelligence, general intelligence was utilized. This indicates that the home economics curriculum is a convergence of the home economics curriculum in that it is a reorganization by extracting the contents and methods of other curriculum related to dietary life, is interpreted. This study is expected to provide a framework for various teaching and learning methods to activate students' participation classes and to provide an alternative to realize convergence education in home economics curriculum.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.303-308
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• 2020

The ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit) function has been dominantly used as a standard activation function in most deep artificial neural network models since it was proposed. Later, Leaky ReLU, Swish, and Mish activation functions were presented to replace ReLU, which showed improved performance over existing ReLU function in image classification task. Therefore, we recognized the need to experiment with whether performance improvements could be achieved by replacing the RELU with other activation functions in the super resolution task. In this paper, the performance was compared by changing the activation functions in EDSR model, which showed stable performance in the super resolution task. As a result, in experiments conducted with changing the activation function of EDSR, when the resolution was converted to double, the existing activation function, ReLU, showed similar or higher performance than the other activation functions used in the experiment. When the resolution was converted to four times, Leaky ReLU and Swish function showed slightly improved performance over ReLU. PSNR and SSIM, which can quantitatively evaluate the quality of images, were able to identify average performance improvements of 0.06%, 0.05% when using Leaky ReLU, and average performance improvements of 0.06% and 0.03% when using Swish. When the resolution is converted to eight times, the Mish function shows a slight average performance improvement over the ReLU. Using Mish, PSNR and SSIM were able to identify an average of 0.06% and 0.02% performance improvement over the RELU. In conclusion, Leaky ReLU and Swish showed improved performance compared to ReLU for super resolution that converts resolution four times and Mish showed improved performance compared to ReLU for super resolution that converts resolution eight times. In future study, we should conduct comparative experiments to replace activation functions with Leaky ReLU, Swish and Mish to improve performance in other super resolution models.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand the master plan of "The project on a comprehensive village development with a unit of a based township" through the master plan analysis and to help understand the implications of this project in order to maintain rural villages that can make local residents satisfied with them and promote the project of comprehensive rural village development as a successful way based on a comparative analysis through the in-site survey. The processes of this study are as follows. First, the analysis of development planning created a drawing based on linking business strategy by each region. The current situation and characteristics of planned public spaces were analyzed through the analysis of location and distribution of public spaces and facilities. Second, the situation analysis was performed by the task of shooting based on the basic plan information, and the master plan and status were confirmed through interviews. Also, the analysis of location and distribution of public spaces and facilities was conducted by a created drawings based on a survey. Finally, the detailed information of public spaces and facilities was compared with the investigation by in-site survey and analyzed through the Master Plan Strategy and a detailed classification of the types of facilities among each regional issues. In addition, by overlapping the planned drawings with the results, the results of formations were confirmed and the planned positional changes and the distribution of facilities were analyzed. As the results of "The project of comprehensive village development with a unit of based township", it was determined that there were many issues on cultural and welfare facilities in this project to meet the business objectives. Also, the facilities the residents needed, identified by interviews, were rural tourism facilities. According to the results, the residents cherished rural tourism facilities as much as basic living facilities. However, as the results of comparative analysis of public spaces and facilities, it was confirmed that mostly the plan was unfulfilled. Therefore, it is concluded that living, cultural and welfare facilities in the township can be maintained and expanded comprehensively as a purpose of "The project of comprehensive village development with a unit of based township" after not only planning process but also the project is fulfilled actually in rural areas.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 2008

One of the most important task in commissioning intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) into a clinic is the characterization of dosimetry performance under small monitor unit delivery conditions. In this study, method of evaluating dose monitor linearity, beam flatness and symmetry, and MLC positioning accuracy using a diode array is investigated. Siemens Primus linear accelerator (LA) with 6 and 10 MV x-rays was used to deliver radiation and the characteristics were measured using a multi array diodes. Monitor unit stabilities were measured for both x-ray energies. The dose linearity errors for the 6 MV x-ray were 2.1, 3.4, 6.9, 8.6, and 15.4 % when 20 MU, 10 MU, 5 MU, 4 MU, and 2 MU was delivered, respectively. Greater errors were observed for 10 MV x-rays with a maximum of 22% when 2 MU was delivered. These errors were corrected by adjusting D1_C0 values and reduced to less than 2% in all cases. The beam flatness and symmetry were appropriate without any correction. The picket fence test performed using diode array and film measurement showed similar results. The use of diode array is a convenient method in characterizing beam stability, symmetry and flatness, and positioning accuracy of MLC for IMRT commissioning. In addition, adjustment of D1-C0 value must be performed when a Siemens LA is used for IMRT because factory value usually gives unacceptable beam stability error when the MU/segment is smaller than 20.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.671-685
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• 2012

In this study, we developed an analogical experimental design strategy emphasizing understanding and checking stages and applied it to four groups consisting of 7th grade science-gifted students. We classified the patterns of experimental design processes and analyzed the verbal interactions among the science-gifted students at the levels of turn and interaction unit. The analyses of the results reveled that three groups were relevant to reinitiated motion and the other to backward-divergent motion. In the analyses of turn and interaction unit, the frequencies of the statements related to the task were high, especially 'making suggestion' and 'elaborated symmetrical interaction'. The analyses for each stage of strategy indicated that the frequencies of 'explain', 'question', and 'cumulative interaction' at understanding stage were high. At designing stage, the frequencies of 'making suggestion', 'cumulative interaction', and 'disputative interaction' were found to be high. At checking stage, 'making suggestion', 'receiving opinion', and 'disputative interaction' were high. In the comparison of the patterns, the qualitative differences among interaction unit were found at all the stages, whereas there were differences only between designing and checking stages in the turn cases. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-240
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• 1987

Infection has assumed increased importance as a cause of death among thermally injured individuals. Decreased treatment effectiveness and an increase in mortality are the hallmarks of nosocomial infection. Infection control is a monumental task that must be achieved to reduce mortalities. This was a retrospective study to survey the epidemiological features of nosocomial infections in a burn unit and to identify the possibilities for infection control. During the past 6 year 2 month period from July, 1981 to August, 1987, 306 burn patients were treated in the burn unit of university hospital. Among of these, 290 cases were the subjects of this study. The data were collected from the patients' records after discharge. All data collected were analyzed using percent, x$^2$-test, t-test with SPSS program. The results of this study are summariged as follows: 1) Infection rate was 40%. According to site, there were 67 cases of wound infection, 60 cases of post-operative skin graft infection, 20 cases of septicemia and 20 cases of donor site infection. As far as the burn size was concerned, the infection rate for patients whose burn size ranged 61 to 70%, was shown to be 100%, followed by the infection rate of 93.8%, for patients whose burn size ranged from 41~50%. As far as the period of time over which the infection developed, 5 to 7 days showed the highest frequency. Further infection was the main cause of deaths and complications. 2) Based upon the results obained by comparing the general characteristics, between a hospital infection-group and non-hospital infection group, there was a significant defference according to age, the time of the year when the accident happened, the place of accident or length of hospital-admission. And according to the result obtained by comparing the general characteristics of the burn, there was a significant difference according to burn size, burn depth, burn type, and burn site. And also based upon the result obtained by comparing the two groups according to method of treatment, there was a significant difference according to the use of antibiotics and to the type of wound-treatment, and for the 8 different binds of treatment related to infection, there was a significant difference for all. In conclusion, age, length of hospital-admission, burn size, burn type, burn site, burn depth, type of woundtreatment and the 8 different binds of treatment, which are related to burns, were shown to be the factors which affect the infection rate in burn patients.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of instruction for the development of analytical rubrics based on teacher-student compromise, which would be applied to performance assessment about the ninth-grade housing unit of the 7th national curriculum. In order to find out the influence of the rubric development instruction on learning motivation, two different third-year classes in a middle school were selected respectively as an experimental group and a control group. The way of presenting the rubrics and learning motivation were respectively selected as independent and dependent variables. Both groups took two lessons and a pretest-posttest on learning motivation. As for the analytic rubric for the individual task performance in the housing unit, three evaluation items were selected. As a result, the instruction for the learner-involved development of analytical rubrics for the housing segment had a positive effect on the confidence and satisfaction of the middle schoolers, which were two out of four sub-factors of learning motivation. Open-ended questions showed that the instruction got to build confidence in the course of being aware of the evaluation criteria and fulfilling the given tasks.