• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

Construction equipment is a very important factor for successful construction. Also, the cost for construction equipment is a major part of the cost of construction. Therefore, the estimation of the equipment cost is a critical task in construction planning. A formula for production rates shown in 'Standard Unit Labor' has been used to estimate construction equipment capability and cost. Although the performance of the equipment has improved over time, the variables in the formula have not been updated in a timely manner. Therefore, this paper has analyzed the preceding research, and performed several site visits to measure the cycle time of a backhoe and a loader. Construction equipment production rates were calculated with collected cycle times and variables given in 'Standard Unit Labor'. In addition,production rates were estimated considering the circumstances of various sites with the simulation program 'crystal ball.'

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.138-144
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• 2020

The Army's engineers are carrying out a range of operations using various equipment, of which, artillery unit support is the representative engineering operation field. The main task of the artillery unit is to attack the enemy's center with firepower from the rear of a friendly force. The artillery must move its original position after firing several times to prevent exposure of the shooting position. This paper proposed a mathematical model and heuristic algorithm that can be used to determine the optimal allocation among engineer equipment, the team (work), and position while reflecting the constraints of the construction of an artillery position. The model proposed in this paper derived the optimal solution for the small size problems, but it takes a long time to derive the optimal solution for the problem of equipment placement of the engineer battalion and brigade scale. Although the heuristic suggested in this study does not guarantee the optimal solution, the solution could be obtained in a reasonable amount of time.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.18-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare difference of the static and dynamic balance in normal subject and LBP subject and recognizes about postural sway. The subjects of this study included 30 normal subjects and 30 LBP subjects. By using Active balance system, the static balance was measured by unit path length, circumference area, weight bearing, stabilometry length, while the dynamic balance was measured by step evaluation. Statistically analyzed using independent t-test to search static balance and dynamic balance difference in two groups. Postural sway appeared greatly in patient group than normal group in analysis result of static balance and postural sway was big in patient group of when closed eye and normal group and patient group did show statistical significance in unit path length, circumference area. Weight support of normal group was shared equally in weight bearing rate, but weight support of patient group stewed less to pain side. Anterior step time and Task achieve time of dynamic balance were spent more in patient group than normal group. Desire to be used to useful information to lay treatment policy about set-up and action of when quantification result of valued postural balance treats low back pain patient by objective tool, in the fixture, more researches in postural estimation desire that is enforced abuzz.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.338-348
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine correlations between nurses' self-leadership and individual work role performance and correlations between self-leadership in nursing units and team members' work role performance. Methods: Participants were 202 conveniently selected general nurses from 5 general hospitals in Korea. The study was carried out on 35 nursing units. Data were collected during February 2015 with self-report questionnaires. Results: For factors affecting individual work role performance, self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thought, clinical career in the present nursing unit and marital status accounted for 44.0% of proficiency, while self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thought, and marital status accounted for 42.3% of adaptivity. Self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thought, self-reward, clinical career in the present nursing unit and position accounted for 26.4% of proactivity. In terms of team members' work role performance, self-reward and self-expectation in nursing units explained 29.0% of team members' proficiency. Self-reward and self-expectation in nursing units explained 31.6% of team members' adaptivity, and self-reward in nursing units explained 16.8% of team members' proactivity. Conclusion: The results confirm that nurses' self-leadership affects not only individual self-leadership but also team members' work role performance. Accordingly, to improve nurses' work role performance in nursing units of nursing organizations, improvement in nursing environment based on self-leadership education is necessary and nurses' tasks rearranged so they can appreciate work-autonomy and challenges of work.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 2012

Purpose: It was necessary for developing a neonatal classification system based on nursing needs and direct care time. This study was, thus, aimed at identifying nursing activities and measuring the standard nursing practice time for developing a neonatal patient classification system in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: The study was taken place in 8 general hospitals located in Seoul and Kyungi province, South Korea from Dec, 2009 to Jan, 2010. By using 'the modified Workload Management System for critical care Nurses' (WMSN), nursing categories, activities, standard time, and task frequencies were measured with direct observation. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results: Neonatal nursing activities were categorized into 8 areas: vital signs (manual), monitoring, activity of daily living (ADL), feeding, medication, treatment and procedure, respiratory therapy, and education-emotional support. The most frequent and time-consuming area was an ADL, unlike that of adult patients. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide a foundation for developing a neonatal patient classification system in NICU. Further research is warranted to verify the reliability and validity of the instrument.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.7 s.361
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• pp.81-89
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• 2007

The Viterbi decoder, which employs the maximum likelihood decoding method, is a critical component in forward error correction for digital communication system. However, lowering power consumption on the Viterbi decoder is a difficult task since the number of paths calculated equals the number of distinctive states of the decoder and the Viterbi decoder utilizes trace-back method. In this paper, we propose a method which minimizes the number of operations performed on the comparator, deployed in the SPEC-T Viterbi decoder implementation. The proposed comparator was applied to the ACSU(Add-Compare-Select Unit) and MPMSU(Minimum Path Metric Search Unit) modules on the decoder. The proposed ACS scheme and MPMS scheme shows reduced power consumption by 10.7% and 11.5% each, compared to the conventional schemes. When compared to the SPEC-T schemes, the proposed ACS and MPMS schemes show 6% and 1.5% less power consumption. In both of the above experiments, the threshold value of 26 was applied.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.17-23
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• 2017

The National Competency Standards (NCS) is a standard that allows korea to efficiently organize the training of national talents by systematically classifying the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for the job of industry groups. Ontology is a discipline that allows the abstract information in the human concept to be expressed in a form that enables computing to be done. There is a need to formalize the knowledge management by converting the NCS system currently stored in the simple DB into an ontology. This study design and implement NCS ontology for the task of "Application SW Engineering" among vast NCS jobs, enabling intelligent knowledge management and inference search of the job. In addition, it provides consistency with the formalization specification of the learning contents structure of the competency unit elements of the job, and provides the basis for extension to the whole NCS job ontology.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.66-84
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop STEAM hand-on activity task for middle school manufacturing & automation unit. This study was conducted following three stages. First of all, I carried out documents research and requirements analysis. And the goals for STEAM hand-on activity were set at this stage. Second, topics for STEAM hand-on activity were selected, and the organized for designing hand-on activity related STEAM in the development step. Finally, pilot and field test were conducted in order to amend and/or complement in improvement step. The theme and/or title of the hand-on activities were 'Making the print using wood', 'Making the close up photography & telephoto lens for smart phone'. The STEAM hand-on activities were designed for ten hours for each subject respectively. Each hand-on activity consists of problem situation, objectives statement, materials and tools, an evaluating criteria, related knowledge, portfolio and so on.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.58
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• pp.299-332
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status and causes of misclassification of school records and to suggest the directions to improve the School Records Management Criteria Table(general disposition authority for school records), which will lead to misclassification reducement. This study begins with analysing the records created or received in four schools sampled for one year to investigate the status and causes of misclassifications. A advisory group including four administrative officers and seven records managers was formed and group meeting was held twice to identify the causes of the misclassification and to suggest alternatives. In this study, 33 unit tasks(transactions) with frequent misclassification were identified, and the cause of misclassification was analyzed based on focus group interviews. The main causes of misclassification were categorized into two types. This study concludes with suggesting the improvement of the School Records Management Criteria Table for addressing the causes, including commentary reinforcement and the addition of workflow to complex tasks.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

This study investigates students' conceptions of fractions from a measurement approach while providing a technological environment designed to support students' understanding of the relationships between quantities and adjustable units. 13 third-graders participated in this study and they were involved in a series of measurement tasks through task-based interviews. The tasks were devised to investigate the relationship between units and quantity through manipulations. Screencasting videos were collected including verbal explanations and manipulations. Drawing upon the theory of semiotic mediation, students' constructed concepts during interviews were coded as mathematical words and visual mediators to identify conceptual profiles using a fine-grained analysis. Two students changed their strategies to solve the tasks were selected as a representative case of the two profiles: from guessing to recursive partitioning; from using random units to making a relation to the given unit. Dragging mathematical objects plays a critical role to mediate and formulate fraction understandings such as unitizing and partitioning. In addition, static and dynamic representations influence the development of unit concepts in measurement situations. The findings will contribute to the field's understanding of how students come to understand the concept of fraction as measure and the role of technology, which result in a theory-driven, empirically-tested set of tasks that can be used to introduce fractions as an alternative way.