• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.227-230
• /
• 2013

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disease resulting from repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis that impair exocrine function and eventually produce endocrine insufficiency. Some causes of chronic pancreatitis appear to be associated with alterations in the serine-protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), and cystic fibrosis-transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR ) genes, or with structural disorders in the pancreaticobiliary ductal system, such as pancreatic divisum or anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU). However, it is unusual to observe both genetic alteration and structural anomaly. Here, we report 2 cases with both APBDU and a mutation in the SPINK1 genes, and we discuss the implications of these findings in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.1097-1106
• /
• 2010

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of R and G the group of all units of R. We will investigate some ring theoretic properties of R by considering $\Gamma$(R), the zero-divisor graph of R, under the regular action on X by G as follows: (1) If R is a ring such that X is a union of a finite number of orbits under the regular action on X by G, then there is a vertex of $\Gamma$(R) which is adjacent to every other vertex in $\Gamma$(R) if and only if R is a local ring or $R\;{\simeq}\;\mathbb{Z}_2\;{\times}\;F$ where F is a field; (2) If R is a local ring such that X is a union of n distinct orbits under the regular action of G on X, then all ideals of R consist of {{0}, J, $J^2$, $\ldots$, $J^n$, R} where J is the Jacobson radical of R; (3) If R is a ring such that X is a union of a finite number of orbits under the regular action on X by G, then the number of all ideals is finite and is greater than equal to the number of orbits.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the results of ankle lateral malleolar fractures classified as Danis-Weber type B accompanying osteoporosis that were treated with lag screw. Materials and Methods: 15 cases of Danis-Weber type B ankle lateral malleolar fractures that had T score of less than -2.5 in BMD(bone mineral density) test were selected from June 2003 to December 2005. 10 cases were males and 5 cases were females with mean age of 59 years. The main injury mechanism was supination and external rotation. Mean follow-up period was 16 months. Clinical and radiologic evaluation was done according to Meyer and Kumler's criteria. Results: All cases showed satisfying result and mean radiologic bone union period was 3 months. Anatomic reduction and bone union was acquired in all cases without complications including wound infection, skin necrosis, delayed union and nonunion Conclusions: Lag screw fixation seem to be excellent treatment of Danis-Weber type B lateral malleolar fractures with osteoporosis as it can minimize soft tissue injury and enable anatomic reduction with firm fixation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate functional results and study factors influencing results after humeral hemiarthroplasty for comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 12 patients with average follow-up period of 23 months(12 to 42). The proximal humeral fractures consisted of one anatomical neck fracture, five three-part and six four-part fractures or fracture-dislocations. Constant score and Compito et al' evaluation system were used for clinical assessment. Statistical analysis was done with the Wilcoxon test. Results: Six cases of anatomical neck, three-part fractures or fracture-dislocations showed 61 points on the average Constant score and three unsatisfactory results on the Compito et al' evaluation; Six of four-part fractures or fracture-dislocations showed 51 points and three unsatisfactory results. There were 59(two unsatisfactory) for five non-associated dislocation and 53(four unsatistactory) for seven associated dislocation; 66(one unsatisfactory) for three under 60 years and 41(five unsatisfactory) for nine over 60 years; 67(two unsatisfactory) for seven tuberosity union and 41(four unsatisfactory) for five tuberosity non-union or resorption; 58(four unsatisfactory) for ten early operation within two weeks and 43(all unsatisfactory) for two delayed operation; and 18(unsatisfactory) for one case of a accompanied rotator cuff tear. Conclusion: We concluded that tuberosity union was important factor influencing the results. Also, we thought that age, timing of operation and accompanied rotator cuff tear could be influenced to results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.7A
• /
• pp.1080-1089
• /
• 1999

The union upper bounds to the bit error probability of maximum likelihood(ML) soft-decoding of parallel concatenated convolutional codes(PCCC) and serially concatenated convolutional codes(SCCC) can be evaluated through the weight enumerating function(WEF). This union upper bounds become the lower bounds of the BER achievable when iterative decoding is used. In this paper, to compute the WEF, an efficient error event search algorithm which is a combination of stack algorithm and bidirectional search algorithm is proposed. By computor simulation, it is shown that the union boounds obtained by using the proposed algorithm become the lower bounds to BER of concatenated convolutional codes with iterative decoding.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.249-275
• /
• 2018

Today's Internet environment is growing rapidly, and transactions based on it are also rapidly increasing. E-commerce allows merchants and consumers in different countries to easily trade goods across borders. However, the increase in international consumer transactions through the Internet is accompanied by an increase in disputes. International consumer transactions are characterized by a distinction among long distance, small sum, and different jurisdictions. International consumer transactions cannot be solved only by way of resolving disputes in past international transactions. The best way to resolve disputes between international carriers and consumers is through the Internet. In this regard, UNCITRAL has been preparing to enact legislation on ODR as a solution to international electronic trade disputes and, as a result, UNCITRAL adopted guidelines for operating the ODR procedure for building the ODR platform. The European Union has also increased its disputes in the European Union, which is active in the intra-regional market. Institutional improvements were made to solve this problem; therefore, the European Union (EU) has enacted the ODR Regulations for EU consumer disputes. Based on such, this study constructed the ODR platform, which is used as a way to resolve consumer disputes in the regional market.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2009

The inductor needs to have the desire of super miniaturization, substance of high density and no electronic obstacle. In this study, it analyzes electromagnetic field properties of the core due to inserted high current to develop union type inductor. As the results, it appears high electromagnetic field in inductor insides, but magnetic is very small in inductor surfaces. Also, magnetic distribution are almost 0[T] in circumferences get out of the inductor surfaces. It is an evidence that magnetic distribution as the electronic magnetic obstacle does not appear at other electronic parts. These above results affect to develop the union type inductor, especially it can be expect to help analysis of electromagnetic field properties of inductor core and reliability improvement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.04b
• /
• pp.6-7
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate heat resistance for union type SMD inductor core. The samples was produced with process 5 step. In this study, it analysis heat resistance of SMD(Surface Mounted Device) inductor core and it get electric field only exist inside of SMD core. Therefore electric fields do not affect any device and equipments. These results are very important to design data acquisition system(several test equipments such as temperature, impedance, and current test), because data acquisition system can place under the SMD Inductor core. So, it can be decrease their test error due to electric field.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.44 no.6 s.360
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2007

In this Paper, we consider multiple input multiple output Feher-patented quadrature phase shift keying (MIMO-FQPSK) system supporting high spectral efficiency and throughput. Based on the fact that the complex baseband signal sampled at every bit duration has only eight phase values and its signal can be considered as 8-phase-shift keying signal, FQPSK demodulation with maximum likelihood sequence estimation(MLSE) is considered and it is extended to MIMO system. The performance of MIMO-FQPSK receiver is analyzed by computer simulation and by considering the union upper bounds for zrero forcing detection and minimum mean square error detection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.2468-2479
• /
• 1996

An upper bound solution is obtained to perform the process analysis of hot strip rolling process. The material flows within the roll bite at various geometries and frictional conditions are obtained from finite element analysis and the typical flow pattern which is necessary to determine the kinematically admissible velocity field is assumed. From the kinematically admissible velocity field, the upper bound energy is calculated and the rolling load, angle of neutral point and forward slip ratio at various operational conditions are obtained from upper bound energy. The process analysis of above mentioned parameters at various operational conditions have provided valuable information which is hard to obtain during rolling operation and the predicted ranges of quantitive values from these analyses lie whthin the bound of actual operational data.