• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

To clarify the reproductive function of vibration signals in Hynobius, which has externally fertilized eggs, we quantitatively analyzed the body and tail undulations of male Korean salamanders (Hynobius leechii) in sixteen mating events. One large and one small male, and one female were used in each mating event. We analyzed behaviors recorded over a total of 3 hrs for each mating event; 2 hrs before and 1 hr after female's oviposition. Males touched females using their snouts or body trunk throughout the entire mating periods, but females touched males increasingly more after approximately 1 hr before oviposition. Males conducted body undulations more than 50 times per 10 minutes at a mean frequency of 0.64 Hz. Large males conducted more body undulations than small males, particularly on the tree twig where females attached their egg sacs. Males responded to other males' body undulation throughout the mating period by orienting their head towards, approaching, and touching the undulating male. Females only responded for about 10-20 min before ovipositing, and most responses were directed to the large male's body undulation. Males conducted tail undulations 3.0 times per 10 min at a mean frequency of 1.7 Hz and most tail undulations occurred after one male bit the other male. These results suggest that body undulations function in both male-female and male-male interactions, while tail undulations mainly functions in male-male competition. Also, male H. leechii appear to actively attract females, while females respond to the males only at times close to oviposition.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1993

As Global Positioning System is able to provide 24-hour all weather surveying capability and high precision survey in three dimension, expected that the extensive use of GPS to support geophysics, geophysics, millitary and time correction etc. But in order to use the GPS results effectively, we have to solve problems about coordinates transformation relating the WGS84 to Bessel Datums and development of the accurate geoid undulation model. In this paper, we derive polynomial model equations about geoid undulation around local area(longitude $126^{\circ}{\sim}129^{\circ}$, latitude $36^{\circ}{\sim}37^{\circ}$) in Korea by GPS/Leveling method, also study the geoidal height calcaulation methods supplemented by Earth Gravitational Models (OSU981A, OSU86F).

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.42-47
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• 2004

This paper describes basic structural design for the large floating crane barge of fixed undulation type. Structural analysis is performed to divide two parts because crane barge is composed two parts, crane part of jib boom back stay and back tower and barge part to support crane part. The structural strength for jib boom structure members are in compliance with JIS B 8821 and scantling of all barge structural members are in compliance with the requirement of KR (Korean Register of Shipping) Steel Barges and Rules for Classification of Steel Ships. For the structural analysis of large floating crane, MSC/NASTRAN & MSC/PATRAN software is used.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.244-247
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• 1995

A technique is presented for evaluating spinal deformity of a human back by extracting a spinal line based on 3-D topograpic reconstruction of the back from its moire image. A given moire image is differentiatedby DOG filter to extract moire stripes. The stripes are then assigned labels and the labels are interpolated by the Lagrange polynomial to yield the undulation of the back which gives a relative 3-D shape of the back. A valley is searched on the undulation near the middle part of the back and the valley line is finally extracted as an approximated spinal line. The mean differenceand the variance between the spinal line and the middle line are calculated and reported. Experiment is performed employing real moire images ofjunior-high school students' backs and some of the results are shown with discussion.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1 s.62
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

This paper describes basic structural design for the large floating crane barge of fixed undulation type. Structural analysis was performed separately after dividing the floating crane into two parts, The crane part was composed of jib boom, back stay and back tower and the barge part supported the crane part. The structural strength for jib boom structural members are in compliance with JIS B 8821 and scantling of all barge structural members are in compliance with the requirement of KR (Korean Register of Shipping) Steel Barges and Rules for Classification of Steel Ships. For the structural analysis of large floating crane, MSC/NASTRAN and MSC/PATRAN software were used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

With the expansion of the development and use of surveying equipment recently, by the establishment of infrastructure for network RTK surveying of the NGII, network RTK surveying has been widely used in surveying industry. Currently, in public surveying regulations, site calibration with minimum 5 evenly spaced bench marks is needed for using network RTK surveying results as leveling. But the range between and the number of bench marks for site calibration can be varied according to the geoid undulation. In this study, in order to verify this, Incheon area having regular geoid undulation and Taebaek area having irregular geoid undulation are selected as study area and network RTK surveying have been done. Then the accuracy of site calibration by range between and the number of bench marks have been compared. As a result of this study, in order to meet a tolerance of vertical precision (0.1m) that has been set in public surveying regulations, there is a necessity for improving the regulations so that the range and number of bench marks, to be used for site calibration of network RTK surveying, can be applied complementarily.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.3 s.172
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• pp.299-304
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• 2005

Geoid undulation and gravity anomaly were calculated from GRACE satellite data on the eastern Asia including Korean peninsula. Geoid undulation varies from -60m in the China to 60m toward the Pacific Ocean across the Korean Peninsula. Calculated gravity anomalies are in the range of -60 and 60 mgal except the subduction zone showing -100 mgal. High positive values are observed at Mt. Baekdu, Kaema highland and Taebaek mountains, and low values at Ulleung, Japan and Yamato basins in the East sea. We removed regional components below the spherical harmonic degree of 10 from gravity anomaly to get the residual anomaly for crust components. Residual gravity anomaly shows high anomalies at the northern mountainous area and Kyungsang basin in the Korean Peninsula. And low anomalies appears at the western Korea bay basin, Kunsan basin, Cheju basin, and Ulleung basin in the marine. Anomalies separated by the spherical harmonic degree as well as the residual anomalies are useful for the study of large crustal structure about geologic scale and depth distribution and for the survey of natural resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2001

When determining a three dimensional position for engineering purposes, we can use the GPS survey to find position. According to the enhancement of precision for domestic Geoid model, the positional accuracy of GPS about precise method of vertical position has been also increased. But by considering Geoid undulation, it is difficult to measure GPS-derived elevations. Because Geoid undulation has changed little in local sites, GPS-derived elevations are similar to orthometric height. By ignoring Geoid undulation, it is possible to measure GLT-derived elevations at the local. small construction sites. GLT(GPS Leveling Technique) provides a method for computing orthometric heights. GLT processes the data more rapidly than conventional measurement devices. We only considered the weight factors affecting accuracy between the points. That is, the GPS procedures to produce satisfactory elevation accuracy depends on the method of observations, receivers and conditions of the local environment. A comparison was performed between the GPS survey using Geoid model and GLT at a part within Pusan National University and construction model sites in South Korea. And the writers proved the GPS surveying is efficient in positioning accuracy, time, and cost on a construction sites.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2008

Usually in South Korea, land cover type and topographic undulation are frequently changed even in a narrow area. However, most of researches using aerial LIDAR(LIght Detection And Ranging) data in abroad had been acquired in the study areas to be changed infrequently. This research was performed to explore reconstruction methodologies of 3D surface models considering the distribution of land cover type and topographic undulation. Composed of variously undulatory forests, rocky river beds and man-made land cover such as streets, trees, buildings, parking lots and so on, an area was selected for the research. First of all, the area was divided into three zones based on land cover type and topographic undulation using its aerial ortho-photo. Then, aerial LIDAR data was clipped by each zone and different 3D modeling processes were applied to each clipped data before integration of each models and reconstruction of overall model. These kinds of processes might be effectively applied to landscape management, forest inventory and digital map composition. Besides, they would be useful to resolve less- or over-extracted problems caused by simple rectangle zoning when an usual data processing of aerial LIDAR.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.297-298
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• 2008