• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.571-577
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• 1994

It has been controversial whether the United States Atlantic margin, which developed during Mesozoic separation of Africa and North America, is a volcanic or non-volcanic rifted margin. To understand its nature, the basement images of multi-channel seismic profiles off the southeastern United States continental margin have been examined. One of prominent results is the presence of seaward-dipping reflector (SDR) wedges, the most diagnostic feature of volcanic rifted margins. Two sets of SDR wedges appear to exist here; one along the basement hinge zone ('the hinge SDR wedge') and another seaward of the East Coast magnetic anomaly ('the outer SDR wedge'). Seaward of the basement hinge zone, the lower crustal high-velocity body previously known as the 7.2 km/s layer and the underlying smooth Moho configuration are also observed. Based on the comparison of these basement images with the crustal structures of the well-known volcanic rifted margin, the southeastern United States Atlantic margin can now be characterized as a typical volcanic rifted margin.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2010

This research was conducted to analyze the behavior of the post-tensioned concrete pavement (PTCP) system in which weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors were installed. One lane of PTCP was constructed after removing the existing asphalt pavement. The frictional resistance between the slab and the underlying layer should be small enough for the PTCP slab to properly have prestresses by tensioning. By performing an experimental construction of PTCP, the friction effects and the longitudinal displacements of PTCP under environmental loads were investigated. Based on the knowledge obtained from the experiments, the actual PTCP sections including WIM sensors were constructed and the curling behavior of the system was investigated. As a result, the behavior of the PTCP system was not affected by the existence of WIM sensors, and the appropriate PTCP system when installing WIM sensors in it could be developed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.165-174
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of expedite repairing of concrete pavements using precast concrete pavement method and to investigate the effectiveness of slab connection methods. In the demonstration construction, four slabs of jointed concrete pavements were replaced with the precast slabs. First, precast concrete slabs were designed and fabricated, then existing slabs were cut and removed, and finally precast slabs were installed. The slabs were leveled and pockets, holes, and space between the slab bottom and the underlying layer were grouted. From the demonstration construction, details about the design and construction of the precast pavements for repairing of pavements were evaluated. In addition, the slab connection methods such as pocket and hole connection methods were applied in the construction and the slab curling behaviors at the joints that include those connection methods were compared. The results showed that both slab connection methods were applicable, and the hole connection method was superior.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.247-256
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• 2009

This research was conducted to analyze the behavior of PTCP (Post-Tensioned prestressed Concrete Pavement) under tensioning by performing field tests when the experimental PTCP slab was being constructed. The displacements in the slab under the environmental loading and tensioning were measured using temperature measurement sensors and displacement transducers. Tensioning was performed three times and appropriateness of tensioning could be determined by investigating the relationship between temperature and displacement, behavior of transverse crack, and daily change in displacement. The results of this study showed that under the first tensioning at very early age, large displacements were observed only near the joints because of the friction between slab and underlying layer and concrete inelasticity. Under consecutive tensioning, displacements were clearly observed all over the slab, but still affected by the friction. In addition, appropriate tensioning ensured the one-slab behavior of the PTCP slab even though cracks existed.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.305-318
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• 2018

In Trachelomonas hispida, the adult envelope that surrounds the monad is oval in shape and covered with spines. Development of the lorica is an interesting, but poorly known phenomenon. We observed in detail the formation of spineless envelopes of T. hispida using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that young cells formed delicate and net-like envelopes. The structure changed with age, and mature specimens had solid, thick loricae with small pores. As the loricae aged, they changed their shape, and rope-like fibres from the external layer started to unwind, progressing from the apical pore, exposing the underlying net-like structure. X-ray spectrometry showed that Fe was the major mineral component in young and mature loricae, whereas old loricae did not contain Fe salts, although they did contain a high number of Mn compounds. We also noticed a different pattern of mineralization process in the envelopes. Apart from the even distribution of mineral deposition over the entire lorica, we observed that it started from the apical pore and ended at the posterior end. There was considerable morphological variation in envelope shape and ornamentation, which had collars and folds around the apical pore and process at the posterior end. This suggested that many varieties of T. hispida should be taxonomically reappraised. We also discuss a hypothetical role for the spines on lorica surfaces in aquatic ecosystems.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2019

As software becomes larger and network technology develops, the management of distributed data becomes more popular. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to use blockchain technology that can guarantee the integrity of data in various fields by utilizing existing infrastructure. Blockchain is a distributed computing technology that ensures that servers participating in a network maintain and manage data according to specific agreement algorithms and rules to ensure integrity. As smart contracts are applied, not only passwords but also various services to be applied to the code. In order to reinforce existing research on smart contract applied to the blockchain, we proposed a dynamic conditional rule of smart contract that can formalize rules of smart contract by introducing ontology and SWRL and manage rules dynamically in various situations. In the previous research, there is a module that receives the upper rule in the blockchain network, and the rule layer is formed according to this module. However, for every transaction request, it is a lot of resources to check the top rule in a blockchain network, or to provide it to every blockchain network by a reputable organization every time the rule is updated. To solve this problem, we propose to separate the module responsible for the upper rule into an independent server. Since the module responsible for the above rules is separated into servers, the rules underlying the service may be transformed or attacked in the middleware. Therefore, the security mechanism using TLS and PKI is added as an agent in consideration of the security factor. In this way, the benefits of computing resource management and security can be achieved at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2019

Since the directly bonded interface between TiAl alloy and SCM440 includes lots of cracks and generated intermetallic compounds(IMCs) such as TiC, FeTi, and $Fe_2Ti$, the interfacial strength can be significantly reduced. Therefore, in this study, Cu is selected as an insert metal to improve the lower tensile strength of the joint between TiAl alloy and SCM440 during friction welding. As a result, newly formed IMCs, such as $Cu_2TiAl$, CuTiAl, and $TiCu_2$, are found at the interface between TiAl alloy and Cu layer and the thickness of IMCs layers is found to vary with friction time. In addition, to determine the relationship between the thickness of the IMCs and the strength of the welded interfaces, a tensile test was performed using sub-size specimens obtained from the center to the peripheral region of the friction-welded interface. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the IMCs and the underlying deformation mechanism. Finally, it is found that the friction welding process needs to be idealized because IMCs generated between TiAl alloy and Cu act to not only increase the bonding strength but also form an easy path of fracture propagation.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB) has been widely studied to treat inflammatory diseases in east Asia. In the recent years, many studies have focused on modifying herbs to increase the pharmacological effects. Roasting alcohol absorbed SB is one of the traditional methods to increase the therapeutic effects. Currently there are no reports on the pharmacological effects of roasted SB. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of roasted 30% ethyl alcohol absorbed SB extract (SR) on mice ear edema. After intra-gastric injection of dexamethasone (for positive control, 2 mg/kg) and SR (50, 100, 400 mg/kg), ear edema was provoked by croton oil (5% v/v in acetone, 10 ul/ear). Ear thickness was measured with a digital caliper to quantify the change in swelling. For histological study, we made paraffin sections and performed Phloxine-Tartrazine staining and Masson's trichrome staining to observe epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous region and collagen fiber of mice ear tissues. Ear thickness decreased dose-dependent manner in SR treated groups. Histological analysis compared with dexamethasone treated group, SR treated groups demonstrated a similar reduction in hypoplasia of epidermis and influx of inflammatory cells. Increase of subcutaneous layer and decrease of collagen fibers were significantly recovered in SR treated group (400 mg/kg) and dexamethasone treated group. In conclusion, treatment with SR ameliorates auricular inflammation induced with croton oil in mice. Experiments are now underway to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory activities of SR.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.670-679
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• 2021

Objective: Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) is a uric acid transporter that is associated with uric absorption in mice and humans; but it is unknown whether GLUT9 involves in chicken uric acid regulation. This experiment aimed to investigate the chicken GLUT9 expression and serum uric acid (SUA) level. Methods: Sixty chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15): a control group (NC); a sulfonamide-treated group (SD) supplemented with sulfamonomethoxine sodium via drinking water (8 mg/L); a fishmeal group (FM) supplemented with 16% fishmeal in diet; and a uric acid-injection group (IU), where uric acid (250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day. The serum was collected weekly to detect the SUA level. Liver, kidney, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected to detect the GLUT9 mRNA and protein expression. Results: The results showed in the SD and IU groups, the SUA level increased and GLUT9 expression increased in the liver, but decreased in the kidney, jejunum, and ileum. In the FM group, the SUA level decreased slightly and GLUT9 expression increased in the kidney, but decreased in the liver, jejunum, and ileum. Correlation analysis revealed that liver GLUT9 expression correlated positively, and renal GLUT9 expression correlated negatively with the SUA level. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that there may be a feedback regulation of GLUT9 in the chicken liver and kidney to maintain the SUA balance; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated in future studies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Background Dermal backflow (DBF), which refers to lymphatic reflux due to lymphatic valve insufficiency, is a diagnostic finding in lymphedema. However, the three-dimensional structure of DBF remains unknown. Photoacoustic lymphangiography (PAL) is a new technique that enables the visualization of the distribution of light-absorbing molecules, such as hemoglobin or indocyanine green (ICG), and can provide three-dimensional images of superficial lymphatic vessels and the venous system. This study reports the use of PAL to visualize DBF structures in the extremities of patients with lymphedema after cancer surgery. Methods Patients with a clinical or lymphographic diagnosis of lymphedema who previously underwent surgery for cancer at one of two participating hospitals were included in this study. PAL was performed using the PAI-05 system. ICG was administered subcutaneously in the affected hand or foot, and ICG fluorescence lymphography was performed using a near-infrared camera system prior to PAL. Results Between April 2018 and January 2019, 21 patients were enrolled and examined using PAL. The DBF was composed of dense, interconnecting, three-dimensional lymphatic vessels. It was classified into three patterns according to the composition of the lymphatic vessels: a linear structure of lymphatic collectors (pattern 1), a network of lymphatic capillaries and lymphatic collectors in an underlying layer (pattern 2), and lymphatic capillaries and precollectors with no lymphatic collectors (pattern 3). Conclusions PAL showed the structure of DBF more precisely than ICG fluorescence lymphography. The use of PAL to visualize DBF assists in understanding the pathophysiology and assessing the severity of cancer-related lymphedema.