• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce the new concept of ${\omega}-D^*$-distance on a $D^*$-metric space and prove a non-convex minimization theorem which improves the result of Caristi[1], ${\'{C}}iri{\'{c}}$[2], Ekeland[4], Kada et al.[5] and Ume[8, 9].

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2016

The root bark of Ulmus macrocarpa has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as edema, infection and inflammation. Nevertheless, the biological activities and underlying mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effects remain unclear. In this study, as part of our ongoing screening program to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of new compounds from traditional medicinal resources, we investigated the effects of U. macrocarpa water extract (UME) on immune modulation in a murine RAW 264.7 macrophage model. As immune response parameters, the productions of as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 were evaluated. Although the release of IL-1β remained unchanged in UME-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, the productions of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased, along with the increased expression of inducible NO synthase, TNF-α and IL-10 expression at concentrations with no cytotoxicity. UME treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) indicating that UME activated macrophages through the activation of NF-κB, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, pre-treatment with UME significantly attenuated the production of NO, but not TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells suggesting that UME may be useful in preventing inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive production of NO. These findings suggest that the beneficial therapeutic effects of UME may be attributed partly to its ability to modulate immune functions in macrophages.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.49
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• pp.225-260
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• 2012

The poetry of Haseo Jo Gyeong is first characterized by its fantasy content with mysterious and strange beings such as mountain wizards, gods of flowers, ghosts, Jujos and dragons. Such works imply the huge gap between his political ideal of Neo-Confucianism and the reality of society and are expressions of his resulting sorrow. Of course, he did not just look at reality pessimistically. Like other Neo-Confucianism scholars, he used the symbol of "spring" in his poems, which indicates that he did have optimistic belief in the world in spite of despair. In his poems, the symbol of "spring" implies the political world where the noble man grabbed the power and the sinister groups were extracted or the world where the political ethics of Neo-Confucianism was implemented. His works depicting the essence of natural objects, mountains, and rivers exhibit the characteristics of his poetry more clearly. He described the law of the universe behind natural objects and the vibrant aspects of natural objects by depicting their movements in a clear and sharp manner. Unlike the old Neo-Confucianism scholars that often created poems on the topic of acquirement of natural law and nature, he expanded his poetic world in a direction of revealing the secrets of objects. His works describing the spirit of mountains and rivers are especially noteworthy in that they implied a life attitude of moving forward in an deteriorating world bravely by manifesting strong and dynamic power. Paying attention to the secrets of natural objects, Haseo displayed his life ideal in richer ways by painting the new forms of ume flowers. Unlike the old ume flowers poems in the past, his ume flowers poems present ume flowers as ascetics that obtained truth, men of virtue that inspired contemporary people, or retired gentlemen that revealed the profound secrets of nature. While it is unique that he manifested the forms of ume flowers in ascetics and men of virtue while perceiving the dark reality of society, it is more noteworthy that he described ume flowers as the beings revealing the profound secrets of nature. It was the expression of his yearning for an innocent personality and his fear for losing the personality, clearly depicting a human form of his ego. He created a more human and realistic personality ideal by embracing the contemporary thinking based on the profound secrets of nature in his Dohak poetry[道學詩], which is a significant achievement in that it showed new changes to Dohak poetry in the 18th century.

• 도로교통
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• s.91
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• pp.50-63
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• 2003

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 1998

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30
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• pp.28-40
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• 1984

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 1996

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.32 no.3_spc
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• pp.463-475
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• 1992

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.108-118
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• 2012

In Korean society entered into an aging society, seeing aging women's lives, the lives of older women through women's eyes means, in a sense, calling the older female audience as the subject. On International Women's Film Festival in Seoul (2006), and now in South Korea opened with the title (2002) through the respective movies understanding 'aging' and the way represented older women will be discussed. shows grandma Marta's a pleasant commotion drew with the villagers, family and friends until openig Lingerie Shop brought in her own sewing skills. challenges social prejudices regarding dementia and the brutality, and reflect the meaning of the 'the provision of care for the elderly' in a circle around bond of the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law There is difference of the producig region of made in Switzerland and made in Japan. Nevertheless, women's solidarity and alone 'late blooming flowers, cut back, even if the theme of encapsulate life through a person as a new subject to buy back more than once on the community have to be made is significant hope.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.365-370
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the influence of extracts from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium on hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Experimental animals were divided into 7 groups : normal control group(NC), diabetes control group (DC), positive control group(PC), non-fermented OCM(oriental medicine & cereal medium) extracts group (UM), crude polysaccharide of non-fermented OCM extracts group (UME), fermented OCM extracts group (UF), crude polysaccharide of fermented OCM extracts group (UFE). NC, DC groups were orally administered saline, PC group was orally administered acarbose. UM, UME, UF, UFE groups were orally administered each extract once a day for 14days. Blood glucose level was lower in the all administering OCM extract groups (UM, UME, UF, UFE) than in the diabetes group(p<0.05), and specially UF, UFE groups were similar to tendency of PC group. ALT, ALP activity in OCM groups were not significantly lowered than PC group(p<0.05). AST activity was not different with PC group. The results of this study show that extracts from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium may have a beneficial effect on the hypoglycemia.