• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.50-57
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• 2004

In this study reinforcing effect of soil nailed-drilled shafts subjected to axial and lateral loads were evaluated. Special attention was given to the reinforcing effects of soil nails placed from the drilled shafts to surrounding weathered- and soft-rocks based on model tests, numerical analyses and load tests. The model tests and numerical analyses are conducted to analyze the reinforcing effect of various conditions of number, inclination, position and length. The results of 1/40 scale model tests and numerical analyses show that as the number of reinforcing level increases, the incremental effect of reinforcement tends to increase, whereas the reinforcing effect on relative position is negligible. In addition there is a reinforcing effect as the inclination angle increaes up to 30 degrees. Based on the results of tensile load tests, soil nailed-drilled shafts has a considerably smaller settlement to reach the ultimate level when compared with the result of un-reinforced drilled shafts. For compression tests, there is a reinforcing effect of about 200% measured.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-166
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• 2015

In the present study, a Finite Element Model has been developed and used to study the effect of diameter to wall thickness ratio (D/t) of steel tube filled with concrete under axial loading on its behavior and load carrying capacity. The model is verified by comparing its findings with available experimental results. Influence of thickness and area of steel tube on strength, ductility, confinement and failure mode shapes has been studied. Strength enhancement factors, load factor, confinement contribution, percentage of steel and ductility index are defined and introduced for the assessment. A parametric study by varying length and thickness of tube has been carried out. Diameter of tube kept constant and equals to 140 mm while thickness has been varied between 1 mm and 6 mm. Equations were developed to find out the ultimate load and confined concrete strength of concrete. Variation of lateral confining pressure along the length of concrete cylinder was obtained and found that it varies along the length. The increase in length of tubes has a minimal effect on strength of tube but it affects the failure mode shapes. The findings indicate that optimum use of materials can be achieved by deciding the thickness of steel tube. A better ductility index can be obtained with the use of higher thickness of tube.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.591-604
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• 2008

In this study, two design examples of drilled shafts on soft ground in Ho-Chi-Minh City, Vietnam are introduced. One is for a 27-story apartment and the other is for a Arch bridge over Saigon river. Unlikely the normal cases in Korea, all of the bored pile foundations are supposed to be placed on soil layers. Therefore, skin friction between pile and ground is the most crucial design parameter. Three methods using SPT N value of sandy soil -Korean Road Bridge Code(1996), Reese and Wright (1977), and O'Neill and Reese (1988)- were adopted to obtain an ultimate axial bearing capacity. In order to verify the calculated bearing capacity, 3 sets of static load test and a Osterberg Cell test were performed at an apartment site and a bridge site respectively. LRFD (Load Resistance Factored Design) method was compared with ASD (Allowable Stress Design) method. On application of ASD method, safety factor for skin friction was adopted as 2 or 3 while safety factor for end bearing was 3. The design bearing capacities from ASD method matched well with those from LRFD method when safety factor for skin friction was adopted as 2.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2007

기존의 많은 연구에서 비구속 콘크리트에 비해 FRP로 구속된 콘크리트는 강도 및 연성의 탁월한 증진 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나, FRP로 구속된 콘크리트에 대한 보강 설계 시 구속 효과에 의한 정확한 평가가 요구된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 FRP로 구속된 콘크리트의 강도 및 변형률을 예측하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 102개의 실험체를 제작하여 일축압축실험을 수행하였으며 축하중, 축방향 변형률 및 횡방향 변형률을 측정하였다. 또한, 보다 정확한 극한응력과 변형률 예측식을 개발하기 위하여 기존 연구 결과를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 FRP로 구속된 콘크리트의 압축강도 실험을 통해 강도 및 변형률 예측 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 식은 기존의 설계식에 비해 극한응력과 파괴 변형률을 보다 정확하게 예측하였다. 결과적으로, 본 연구에서 제안된 식은 구속된 콘크리트의 보수 보강을 위한 응력-변형률 모델에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.615-627
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• 2019

This paper aims to study the compressive behavior of circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under simulated marine atmospheric corrosion. The specimens after salt spray corrosion were tested under axial compressive load. Steel grade and corrosion level were mainly considered in the study. The mechanical behavior of circular CFST specimens is compared with that of the corresponding hollow ones. Design methods for circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns are modified to consider the effect of marine atmospheric corrosion. The results show that linear fitting curves could be used to present the relationship between corrosion rate and the mechanical properties of steel after simulated marine atmospheric corrosion. The ultimate strength of hollow steel tubular and CFST columns decrease with the increase of corrosion rate while the ultimate displacement of those are hardly affected by corrosion rate. Increasing corrosion rate would change the failure of CFST stub column from ductile failure to brittle failure. Corrosion rate would decrease the ductility indexes of CFST columns, rather than those of hollow steel tubular columns. The confinement factor ${\xi}$ of CFST columns decreases with the increase of corrosion rate while the ratio between test value and nominal value shows an opposite trend. With considering marine atmospheric corrosion, the predicted axial strength of hollow steel tubular and CFST columns by Chinese standard agree well with the tested values while the predictions by Japanese standard seem conservative.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.821-835
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• 2016

The paper presents an experimental study of the structural behavior of circular flyash-concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under axial compressive loads. In this study, 90% and 100% by weight of the cement in the concrete core was replaced with flyash. Twenty-seven specimens were tested to study the influence of flyash content, wall thickness of the steel tube, and curing age on the ultimate capacity and confinement effect. The experimental results were compared with the design values calculated using AISC-LRFD (1999), ACI (1999), AIJ (1997) and Eurocode 4 (1994). From the experimental study, it was determined that the confinement effect of circular steel tubes filled with high content flyash concrete was better than that of specimens filled with ordinary Portland cement concrete. The 5.88-mm-thick steel tube filled with 100% flyash concrete was equivalent in strength to a steel tube filled with C30 concrete at 28 days.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.597-610
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• 2020

Stress-strain models of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete have been widely investigated; however, the existing load which is always supported by structures during the retrofitting phase, namely 'preload', has been neglected. Thus, preload effects should be clarified, providing insightful information for FRP retrofitting of structures with preload conditions. Towards this aim, experiments were performed for 27 cylinder concrete specimens with the diameter 150 mm and the height 300 mm. Three specimens were used to test the compressive strength of concrete to compute the preloads 20%, 30% and 40% of the average strength of these specimens. Other 24 specimens were divided into 2 groups; each group included 4 subgroups. Four subgroups were subjected to the above preloads and no preload, and were then wrapped by 2 FRP layers. Similar designation is applied to group 2, but wrapped by 3 FRP layers. All specimens were tested under axial compression to failure. Explosive failure is found to be the characteristic of specimens wrapped by FRP. Experimental results indicated that the preload decreases 12-13% the elastic and second stiffness of concrete specimens wrapped by 2 FRP layers. The stiffness reduction can be mitigated by the increase of FRP layers. Preload negligibly reduces the ultimate force and unclearly affects the ultimate displacement probably due to complicated cracks developed in concrete. A mechanism of preload effects is presented in the paper. Finally, to take into account preload effects, a modification of the widely used model of un-preload FRP confined concrete is proposed and the modified model demonstrated with a reasonable accuracy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2017

This paper presents a combined numerical and theoretical study on the composite action between steel and concrete of circular steel tube confined concrete (STCC) stub columns under axial compressive loading with a full theoretical elasto-plastic model and finite element (FE) model in comparison with experimental results. Based on continuum mechanics, the elasto-plastic model for STCC stub columns was established and the analysis was realized by a FORTRAN program and the three dimensional FE model was developed using ABAQUS. The steel ratio of the circular STCC columns were defined in range of 0.5% to 2% to analyze the composite action between steel tube and concrete, and make a further study on the advantages of the circular STCC columns. By comparing the results using the elasto-plastic methods with the parametric analysis result of FE model, the appropriate friction coefficient between the steel tube and core concrete was defined as 0.4 to 0.6. Based on ultimate balance theory, the formula of ultimate load capacity applying to the circular STCC stub columns was developed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.331-347
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• 2012

This paper describes the varying material model, the analysis method and the software development for reinforced concrete circular columns confined by spiral or hoop transverse steel reinforcement and subjected to eccentric loading. The widely used Mander model of concentric loading is adapted here to eccentric loading by developing an auto-adjustable stress-strain curve based on the eccentricity of the axial load or the size of the compression zone to generate more accurate interaction diagrams. The prediction of the ultimate unconfined capacity is straight forward. On the other hand, the prediction of the actual ultimate capacity of confined concrete columns requires specialized nonlinear analysis. This nonlinear procedure is programmed using C-Sharp to build efficient software that can be used for design, analysis, extreme event evaluation and forensic engineering. The software is equipped with an elegant graphics interface that assimilates input data, detail drawings, capacity diagrams and demand point mapping in a single sheet. Options for preliminary design, section and reinforcement selection are seamlessly integrated as well. Improvements to KDOT Bridge Design Manual using this software with reference to AASHTO LRFD are made.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1992

본 논문은 모래지반에 박힌, 기하학적 특성과 설치방법이 서로 다른 모형말뚝의 극한상장지지력에 대한 연구이다. 기하학적 특성의 측면으로는 균일직편말뚝, 선단확대말뚝, 다층확대말뚝과 앵커플레이트가 시험되고 기일직경말뚝에 대한 말뚝설치방법이 극한지지력에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 매설, ao입, 진동관입방법이 연구되었다. 실험결과에 의하면 기초가 상장력과 압축력을 받는 경우에는 선단확대 말뚝이, 오직 상장력에 대해서는 앵커플레이트가 가장 효과적이며, 또한 말뚝설치방법 및 타입 말뚝의 선단 모양은 상장지지목에 큰 영향을 준다는 것이 밝혀졌다.