• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2016

Ulmus pumila L. bark underwent distilled water extraction under three temperature condition ($4^{\circ}C$, room temperature, or $80^{\circ}C$) and two extraction times (1, or 5 min) in order to develop a functional beverage products. Changes in yield, pH, color, total phenolic (TP) content, tannin content and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts were evaluated for each extraction temperature and duration. Extraction conditions did not affect yield or pH value of the extracts; however CIE $b^*$ values were high in extracts prepared under high extraction temperature ($80^{\circ}C$) and long extraction duration (5 min) conditions. Both extraction temperature and duration affected the TP and tannin contents of the extracts; however, all extraction conditions resulted in ${\geq}450\;mg\;GAE/g$ TP content and ${\geq}80\;mg\;CE/g$ tannin content. All extracts exhibited ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging ability similar to that of vitamin C. Nitric oxide inhibition activity was lower in the 5 min duration sample than in the 1 min sample. The $4^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature produced an extract with the highest reducing power and hydrogen peroxide values. Extraction temperature also affected sensory evaluation results with the $80^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature producing significantly higher flavor, bitterness, and color score, than those obtained under $4^{\circ}C$ and room temperature extraction conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2003

This study was executed by China along with the Tumen river, which formed border of North Korea and China. As a result 91 family, 282 genera, 363 species, 57 variety 4 species, total 424 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The examination area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone, evergreen coniferous forest zone. The followings are representative plants, which found in an examination area but not in South Korea. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Betula playphylla, Ulmus pumila, Populus koreana, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Salix brachypoda, Phacelurus latifolius, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis, Calla palustris, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Lilium davuricum, Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium lupinaster, Ledebourieila seselodeds, Polemonium racemosum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Linnaea borealis, Thladiantha dubia, Inula helenium, Trollius hondoensis, Hypocaeris ciliata, Aconitum kirinense, Aconitum arcuatum, Potentilla viscosa var. macrophylla. And there are 21 rare and endangered species, which Korean Forest Sevice designated, such as Aconitum koreanum, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris setosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Lilium davuricum, Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Penthorum chinense, Phacelurus latifolius, Rosa marretii, Sparganium stoloniferum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Trillium tschonoskii, Utricularia japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, etc. Especially, plants like, Acanthopanax senticosus, Jeffersonia dubia and Lillum cernum which have high values of ornamental, and medical use are in an extinction crisis. High swampy land was formed to upper stream of Tumen river. It showed representative vegitation, like Carex sp., Scirpus radirans, Eriophorum latifolium. Wetlands plant and a dune plant were mixed in down stream area of Tumen river. On a dune, seashore plants, such as Carex kobomugi, Salsola collina, Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides, Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, Phacelurus latifolius were appeared frequently.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2008

Host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes (Mitschulsky) were investigated in golf courses in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi. Ten plant species in 7 families were observed to be fed on from golf courses. Thus, total number of host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes were 94 species in 30 families. Rhododendron indicum and Rhododendron japonicum for. flavum in Ericaceae, Euonymus alata for. ciliato-dentatus in Celastraceae, Ulmus davidiana for. suberosa in Ulmaceae, Malus pumila var. dulcissima and Malus baccata in Rosaceae, Weigela florida for. subricdor in Caprifoliaceae, Betula platyphylla var. japonica in Betulaceae, Salix purpurea var. japonica in Salicaceae, and Quercus palustris in Fagaceae were newly listed host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes in golf courses. Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Malus pumila var. dulcissima and Quercus palustris were heavily damaged host plants of Ectinohoplia rufipes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-200
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• 2003

This study was conducted by China along with the Tumen River, which cuts between of North Korea and China. As a result 92 family, 287 genera, 470 species, 57 variety 4 formas, total 531 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The surveyed area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone and evergreen coniferous forest zone. The specfic plants which is protected by The Natural Environmental Preseration Act appeared to 6 taxa, and rare and endangered plants conserved by Forestry Administration were found 21 taxa in these areas. Among them Lilium cernum, Jeffersonia dubia, Acanthopanax senticosus could be regarded as very important one for chinese medicine. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Populus koreana, Betula fusenensis, Ulmus pumila, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Vaccinium uliginosum, Astragalus membranaceus, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis etc. are not distributed in the South Korea.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2006

Many plant extracts are known to have antioxidative effects. However, their activities can be reduced or disappeared during mass production process. The purpose of this study is to compare antioxidative effects of edible plant extracts distributed in Korea. forty three kinds of edible plant extracts commercially available in Korea were selected and investigated for their total phenolics contents and antioxidative potentials(DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities). In contents of total phenolics, the commercial plant extracts from Artemisia annua(whole plant), Ilex paraguariensis(leaf, Silybum marianum(fruit and leaf, Ulmus pumila(bark), Coliolus versicolor(fruit), and Curcuma longa(root and stem) contained over 70 mg/g of powder, DPPH radical scavenging activities($SC_{50}$, 50% scavenging concentration) of A. annua, I. paraguariensis, Pinus densiflora(leaf),S. marianum, U. pumila, and C. longa were $53.96{\pm}0.81\;ppm,\;24.61{\pm}2.12\;ppm,\;35.96{\pm}1.11\;ppm,\;57.46{\pm}2.13\;ppm,\;55.25{\pm}1.65\;ppm\;and\;12.99{\pm}1.67ppm$, respectively, while that of positive control(vitamin C) was $3.86{\pm}0.81\;ppm$. $SC_{50}$ values against superoxide anion radical of A. annua, Cinnamomum zeylanicum(bark), I. paraguariensis, Rubus coreanus(fruit and leaf), Morus alba(leaf), P. densiflora, S. marianum, U. pumila, C. versicolor, C. longa, Perilla frutescens var. acuta(leaf), and H. sabdariffa(leaf and newer) were $53.21{\pm}1.83ppm,\;50.12{\pm}2.12ppm,\;5.59{\pm}0.84ppm,\;41.60{\pm}8.93ppm,\;20.19{\pm}0.97ppm,\;15.19{\pm}1.66ppm,\;21.20{\pm}1.88ppm,\;15.71{\pm}0.91ppm,\;55.48{\pm}2.42ppm,\;52.12{\pm}2.44ppm,\;23.80{\pm}1.98ppm\;and\;11.14{\pm}0.51ppm$, respectively($SC_{50}$ value of vitamin C: $9.61{\pm}0.93ppm$). In particular, both 1 paraguariensis and P. densiflora had high content of phenolics as well as high scavenging activities of DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical. Consequently, above two commercial extracts may be useful as a source of antioxidative nutraceutics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.240-250
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• 1997

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Soch'ongbong-Taech'ongbong Area in Soraksan , 36 plots (20m*20) set up with random sampling method. Three groups - Quercus mongolica- Abies holophylla community, Acer mandshuricum- Abies nebhrolepis community, Abies holophylla-Ulmus laciniata-were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were proved between Ulmus laciniata and Carpinus cordata; Tripterygium regelii and Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica ; Tripterygium regelii and Rhodo- dendron brachycarpum ; Carpinus cordata and Rhododenron mucronulatm; Wergela subsessilis and Rhododenron nucronulatum and High negative correlations were proved between Rhododen- dron schippenbachii and Euonymus macroptera; Betula ermani and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Magnolia sieboldii, Betula costata ; Pinus pumila and Pinus koraiensis. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.8393~1.3431.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1990

To select suitable siecies for barrier trees in the middle tmperature forest zone of Korea, sprout ratio, verdi cal density ratio and impenetrability were analyzed for 41 species including 9 evergreen conifer trees which had been transplanted 18 years ago and maintained as a hedge at Pocheon - Gun, Kyonggi -Do, Korea. 1. The species with high sprout ratio of hedges were Rosa multiflora, Lonicera maackii, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Thuja occidentalis in order at the upper portion, Thuja occidentalis, Rosa multiflora, Chamaecyparis pisifera, in order oa the middle portion, and Thuja occidentals, Chamaecyparis pisigera, Rosa multiflora, Cercdiphyllum japonicum, Cornus kousa, Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia in order at the lower portion of hedges. 2. the species with high vertical density ratio were Thuja occidentalis, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Weigela subsessilis, Acer ginnala in order. 3.The species with hight impnetrability were Thuja occidentalis, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Forsythia Koreana, Juniperus rigida, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus strobus in order. 4. the values of correlation coefficents between the sprout ratio and impenetrability are given in table 3 and positive significant correlations can be observed in conifer trees.5. The species with high suitability for tree barrier were Thuja occidontalis, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Acer ginnala, Juniperus chinensis, Rosa multiflora, Counus kousa, Cercidiphyllum japonocum, Weigela subsessilis, Cornus officinalis, Philadelphus schrenckii in order.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 1997

One hundred and seventy crude drugs were screened for prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitors. Among them, 80% methanolic extract of 18 medicinal plants such as Polygonum cuspi data, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eugenia caryophyllata, Rubus coreanus, Cinnamomum cassia (Cassiae Cortex and Cinammomi Ramulus), Rheum palmatum, Ulmus pumila, Sorbus commixta, Areca catechu, Uncaria sinensis, Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia sappan, Nelumbo nucifera, Machilus thunbergii, Paeonia moutan, Elscholtzia patrini and Cynomorium coccineum inhibited more than 70% of PEP activity at a concentration of 40 ppm. The active principles of P. moutan, M. thunbergii, T chebula, A. catechu, S. commixta, R. palmatum, R. coreanus, E. caryophyllata and P. cuspidata were transferred into organic solvents, which showed more than 75% inhibition at 5 ppm.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to verify the effect of Herbal Decoction for Sitz Bath on postpartum mother's perineal healing. Methods: Women who had given birth vaginally and had an episiotomy were included in study. The primary outcome for study was severity of pain, discomfort, rated on a 10-cm visual analog scale from 0("no pain") to 10("worst pain ever"). As a secondary outcome, we also evaluated side effect and "feeling". Results: In clinical trial, perineal pain, perineal discomfort, after-pain were significantly low at postpartum 3th days, respectively. And mothers were satisfied with "Herbal Decoction for Sitz Bath". Conclusion: According to these results, we finally concluded that "herbal decoction for sitz bath" for perineal care could be effective in healing the perineum.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Natural anti-oxidative compounds have important disease prevention and food preservation properties, in addition to anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and skin whitening effects. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an ultra vilolet (UV) detector coupled to a reverse phase C18 column and an online measurement system for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, was used to search for potent antioxidative compounds in crude extracts. The online HPLC-DPPH assay was then applied to confirm antioxidative compounds in water extracts from Radix of Pueraria lobata, Rhizoma of Zingiber officinale, Fructus of Chaenomeles sinensis, Cortex of Ulmus pumila, and Radix of Astragalus membranaceus. To determine the yields of the extracts, the Brix% of each extract solution was measured using a refractometer. When the relative DPPH radical scavenging ability values of the water extracts were compared with those of a positive control (ascorbic acid), the water extracts of P. lobata, C. sinensis, and U. pumila were 7.77%, 4.71%, and 4.19%, respectively. The results suggest that this method provides a useful assay for rapid measurement of DPPH radical scavenging abilities and conformation of antioxidative compounds in natural products. Moreover, it can reduce the time spent on the separation of active compounds from natural materials, such as medicinal plants, in addition to the use of reagents for separation.