• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-674
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• 2005

The factors for the childhood onset obesity were assessed to provide informations for the nutrition education program targeting the primary school children. The subjects of this study were 529 primary school children in Iksan City, Jeon-buk Province. Children were classified into obese(236) and control(293) groups by the obesity index. Anthropometric measurement dietary intake through 24-hour recall method, blood analysis and questionnaire response including nutritional knowledge and attitude, body image recognition and eating habits were conducted The mean age of subject was 12.0 years. The average body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), and obesity index(p<0.001) in obese group were significantly different from those in control group; their values in the former were 26.5 kg/m2 and $37.7\%$ and 43.0 kg, 19.8 kg/m2 and $3.2\%$ in the latter, respectively. The average scores of self-satisfaction were significantly different in two groups (p<0.001), 31.2, and 34.1, respectively. Among the obese subjects, $60.6\%$ were unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their body image, and $76.5\%$ had experiences of weight control and $67.5\%$ took diet control as a weight control method Among mothers of obese subjects, $89.1\%$ were unsatisfied with their children's body image. $64.4\%$ of obese subjects had obese parents. Average intake of energy were $76.7\%$ of RDA in obese group and $74.9\%$ of RDA in control group. Average intake of cereals(p<0.01), potatoes & starch(p<0.01) and eggs(p<0.01) between obese and control subjects were significantly different; 295.4g, 76.2g, 55.6g in the former and 277.9g, 38.1g, 45.6g in the latter, respectively. The mean serum triglyceride(p<0.05), GPT(p<0.05), hemoglobin(p<0.001) concentration of the obses and control subjects were significantly different; in the former, 103.6mg/dL, 24.6U/L, 13.4g/dL, and in the latter, 93.7mg/dL, 19.9U/L, 13.1g/dL, respectively, The results suggest that practical nutrition education for the prevention of childhood onset obese should be provided to primary school children.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.390-399
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• 2012

Endoglucanase gene egIV was cloned from Trichoderma viride AS 3.3711, an important cellulose-producing fungus, by using an RT-PCR protocol. The egIV cDNA is 1,297 bp in length and contains a 1,035 bp open reading frame encoding a 344 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular mass of 35.5 kDa and isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.29. The expression of gene egIV in T. viride AS 3.3711 could be induced by sucrose, corn straw, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or microcrystalline cellulose, but especially by CMC. The transcripts of egIV were regulated under these substrates, but the expression level of the egIV gene could be inhibited by glucose and fructose. Three recombinant vectors, pYES2-xegIV, $pYES2M{\alpha}$-egIV, and $pYES2M{\alpha}$-xegIV, were constructed to express the egIV gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae H158. The CMCase activity of yeast transformants $IpYES2M{\alpha}$-xegIV was higher than that of transformant IpYES2-xegIV or $IpYES2M{\alpha}$-egIV, with the highest activity of 0.13 U/ml at induction for 48 h, illustrating that the modified egIV gene could enhance CMCase activity and that $MF{\alpha}$ signal peptide from S. cerevisiae could regulate exogenous gene expression more effectively in S. cerevisiae. The recombinant EGIV enzyme was stable at pH 3.5 to 7.5 and temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ to $65^{\circ}C$. The optimal reaction condition for EGIV enzyme activity was at the temperature of $55^{\circ}C$, pH of 5.0, 0.75 mM $Ba^{2+}$, and using CMC as substrate. Under these conditions, the highest activity of EGIV enzyme in transformant $IpYES2M{\alpha}$-xegIV was 0.18 U/ml. These properties would provide technical parameters for utilizing cellulose in industrial bioethanol production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.712-716
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• 2011

We investigated changes in the extraction yield and whitening activity of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll due to gamma irradiation. U. pinnatifida sporophyll was gamma-irradiated at doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 kGy, then extracted with hot water and precipitated with ethanol to extract polysaccharides. Crude polysaccharide yields increased with an increase in irradiation dosage, but tyrosinase inhibition activity did not change. Melanin synthesis did not significantly differ between B16BL6 cells treated with irradiated and non-irradiated samples. In conclusion, gamma irradiation increased the crude polysaccharide extraction yield but did not change the whitening activity of U. pinnatifida sporophyll. This implies that gamma irradiation can be used to increase yields in the cosmetic industry, thus increasing profits.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.33-58
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• 2010

Der Antisemitismusstreit in der Philosophie Heideggers kann als ein Streit um seine politische Theologie bezeichnet werden. Fast alle Epigonen Heideggers haben seine Teilnahme an Nazi-Bewegung anerkannt, aber seine antisemitische Haltung verneint. Farias und Faye haben dagegen so behauptet, $da{\ss}$ seine antisemitische Haltung bzw. rassistische Tendenz in seiner ganzen Vorlesungen und Werken gefunden werden $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$. Insbesonders nationalsozialistische bzw. antisemitische Tendenz Heideggers kann als die Stoffe der politischen Theologie im Horizont der seinen eigentlichen $Faktizit{\ddot{a}}t$ gekennzeichnet werden. Die gesamten Vorlesungen und Schriften Heideggers sind seine eigene Gedanken, welche durch keinen ${\ddot{a}}u{\ss}eren$ Zwang $durchgef{\ddot{u}}hrt$ werden. Heideggers Antisemitismus ist ja in diesem Sinne eine $tats{\ddot{a}}chliche$ $Faktizit{\ddot{a}}t$. Aber das ist kein ideologischen Wahnsystem der Nationalsozialisten, sondern eine Art des kulturellen Antisemitismus. Heidegger glaubte damit, die Erde und den Blut deutschen Volkes in der reinsten Weise aufzubewahren durch die Auferstehung des geistigen, geschichtlichen deutschen Daseins. Der rassistische, antisemitische Verdacht zur Heideggerschen Philosophie soll nur in diesem Denkshorizont kritisch interpretiert werden. Damit kann und soll Heideggers rassistische, antisemitische Haltung mit der Nationalsozialisten, welche die Vernichtung der Juden historisch und philosophisch zu legitimieren versucht, unterschiden werden.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2021

Despite strengthening requirements for fire retardancy and applied buildings of insulation panels, the number of fires and influence of damage have increased. In this study, the thermal effects were evaluated as the separation distances, and three types of EPS panel, glass wool panel, and gypsum board panel were then selected. Temperature sensors on the panels were installed vertically from the ground. The fire source on the lamination layer of lumber was ignited by changes in the separation distances (0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm) from the panels. The test results suggested that the maximum temperature was 349 ℃ in the EPS panel. The inside/outside shape changes were limited by the height of the low and middle positions until the critical point of a 25 cm separation distance. Furthermore, the combustion marks appeared after 500 s on average, and then the EPS panel with a high fire strength showed a broad "U type" pattern, glass wool panel, and gypsum board panel showed medium or narrow "V type" pattern. Therefore, the acquired data can provide valuable information for evaluating the fire risks and verifying fire investigation from buildings composed of these insulation panels.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2021

To analyze the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after stroke, this study was accomplished by considering Randomized Controlled Trials. We searched for papers that performed acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after stroke in the China Academic Journal of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020. In total, 23 reports were included in this review. There are 18 studies conducted with more than 50 subjects and less than 100 subjects. The largest number of treatment was 20 times. 28days(4weeks) was the largest number of treatment period, which accounted 10 studies. The most frequently used evaluation index was The Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA) and Clinical Efficacy, each used 21 times and 17 times. The most frequently used acupuncture point was LI3, which was used 13 times. The retention time was 30 minutes and 11 studies were conducted. Western medicine treatment was the most common control group in 15 studies. Most of studies showed result of the intervention group was statistically significant, compared with the control group. These results suggest that acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after stroke was effective and it was statistically more significant than the control group. However, it is difficult to confirm a conclusion, because the quality of most of studies was low.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

A functional screen of 60,672 fosmid metagenomic clones amplified from marine sediment obtained from the Dokdo islets in Korea identified the gene EstES1, whose product, EstES1, displayed lipolytic properties on tributyrin-supplemented media. EstES1 is a 576 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 59.4 kDa including 37 N-terminal leader amino acids. EstES1 exhibited the highest sequence similarity (44%) to a carboxylesterase found in Haliangium ochraceum DSM14365. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EstES1 belongs to a currently uncharacterized family of lipases. Within the conserved domain, EstES1 retains the catalytic triad that consists of the consensus penta-peptide motif, GESAG. EstES1 demonstrated a broad substrate specificity toward the long acyl group of ethyl esters (C2-C12), and its optimal activity was recorded toward p-Nitrophenyl butyrate (C4) at pH 9.0 and $40^{\circ}C$ (specific activity of 255.4 U/mg). The enzyme remained stable in the ranges of $60-65^{\circ}C$ and pH 9.0-10.5 and in the presence of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Therefore, EstES1 has potential for use in industrial applications involving high temperature, organic solvents, and/or alkaline conditions.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.225-256
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• 2010

The two school $M{\bar{a}}dhyamika$ and $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ act as a representative of $Mah{\bar{a}}y{\bar{a}}na$ Buddhism in India. But the two school disputed with each other insisting ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyat{\bar{a}}-v{\bar{a}}da$ and $vij{\tilde{n}}aptim{\bar{a}}trav{\bar{a}}da$ separately. To introduce the disputation shortly is as follow. $N{\bar{a}}g{\bar{a}}rjuna$ explained the world and truth by two truth theories(二諦說) which carry out truth of a word and the dimension(spiritual enlightenment) which is absolute(ultimate) to it being lokasaṁvṛtisatya(世俗諦) about the truth which can be expressed verbally, and which is phenomenon-like (everyday) at paramaarthasatya(勝義諦). By the way, lokasaṁvṛtisatya and paramaarthasatya are actually distinction of the recognition which is not an ontological distinction. That is, lokasaṁvṛti(世俗) is paramaartha(勝義) as it is the time of seeing by the eyes of those who have realized. The two truth theories of $N{\bar{a}}g{\bar{a}}rjuna$ was developed logical more precisely by his successors. With an everyday language, the position of Candrakīrti(月稱) that it cannot be expressed as the position of $Bh{\bar{a}}vaviveka$(淸辨) that paramaarthasatya can be expressed logically is opposed to each other, and dissociates by $Sv{\bar{a}}tantrika$(自立論證派) and $P{\bar{a}}rsagika$(歸謬論證派). Confrontation of $Sv{\bar{a}}tantrika$ and $P{\bar{a}}rsagika$ is the dispute about the ability of s which is the highest truth to be proved logically. The $P{\bar{a}}rsaga$ of Candrakirti thinks that people exist truly, and is because it claims not existing in the world where a favorite thing is actually actual. However, $Bh{\bar{a}}vaviveka$ proved Sunyata(空性)을 positively based on the reliance to language and logic. Also the mokṣa of $M{\bar{a}}dhyamika$ is not recovery of original condition of $vij{\tilde{n}}apti$ which is pure in itself as $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ saying, as well as obtaining a thing which is dravya-sat as $Sarv{\bar{a}}stiv{\bar{a}}din$ saying. The mokṣa of $M{\bar{a}}dhyamika$ means a condition of liberated from karma and pains through extinction of $prapa{\tilde{n}}ca$ and discrimination by realizing the real aspect of all dharma which is said by pratītyasamutpāda, $praj{\tilde{n}}apti$, niḥsvabhāva, ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nya$, $madhyam{\bar{a}}pratipad$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

This study investigated the enzyme histochemical localization and characteristics of lactate (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) related with the oxidation-reduction metabolism in the sparganum and adult of 5. erinacei. By enzyme histochemical assay, activity of LDH was strong in the tegument and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult and sparganum. Activity of MDH was strong in the tegument of the sparganum and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult. However it was weak in the tegument of the adult. By electrophoresis, 45 kDa band was major and common in LDH of adults and spargana. The 150 kDa molecule was the major and common band in MDH of adults and r -spargana (from experimentally infected rats) . By isoelectrofocusing, isoelectric points (Pl) or 4 MDH isogyme from adult worm were 6.0.6.5, 6.7 and 7.1, respectively. Pl 6.0 was the major band. The active range of pH for MDH was about pH 6-8 and the optimum pH was pH 7 The effective temperature on the MDH was about $30^{\circ}C$∼$50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature was about 40℃ in spargana md adult worm. In the stability against heat, when MDH was heated at 85℃ for 10 seconds, the activity was denatured perfectly. Maximum activity or MDH was 19.4 unit in the s-sparganum (from snakes), 24.5 unit in the r-sparganum (from rats) and 108.0 unit in the adult worm. The maximum activity was higher in adults than in spargana. The present result showed us that the nutrients absorbed through the tegument were transferred into inner tissues and were utilized as the source of metabolism. According to the habitat of the parasite, the isozymes of LDH and MDH are activated differently, and by this different activation the sparganum and adult can adapt themselves to parasitic circumstances.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.754-761
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of chitosan-ascorbate (CA) prepared with different molecular weight (223, 746, 1110 and 2025 kDa) on the fermentation and quality of mul-kimchi, and also, the effect of the mul-kimchi juice fermented with 0.1% chitosan-ascorbate prepared with 2025 kDa chitosan (CA2025) on the serum lipids of rae fed with high cholesterol diet (HC). The mul-kimchi fermented in 0.1% CA2025 has lower turbidity, longer shelf-life, higher glucosamine content and SOD activity than those of control and the other treatments. In the animal experiment the HC-CA2025 and HC-2CA2025 groups which were administered 0.5 mL per 100 g body weight of mul-kimchi juice fermented with 0.1% CA2025 and administered the same volume of the juice concentrated 112 per nay fed for 5 week, respectively. The average body weight of the HC-CA2025 and HC-2CA2025 group was lower 6.9% and 8.4% than that of HC control group respectively. Total serum cholesterol contents of these groups were 88.33 and 85.00 mg/uL, which were 17.45% and 20.56% lower than HC control group respectively. While, HDL-cholesterol content of these groups were 7% and 23%, higher the LDL-cholesterol content were 13% and 26% lower than those of HC control group respectively. And also, though the atherogenic index, AST and ALT activities were not reached to normal control group, the values were remarkably lower than those of HC control group. This study indicates the possibility of utility for kimchi industry by adding chitosan-ascorbate, especially CA2025 showing not only quality enhancing and shelf-life prolongation but also improving serum lipids and atherogenic index in rats fed with high cholesterol diet.