• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.239-247
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• 2020

Technological convergence is yielding new values and affecting various fields not by single technology but by convergence between technologies. This study aims to analyze the IT -BT-NT convergence and differences between technologies in respect of collaboration within (inventor) and between (assignee) organizations. Among the main technologies leading the technological convergence, IT is the most active of converging with other fields. BT is knowledge-intensive and strong cooperative networks are important in this area. NT is applied in various industrial fields upon the basic technology. Using the data on applied and granted patents by Korean applicants in the U.S., this study conducted quantitative analysis and ANOVA to gain the following results. First, the degree of convergence in between IT-BT-NT is continuously increasing since 2002. Second, BT is where the collaboration within and between organizations is the most active among IT-BT-NT. Third, there were certain differences in the degree of convergence according to the years and the fields of technologies in all the IT-BT-NT. Organizations cooperate with other institutions to sustain their competitiveness with limited internal resources. Companies in these fields are recommended to perform diverse strategies to pursue further collaboration with the outside.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 1997

The fishing industry of Korea is now i a critical transitional stage. That is, broadly speaking, there are two dominant factors that constrain the further development of Korea fishey and effective competition in the international fishing industry. First of all, the global fishing industry has experienced many significant changes due to the execution of U.N, maritime law, the establishment of EEZ(the Exclusive Economic Zones), the increased roles of WTO(the World Trade Organization) as well as Korea being a member of OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Second, the fishing industry of Korea is faced with the following domestic troubles, such as the icreasing fishing expenses, insufficient labor supply, and the collapse of traditional local co-operative organizations of fishing villages, etc. However, the demand for aquatic products of home consumers not only continues to increase but also is shifting to select more valuable species, completely ignoring the above-mentioned serious pressures incurred by the Korean fishery. To solve these problems and keep developing steadily, it is necessary for the fishing industry of Korea to adopt a more active and flexible development pattern in order to reset up the regional economic base in fishing villages nation-wide and make the exploitation of fishing resources balance. The paper gives an reconsideration to the primary alternatives facing the Korean fishery and its prospective roles in a realistic and far-sighted attitude. It may serve as an endeavour in seeking an outlet for the fishing industry of korea to advance forwardly and lastingly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.365-372
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• 2006

신제품 개발 과정에 있어 시장 요인과 기술 요인의 통합적 설계가 강조되면서 마케팅 영역(marketing domain)과 제조 영역(manufacturing domain)의 경계면(interface) 사이의 의견을 균형 있게 조정, 수렴해 주는 경계 시스템(interface system)에 대한 연구의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 배경을 토대로 각 영역(domain)에서 대표되는 신제품 파라미터 설계 방법인 컨조인트 분석과 다구찌 방법을 비교함으로써 두 영역의 신제품 개발 관점을 대비시키고 나아가 신제품 파라미터 설계를 위한 통합적 해결방안(integrated solution)을 제시한다. 그리고 도출된 방법론을 자동차 운전석 내부 설계 사례에 예시적으로 적용함으로써 유용성을 검증한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법론의 핵심적 특성과 차별적 의의는 기존의 연구들처럼 두 방법론을 선택하여 사용하는 것이 아니라 순차적으로 결합한 새로운 프로세스를 사용함으로 두 영역에서 발생하는 상충 관계(trade off)를 해결하여 고객의 효용도와 품질의 강건함이란 목적을 동시에 만족시키는 설계가 가능하다는데 있다. 나아가 신제품 개발 목표와 기업의 전략에 따라 분석의 순서와 설계수준의 크기를 조정할 수 있는 신축성을 확보할 수 있다는 점도 제시할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2014

In view of the increased threat arising terrorism, the International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) which attached to the SOLAS Convention. The ISPS Code requires a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities. For example, a shipowner must obtain the International Ship Security Certificate(ISSC). If the carrying vessel has not ISSC, the ship may be detained by the contracting governments. The Joint Cargo Committee(JCC) in London adopted the Cargo ISPS Endorsement, in which the assured who knowingly ships the cargoes on a non-ISPS Code compliant vessel will have no cover. However, where there is no the Cargo ISPS Endorsement in a Marine Cargo Insurance Policy and the cargo is carried by a non-ISPS Code certified vessel, the legal problem is whether or not it would constitute a breach of an implied warranty of seaworthiness and/or an implied warranty of legality. The purpose of this article is to analyze the potential legal issue on the relations between non-ISPS Code compliant vessel and two implied warranties under Marine Insurance Act(1906) in U.K.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.825-830
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• 2013

CA Arcot corporation in U.S.A has secure on-line financial trade solution and patent that verify whether transaction had change using virtual session. But, VPS(Virtual Private Session) has another vulnerability by way to construct CAPTCHA. We can't fully trust safety of VPS, Cause it could be attacked by using color information of CAPTCHA. In this paper, We suggest the method of attack VPS, and also point out the vulnerability of VPS though simulation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This paper examines the impacts of credit on income inequality in Vietnam. Though it is one of the most common measures of financial development, there is a dearth of research in this area. Unlike previous studies, the paper disaggregates the impact of each type of credit on income inequality, looking at the Gini coefficient. We employ the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to solve the endogenous problem. The primary data set contains a panel of 60 Provincial observations, from data collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The empirical findings show that, while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit contributes to reducing income inequality in Vietnam. The results also confirm the important roles of education, institutional quality and foreign direct investment in fighting against income inequality in Vietnam. However, the paper does not provide adequate evidence to support the inverted U-shaped relationship between credit and income inequality. Based on the findings, we argue that the government should direct flows of credit to real economic activities rather than speculative investment; more bank credit should be allocated to rural areas and agriculture; and favorable credit programs should be designed to promote education, especially of those living in rural areas.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.343-348
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• 2020

So far, research into multinational bank' overseas expansion has focused on foreign direct investment in the financial services industry. However, this study focused its existing theories on multinational banks on decision-making related to the type of overseas advancement of local financial institutions. For research, four environmental factors were considered: the scale of foreign direct investment, the scope of financial services that can be provided according to the rules of the host country, the corporate tax rate of the host country, and the level of development of the host country's banking industry. Through Kotra, data on the total amount of claims from 2010 to 2014 and the regulatory status for the country's financial industries were obtained. Hypothesis are built around theories and survey factors and has been demonstrated through regression analysis. Results show that Korean financial institutions tend to expand as legally independent subsidiaries where the corporate tax rate of the host country is relatively low. Contrary to the previous studies based on the U.S. banking corporates, results show that Korean banks tend to expand in forms of branches to the host countries with high level of banking system development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2010

소자의 축소화에 따라 floating gate 형의 flash 메모리 소자는 얇은 게이트 절연막 등의 이유로, 이웃 셀 간의 커플링 및 게이트 누설 전류와 같은 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 charge trap flash 메모리 (CTF) 소자가 연구되고 있지만, CTF 메모리 소자는 쓰기/지우기 속도와 데이터 보존 성능간의 trade-off 관계와 같은 문제점을 지니고 있다. 최근, 이를 극복하기 위한 방안으로, 다른 유전율을 갖는 유전체들을 적층시킨 터널 절연막을 이용한 Tunnel Barrier Engineered (TBE) 기술이 주목 받고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 TBE 기술을 적용한 MIS-capacitor를 높은 유전율을 가지는 Al2O3와 HfO2를 이용하여 제작하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 Si 기판 위에 Al2O3 /HfO2 /Al2O3 (AHA)를 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) 방법으로 약 2/1/3 nm의 두께를 가지도록 증착 하였고, Aluminum을 150 nm 증착 하여 게이트 전극으로 이용하였다. Capacitance-Voltage와 Current-Voltage 특성을 측정, 분석함으로써, AHA 구조를 가지는 터널 절연막의 전기적인 특성을 확인 하였다. 또한, high-k 물질을 이용한 터널 절연막을 급속 열처리 공정 (Rapid Thermal Annealing-RTA) 과 H2/N2분위기에서 후속열처리 공정 (Post-RTA)을 통하여 전기적인 특성을 개선 시켰다. 적층된 터널 절연막은 열처리를 통해 터널링 전류의 민감도의 향상과 함께 누설전류가 감소됨으로서 우수한 전기적인 특성이 나타남을 확인하였으며, 적층된 터널 절연막 구조와 적절한 열처리를 이용하여 빠른 쓰기/지우기 속도와 전기적인 특성이 향상된 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 기대할 수 있다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.200-215
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• 2002

There are some international standards and organization controling the quality characteristics of varieties and seeds such as UPOV, OECD, ISTA, AOSA. The National List system to check variety performance such as quality characteristics of plant varieties and seeds was established by each countries. The UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New varieties of Plant) regulates the requirement of plant variety protection that is distinctness (D), uniformity (U), stability (S) (here in after called DUS), Novelty and Denomination, and some quality characteristics are used to examine the requirement of plant variety protection by each crops. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation Development) seed scheme regulates the seed certification for seed trade between countries. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) and AOSA(Association for Official Seed Analyst) regulates the seed analysis standard and methods. Most of the countries in Europe has the National List system, which check the value for cultivation and use(VCU), that is to say, variety performance such as yield, quality and stress to environment. All the seeds should be enlisted in the National List before sell the seed in their country. All the quality characteristics checked variety performance are for instance, amylose and amylopectin content in rice, molting quality, $\beta$-glucan, protein in barley, protein and sugar content in soybean, sugar and amylopectin content in corn etc. Conditions for the protection of new variety of plant are DUS. Quality characteristics may be the important characteristics and used to check DUS in crop by crop. It is very important to develop a new characteristics and establish standard method fur examine the VCU and DUS test for each crop.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

This study examines the nonlinear relationship between financial development and economic growth in Pakistan using the threshold regression model for the period 1980-2017. We also employed quantile regression with 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 quantiles of conditional distribution. The quantile regression is based on minimizing of sum of squared residuals. The result indicates that economic growth responds positively to financial development when the level of financial development surpasses the threshold value of 0.151. However, when financial development lies below the threshold value (that is, 0.151), its impact on economic growth is negative. Thus, when financial development of Pakistan surpasses the threshold level, it contributes more towards economic growth since greater level of financial development contributes more to boosts economic growth. This finding reveals that economic growth reacts differently to financial development, and the relationship between financial development and economic growth is U-shaped in Pakistan. Among the other variables, physical capital, labor force, and government expenditure exert a positive effect on economic growth. Furthermore, inflation rate and trade openness have an insignificant impact on economic growth. The results of quantile regression also confirm the non-linear relationship between financial development and economic growth in Pakistan. The finding of this study suggests revamping of financial sector policies in Pakistan.