• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2010

Recently, the CO2 emission and energy consumption have become critical global issues to decide the future of nations. Especially, the spread of IT products and the increased use of internet and web applications result in the energy consumption and CO2 emission of IT industry though information technologies drive global economic growth. EU, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are using IT related environmental regulations such as WEEE(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), RoHS(Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substance), REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals) and EuP(Energy using Product), and have established systematic green business/IT strategies to enhance the competitiveness of IT industry. For example, the Japan government proposed the "Green IT initiative" for being compatible with economic growth and environmental protection. Not only energy saving technologies but energy saving systems have been developed for accomplishing sustainable development. Korea's CO2 emission and energy consumption continuously have grown at comparatively high rates. They are related to its industrial structure depending on high energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel Industry, automotive industry, shipbuilding industry, semiconductor industry, and so on. In particular, export proportion of IT manufacturing is quite high in Korea. For example, the global market share of the semiconductor such as DRAM was about 80% in 2008. Accordingly, Korea needs to establish a systematic strategy to respond to the global environmental regulations and to maintain competitiveness in the IT industry. However, green competitiveness of Korea ranked 11th among 15 major countries and R&D budget for green technology is not large enough to develop energy-saving technologies for infrastructure and value chain of low-carbon society though that grows at high rates. Moreover, there are no concrete action plans in Korea. This research aims to deduce the priorities of the Korean green business/IT strategies to use multi attribute weighted average method. We selected a panel of 19 experts who work at the green business related firms such as HP, IBM, Fujitsu and so on, and selected six assessment indices such as the urgency of the technology development, the technology gap between Korea and the developed countries, the effect of import substitution, the spillover effect of technology, the market growth, and the export potential of the package or stand-alone products by existing literature review. We submitted questionnaires at approximately weekly intervals to them for priorities of the green business/IT strategies. The strategies broadly classify as follows. The first strategy which consists of the green business/IT policy and standardization, process and performance management and IT industry and legislative alignment relates to government's role in the green economy. The second strategy relates to IT to support environment sustainability such as the travel and ways of working management, printer output and recycling, intelligent building, printer rationalization and collaboration and connectivity. The last strategy relates to green IT systems, services and usage such as the data center consolidation and energy management, hardware recycle decommission, server and storage virtualization, device power management, and service supplier management. All the questionnaires were assessed via a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very little" to "very large." Our findings show that the IT to support environment sustainability is prior to the other strategies. In detail, the green business /IT policy and standardization is the most important in the government's role. The strategies of intelligent building and the travel and ways of working management are prior to the others for supporting environment sustainability. Finally, the strategies for the data center consolidation and energy management and server and storage virtualization have the huge influence for green IT systems, services and usage This research results the following implications. The amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of IT equipment including electrical business equipment will need to be clearly indicated in order to manage the effect of green business/IT strategy. And it is necessary to develop tools that measure the performance of green business/IT by each step. Additionally, intelligent building could grow up in energy-saving, growth of low carbon and related industries together. It is necessary to expand the affect of virtualization though adjusting and controlling the relationship between the management teams.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how dental hygienists health management and to what extent they used medical care services due to occupational diseases. It's ultimately attempted to improve the health care of dental hygienists and promote their health. After relevant literature and data were reviewed, a survey was conducted for five months from June through October, 2003. The subjects in this study were 160 dental hygienists who worked at dental hospital and clinics across the nation. And the collected data were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) Concerning job-related health education experience, 83.1 percent, the greatest rate, had no experience to receive education, and the type of service made a significance difference to that(p<0.05). (2) As to in-house medical examination, 98.6 percent felt the need for medical examination, and 56.3 percent had ever their bodies examined. Their health examination experience was significantly different according to age(p<0.01), marital status(p<0.01), type of service(p<0.01), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.01). (3) Concerning how much they used hospitals after working as dental hygienists, 85.6 percent, the biggest group, had no experience to be hospitalized, and that was significantly different according to age(p<0.05), type of service(p<0.05), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.05). 51.9 percent had no experience to receive treatment as outpatients, and their career(p<0.01) made a significant difference to that. (4) As for how to cope with casual diseases, 34.4 percent, the largest group, visited pharmacies, and 32.5 percent, the next largest group, saw the doctors. In regard to herb restorative, 68.1 percent had no experience to take herb restorative, and that experience varied significantly with age(p<0.01), career(p<0.05) and annual income(p<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.864-880
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of the stress intervention program for domestic nurses. Methods. This study was conducted by analyzing 28 papers, which were selected from three hundred seventeen dissertation theses on Domestic Dissertations and Major Associated Journals on Nursing Stress Intervention by searching the Academic Research Information Service(http://riss4u.net) from 1995 to February 2017. Results. 1. The theses were analyzed by academic field, year, research subject, research program type, research topic, analysis of intervention study method and result variables. 2. The study showed that 15(82.14%) theses are masters', 8(28.57) theses are doctors' and 5(17) are journals. By nurses position, 26(92.86%) theses were about general nurses. By hospital, 21(75.00%) theses were about nurses working at the general hopitals whose wards were more than 300. 3. For research type, 7 theses were about aromatherapy(25.00). For the research subjects, 16 theses were about psychological variables. The study showed that the subjects were $22.62{\pm}7.62$ persons and mean intervention period was $3.8{\pm}2.61$ weeks. For experimental methods, 19 cases (67.86%) were non-equalty control group, which are most. Conclusions. In conclusion, research on nurses stress mediation has been steadily increasing. However, the studies on nurses stress intervention need to be diversified and activated because the intervention methods and types are fragmentary and the research fileds are concentrated on theses.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.71-89
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• 2005

This paper examines the ways of using information resources available through information retrieval systems of portal sites. We analyze the types of information resources, search capabilities, and interfaces of Naver, Empas, and Google Scholar. Naver's retrieval system sells research reports, papers, patents information, etc. to users, which is similar to C2C(Customer to Customer in e-commerce environment). Empas provides information from journals, research reports, and proceedings with no charge. Google Scholar's noteworthy efforts are their collaborative programs with and/or for major U.S. libraries, such as "Library Link" and "Library Project." Considering the extended information retrieval services of portals, especially the services like Google Scholar's library programs, libraries need to develop more specialized services, such as the customized information service for individual user, development of user convenience tools like OCLC WorldCat, more accessibility through ubiquitous library concept, and collaboration among libraries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This study was conducted to contribute to the basic data for decisions on environment policy improvement in health promotion for students in elementary, middle and high schools. This study was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in elementary, middle and high schools in residential, traffic congestional and industrial areas. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate, radon) and thermocircumstance (temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) indices were observed from June to August 2000. As results of the survey, the mean values of thermocircumstance in school were $26.94{\pm}1.15^{\circ}C$ of temperature, $68.88{\pm}5.31%$ of humidity and $268.26{\pm}164.60$ Lux of intensity of illumination. The mean concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate were $8.36{\pm}0.29\;ppm$, $547.66{\pm}175.58\;ppm$, $36.23{\pm}48.39\;{\mu}g/m3$, respectively. These values were lower than those of the indoor environmental standard on the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service notified public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentration of radon was $20.07{\pm}17.95\;Bq/m3$. Which was below the U.S. EPA radon action level.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.112-127
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• 2009

In 2007, due to the outcome of the Korea-U.S. FTA negotiations, the opportunities for American beef greatly increased and a serious change in the domestic dining market is expected. The market currently faces issues such as the settlement of the beef origin declaration policy and the fulfillment of customer needs on domestic and imported beef. The following are the summary of the results of the aforementioned research and analysis. First, the consumer awareness level of origin declarations was comparatively low. Second, the reason behind the propensity for imported beef was the comparatively cheaper price despite the lower taste quality, and it was determined that there is a high level of distrust on domestic beef sold in general restaurants. Third, domestic beef showed a high valuation in taste, safety and freshness, while imported beef showed results which were below average. Concluding from the above research results, a dining environment should be created where consumers can trust what they eat through settlement of an origin declaration policy, and more efforts should be put into fulfilling consumer needs for both domestic and imported beef.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-180
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• 2005

Since government institutions begin working 40 hours each week, public libraries in Korea face the challenge of not only enhancing the quality of life for librarians by improving their work environment, but also providing adequate information services for patrons. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential problems which could happen with the 40 working-hours each week in public libraries, and establish the strategies for resolving these problems. For this study, based on the existing research, an attempt is made to review and analyze the following facts: (1) the details of planning for 40 working-hours each week at the government institutions in Korea; (2) the current work environment and service strategies of public libraries in other countries, including the U.S., where librarians work 40 hours each week; (3) the present state of managing public libraries with 40 working-hours each week in Korea; and (4) the strategies of public libraries as a part of cultural infrastructure in preparing for 40 working-hours each week which will be fully implemented at the government institutions in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.91-93
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• 2003

It has been estimated that the equivalent of approximately $US 50 billion has been spent on research on the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment since Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962. Much of the resulting knowledge has been summarized explicitly in computer algorithms in a variety of empirical, deterministic, and probabilistic simulation models. These models describe and predict the transport, degradation and resultant concentrations of pesticides in various compartments of the environment during and after application. In many cases the known errors of model predictions are large. For this reason they are typically designed to be “conservative”, i.e., err on the side of over-prediction of concentrations in order to err on the side of safety. These predictions are then compared with toxicity data, from tests of the pesticide on a series of standard representative biota, including terrestrial and aquatic indicator species and higher animals (e.g., wildlife and humans). The models' predictions are good enough in some cases to provide screening of those compounds which are very unlikely to do harm, and to indicate those compounds which must be investigated further. If further investigation is indicated a more detailed (and therefore more complicated) model may be employed to give a better estimate, or field experiments may be required. A model may be used to explore “what if” questions leading to possible alternative pesticide usage patterns which give lower potential environmental concentrations and allowable exposures. We are currently at a maturing stage in this research where the knowledge base of pesticide behavior in the environmental is growing more slowly than in the past. However, innovative uses are being made of the explosion in available computer technology to use models to take ever more advantage of the knowledge we have. In this presentation, current developments in the state of the art as practiced in North America and Europe will be presented. Specifically, we will look at the efforts of the ‘Focus’ consortium in the European Union, and the ‘EMWG’ consortium in North America. These groups have been innovative in developing a process and mechanisms for discussion amongst academic, agriculture, industry and regulatory scientists, for consensus adoption of research advances into risk management methodology.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.249-272
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• 1999

The purpose of this was to solve conceptual problems of family restaurant through theoretical approach, to improve problems associated with managing restaurants, and to suggest plans for family restaurant chains. First of all, in order to improve the problems of franchising, the contents of contract were analyzed by showing the examples, and the methods were illustrated to analyze the overall contents. Hereafter, family restaurants will be categorized as either 'Casual Dining' or 'Theme Restaurant', some of the nicknames for family restaurant. However, the fundamental categories will be in accordance with the categories of NRA of the U.S.A. as 'Family Chain Restaurant', 'Grill-Buffet Restaurant' and 'Dinner House'. It is hoped that the future study categorize these three in more details. The problems of restaurant management were considered to be concerned with the owner and the managerial problems. As a way to overcome the problems associated with restaurant chain concept, the importance of manual and food & beverage production, the analysis on different methods of store development, the characteristics of manual, the interested items when filling-out, and the methods were presented. The basic systems of commissary food service were introduced and their effects were presented as well in this study. The stages of store development and the models of expansion were presented for an analysis. The main focus of this study was to grasp the flow of organizational and store expansion by analyzing on-site stores and headquarters office hence find out the reason why the current portion of family restaurant is decreasing and not increasing among dining out industry. Therefore, it has brought a great opportunity to seize the problems of structual systems of family restaurant. A family restaurant is no longer perceived as an ordinary restaurant, yet it represents a whole new cultural environment due to the unique characteristics of family restaurant such as its food culture, protocol, and various shapes and sizes. The researcher of this study extends his wish that the future study reinvestigates differently categorized family restaurant and gives much attention to a systematically independent research subject.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2020

In a social environment where population aging is rapidly progressing, the healthcare service market is growing fast with the increasing interest in health and quality of life based on rising income levels and the evolution of technology. In this study, after keywords were extracted from Korean and US patent data published on KIPRIS from 2000 to October 2019, frequency analysis, time series analysis, and keyword network analysis were performed. Through this, the change of technology trends were identified, which keywords related to healthcare was shifted from traditional medical words to ICT words. In addition, although the keywords in Korean patents are 55% similar to those in the US, they show an absolute gap in patent production volume. In the next study, we will analyze various data such as domestic and international research and can obtain meaningful implications in the global market on the identified keywords.