• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.541-550
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• 2016

This study explored a typology (or time allocation), investigated personal and work characteristic differences among time allocation types, and identified determinants of time allocation types of married working women with a preschool child. The data source for this research was the 2014 Time Use Survey conducted by Statistics Korea. We analyzed 368 time diaries (184 for weekdays and 184 for weekends) using frequency, mean, cluster analysis, chisquare, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's test, and multinomial logistic analysis. The results of this research are as follows. Time allocation of married working women with a preschool child was classified into three different types of 'work-centered,' 'work-family balanced,' and 'family-centered.' The work-centered type accounted for 14.7% of total respondents, and compared with other types, this type of people spent more time working, and less time doing house-work, caring for family, and having leisure. The work-family balanced type represents more than half of the total, and spend more time working on weekdays and house-working, having leisure on weekends. The family-centered type represents 28.8%, and spends most of the time doing house-work and caring for family on both weekdays and weekends. Occupation, employment status, monthly income, and weekly hours of work were different for each type. Occupation, employment status, perception of lack of time, health condition, and weekly hours of work were identified as determinants for each type.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore various types of couples' time use and to investigate the characteristics of each type. The subject of the study consisted of 96 employed wives and their husbands and 215 unemployed wives and their husbands living in Seoul. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis using SAS 8.2 program. The major findings were as follows: The time use of wives and their husbands both on one weekday and one holiday was classified as personal time, paid work time, housework time, and free time. These 4 categories of time were basic elements to classify the types of couples' time use in the cluster analysis. As a result of the cluster analysis, four types of time use of couples were yielded. These were called as 'personal time oriented type', 'paid work time oriented type', 'housework time oriented type' and 'free time oriented type'.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.199-227
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• 2012

Studies of leisure time generally have been concentrated on the amount of time spent by each family member in Korea. In this study, the shared leisure time among family members in various leisure activities was mainly investigated. Purposes of this study were to describe how family members spent the leisure time together and to investigate the determinants that affected whether or not family shared leisure time together. The data source was the '2009 Time Use Survey' conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. The person involved in each activity was surveyed for the first time in the survey. The data from 17,470 diaries(10,359 weekdays and 3,549 Sunday) from 8,745 individuals aged from 20 to 59 who had a spouse were analyzed. The descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. On average, married couples spent leisure time together with spouses 36 minutes a day on weekdays and 1 hour and 38 minutes on Sunday, respectively. Parent did with preschool children 5 minutes a day on weekdays and 15 minutes on Sunday, respectively. The shared leisure time with other family and relatives was 22 minutes a day on weekdays and 1 hour and 13 minutes on Sunday, respectively. Although there was a wide variation on the shared family leisure time by the types of activities, the main shared leisure activity was using mass media, which accounts for about two third of all shared leisure time together with family. Independent variables, including the age, sex, education level, working hours, personal income, presence of preschool children, marital status, sex role attitude, and dual or single income earner were the significant determinants of family's or couple's parent-preschool children's shared leisure time on weekdays or Sunday. Based on the results of this study, family and leisure policy were suggested to increase active family shared leisure time.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of Dream Start participation on the use of after-school programs, considering its emphasis on the utilization of community resources. For this, it compared the use of after-school programs in terms of the number of types and the total amount of time between children who had been participating in Dream Start and those who had not. The main findings are as follows. First, when all other conditions were held constant, children in Dream Start used more types of after-school programs compared to their correspondents. Second, children in Dream Start were more likely to use two types of after-school programs over weekdays or three types of programs for several days a week compared to their correspondents. Third, children in Dream Start spent less amount of time in the after-school programs compared to their correspondents. Even though this study found the effectiveness of Dream Start as a facilitator of community resource utilization, future research needs to examine the effects of after-school program use in terms of its diversity and amount on the development of low-income children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2007

This study aims to provide basic data for planning the supply and demand of urban parks and setting up facilities in urban parks that reflect the use patterns of visitors. The study was conducted by surveying the total number of urban park users and the number of users for different time zones and analyzing their use patterns through on-site surveys at 17 urban parks located in seven cities/counties in Gyeonggi province. The result showed that as for distribution of urban park users by time zone, the number of users was highest in the afternoon. Between 7 and 9 o'clock in the morning in weekdays, many users came to urban parks for their morning exercises. There was hardly no difference between male and female. When the number of users of 17 urban parks was surveyed, a park was used by 734 people per day on weekdays in average. When the total number of users per year was estimated, a resident nearby a park visited the place 4.7 times a year in average. In addition, the analysis showed that the number of users of man-made parks was twice as high as that of natural parks. The number of users did not vary depending on the size of a park. As for use patterns by time zone, no difference was found in activity types between parks larger than 100,000 $m^2$ and those less than 100,000 $m^2$. Usually, in the morning, users came for exercises In the afternoon, users visited the parks for more diverse purposes. In the evening, they tended to visit parks to work out and wrap up a day. Going forward, the outcome of this study should be utilized as important data for analyzing the demand and supply of urban parks. In addition, the number of users by time zone and their use patterns should be fully considered when introducing facilities in parks.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-186
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• 2012

Studies on time-use have generally concentrated on the amount of time used by each member of a household in Korea. The quality of family relationships could be associated with the amount and types of interactions between family members. This study examined the time that adults spend with their family members on various activities. The purpose of this study is to explore a typology of family time and investigate the characteristics of each type. The data source was the 2009 Time-Use Survey conducted by the Korean National Statistics Office. The people involved in each activity were surveyed for the first time in the 2009 survey in Korea. The data from this study included 10,902 diaries that were filled on weekdays by married adults from ages 20 to 59 years. Data from rural households were excluded. Time use was divided into three categories: family meals, household work and family leisure time. These activities were analyzed using t-test, chi-square analysis and cluster analysis. Family time was classified into four types based on three categories. The four types were named "leisure sharing", "household work sharing", "overall sharing" and "non-sharing". The most common type was non-sharing. The characteristics of each type depended on gender and paid work time. Based on these results, family and labor policies should be developed to increase the work-life balance. Policies that focus on men over 40 years are especially recommended.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2023

Recently, serious parking problems are occurring due to the difficulty of securing sufficient parking space, and it may lead to other traffic or social problems. In order to solve the parking problem in areas and districts beyond a certain range, a study on-roads and off-street parking lots reflecting regional characteristics is necessary. Therefore, this study establishing a parking demand calculation model for use as a basic study in establishing on-road and off-road characteristics. In order to conduct the study, Dong-fu, Daegu Metropolitan City was divided into dongs, and parking facilities and parking demand were investigated. The survey time was divided into daytime and nighttime on weekdays, and the types of vehicles were divided into three types: passenger car, small trucks and buses, large trucks and buses. As explanatory variables for calculating parking demand, the total floor area of buildings for each of six purposes was used, including detached houses, apartment houses, neighborhood living facilities, cultural and assembly facilities, business facilities, and sales facilities. As a result of the correlation analysis, among the six explanatory variables, the total area of neighborhood living facilities showed a significant correlation with on- and off-street parking demand. A regression analysis model was constructed using the total area of neighborhood living facilities as an explanatory variable, and statistically significant results were obtained.