• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.20-33
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• 2020

Objective: The differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) in terms of their adverse effects on male reproductive parameters have never been elucidated. This study aimed to distinguish between the effects of the DM types in mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic human T1DM and coadministered a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic human T2DM. Methods: The T1DM mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days. The T2DM mice received an HFD for 14 days prior to STZ injection (85 mg/kg body weight), followed by continuous feeding of an HFD. Male reproductive parameters were evaluated. Results: The reproductive organs of the DM mice weighed significantly less than those of controls, and the seminal vesicles plus prostates of the T1DM mice weighed less than those of the T2DM mice. Increased sperm abnormalities and incomplete DNA packaging were observed in the DM groups. Sperm concentration and the proportion of normal sperm were significantly lower in the T1DM group. The seminiferous histopathology of DM mice was classified into seven types. The penises of the DM mice were smaller than those of the controls; however, tunica albuginea thickness and the amount of penile collagen fibers were increased in these mice. Round germ cells were abundant in the epididymal lumens of the mice with DM. Conclusion: T1DM adversely affected reproductive parameters to a greater extent than T2DM.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2019

Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1108-1118
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• 2019

제2형 당뇨 마우스로 8주간 50%, 75% 강도의 유산소성 및 저항성 운동을 수행하여 항 당뇨 및 지질 개선에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 39주령 C57BL/6 마우스 48마리를 일반식이정상군(Normal, n=8)을 제외하고, Streptozotocin (STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발하여 제2형 당뇨군(DM, n=8), 제2형 당뇨+VO₂max 50% 유산소운동군(DM50A, n=8), 제2형 당뇨+VO₂max 75% 유산소운동군(DM75A, n=8), 제2형 당뇨+1RM 50% 저항운동군(DM50R, n=8), 그리고 제2형 당뇨+1RM 75% 저항운동군(DM75R, n=8)으로 구분하였다. 유산소성 운동은 주 5일, 1일 40분씩 8주간 트레드밀 운동을 실시하였으며, DM50A군은 1~4주는 8m/min, 5~8주는 8~10m/min으로, DM75A군은 1~4주는 12m/min, 5~8주는 12~14m/min으로 점증하여 실시하였다. 저항성 운동은 주5일 8주간 사다리 저항운동을 실시하였으며, DM50R군은 1RM의 50%, DM75R군은 1RM의 75%로 운동 반복 사이 2분간의 휴식을 주어 총 8번의 Climbing을 실시하였다. 8주간의 운동 후 공복 혈당은 DM군에 비해 DM운동군에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 인슐린은 운동에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었으나, HOMA-IR은 DM군에 비해 DM운동군이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. HbA1c는 DM군에 비해 DM50R 및 DM75R군이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-C는 DM운동군 간의 차이가 없었으나, HDL-C는 DM75A군이 가장 높은 수준으로 나타났고, 중성지방은 DM75R군이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 심혈관 위험 지수는 Normal군 및 DM75A군이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 T2DM 마우스에서 중강도의 저항성 운동은 혈당 및 인슐린 저항성 조절에 더 나은 개선을 보여주었으며, 중강도의 유산소성 운동은 HDL-C 수준 증가를 통한 심혈관 위험 지수를 감소하는 데 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the status and factors associated with self-management behavior (SMB) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a border area of southwest China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with T2DM patients in Dali, China. The participants filled in the questionnaires including demographic and disease-related characteristics, psychosocial status, resources of DM knowledge, knowledge of DM care, competency in DM care skills, the Chinese Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (C-DMSES), and the Chinese Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (C-SDSCA). All the data were analyzed with SPSS version 26. Multiple linear regression analysis examined associations between predictors and SMB. Results: A total of 470 valid questionnaires have been collected. The score for overall SMB was 50.71± 11.99; 19.6% of patients were at a good level, 48.3% were moderate, and 32.1% were poor. The significant factors that influenced SMB included self-efficacy (β= 0.37; p< .001), competency in DM care skills (β= 0.22; p< .001) and lacked in the treatment confidence (β= -0.09; p= .023). Conclusion: The level of self-management among T2DM patients in this area was medium-low state. For future studies, our findings suggest that self-efficacy, competency in DM care skills, and treatment confidence should be considered essential factors in improving the self-management behavior of T2DM patients in the border area of southwest China.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact DM duration on cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The subject were 250 (male: 134, female: 118) Korean Type 2 DM patients recruited from a general hospital's DM clinic. Anthropometric and hematological variables and dietary intake were assessed. The subject's mean age was 60.2 years and duration of diabetes was 9.5 years. As far as DM duration was concerned, male subjects with long duration (${\geq}$ 5 years and longer) showed significantly lower weight, fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, BMI (p < 0.05) and higher 2hrs-postprandial plasma glucose (p < 0.05) and concentration of Hemoglobin A1c (p < 0.01) compared to those with less 5years of duration. In female subjects, same trend was found. Female subjects with long duration (${\geq}$ 5 years and longer) showed significantly higher fat free mass (p < 0.05) and skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.05), Hemoglobin A1c (p < 0.01), HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triglyceride (p < 0.05), dietary intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and fat (p < 0.05) compared to those with less 5years of duration. In conclusion, Type II DM patients of long duration had higher blood lipid concentrations and higher carbohydrates intakes. Subjects followed diet prescription strictly showed lower blood lipid concentration, suggesting the effectiveness of diet to manage Type 2 DM patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2023

본 연구는 한국인을 대상으로 제2형 당뇨병 환자와 질병이 없는 정상대조군을 비교하여 성별에 따른 체액 불균형 정도와 영양소 섭취량을 평가하고자 하였다. 조사대상자는 총 57명으로, T2DM이 있는 T2DM군 (n = 36)과 T2DM이 없는 정상대조군 (n = 21)으로 나누어 분석하고, 성별에 따른 체액량의 차이를 고려하여 남성 T2DM군 (n = 24), 남성 정상대조군 (n = 9), 여성 T2DM군 (n = 12), 여성 정상대조군 (n = 12)으로 세분화하여 지표들의 특징을 분석하였다. BIA를 통하여 연구대상자의 체액 조성을 분석한 결과, ECW/ICW는 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 유의적으로 높았고, 부종지수를 나타내는 ECW/TBW는 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 성별에 따른 체액 조성을 분석한 결과, 남성과 여성 모두 T2DM군은 정상대조군보다 높은 ECW/ICW, ECW/TBW를 보이며 동일한 체수분율 양상이 나타났다. 식사일기를 통해 연구대상자의 영양소 섭취량을 분석한 결과, 1,000 kcal 당 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 나트륨, 칼륨 섭취량은 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 많았고, 1,000 kcal 당 지방, 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 적었다. 본 연구를 통해 T2DM 환자에게서 체액 불균형이 나타날 가능성이 높음을 알 수 있었으며 추후 당뇨 합병증의 평가, 진단의 기초 자료로 널리 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.262-274
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• 2007

Objective : It has been reported that two-repeats ($IL1RN^{\ast}2$) of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene is associated with ischemic stroke, and that Ala allele of the common Pro12Ala polymorphism in $PPAR-{\gamma}2$ isoform is associated with reduced risk for type 2 DM and its complications. The aim of the present study is to assess the association of IL-1Ra and $PPAR-{\gamma}2$ Pro12Ala polymorphism with the presence of ischemic stroke in the case of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods : Genomic DNA was obtained from 373 healthy subjects, 157 DM subjects without ischemic stroke (known DM duration ${\ge}10$ years) and 302 ischemic stroke patients (including with DM). IL-1Ra polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and $PPAR-{\gamma}2$ polymorphism by restriction fragment length polymorphism after PCR. Results : $IL1RN^{\ast}1/IL1RN^{\ast}2$ genotype was associated with significantly increased risk for DM (OR=2.86, P = 0.0008) and ischemic stroke (OR=2.74, P = 0.0016). Pro/Ala genotype was associated with the reduced risk for DM (OR=0.53, P = 0.0491) and ischemic stroke (OR=0.38, P = 0.0039). They were also associated with the reduced risk for ischemic stroke in the DM patients compared with DM without ischemic stroke (OR=0.25, P = 0.0321). Conclusions : $IL1RN^{\ast}2$ allele could be an accelerating factor, not a predictive marker for ischemic stroke in type 2 DM. The Pro/Ala genotype of $PPAR-{\gamma}2$ Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke with type 2 DM. Therefore it could be a useful predictive marker for ischemic stroke in Korean type 2 DM.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2024

The national diabetes and prediabetes prevalence rate has risen among Korean adolescents and adults. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly interrelated with genetic, metabolic, and environmental risk factors in clinical practice. In this study, we analyzed the association between genetic polymorphisms of the ABO gene with T2DM in the Korean population, we conducted an analysis of gene-phenotype correlation, based on an additive genetic model. A total of 8,840 subjects from the Korea Association REsource (KARE) were selected for this study. Using the genetic and epidemiologic data of 754 T2DM cases and 5721 normal controls from the KARE, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABO gene were analyzed for their genetic correlation. As a result, 8 SNPs out of the ABO gene demonstrated statistically significant association with T2DM. Among them, rs657152 in the ABO gene statistically showed the most significant correlation with T2DM (P-value=0.0084, OR=1.15, CI=1.04~1.28). The minor allele of A polymorphism within the intron genetic region of ABO directed increased risk of T2DM. This work reveals a significant association between genetic polymorphism in the ABO gene and T2DM. This finding suggested that ABO SNPs markers might be a genetic correlation to the etiology of T2DM.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is an emerging global pandemic which is associated with lots of co-morbidities and reported vascular dysfunctions. T2DM associated vascular dysfunctions leads to vasculopathy in the form of altered peripheral vascular dynamics. Cold stress test (CST) is a reliable sympathetic reactivity test used for assessing vascular dysfunctions. In this study we are trying to quantify vascular dysfunctions in T2DM patients non invasively by various parameters of photoplethysmography (PPG) of cold stress test. Methods: Case control study had done in referral health center AIIMS, Raipur. Parameters are recorded by finger-PPG before, during and after CST (1 min) in 2 groups, control (n = 20 healthy volunteers) and case (n = 20 diagnosed T2DM patients). Results: Due to cold stress, PPG parameter peak amplitude was significantly decreased in both healthy and T2DM groups (p <0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). However, recovery trend of amplitude was significantly slow in T2DM compared to healthy subjects. Another PPG parameter peak to peak interval was significantly higher in healthy group compared to T2DM patients. Conclusions: This study showed that T2DM patients has significant deranged pulse volume parameters like amplitude and peak to peak interval can be used to objectively quantify the vasculopathy in T2DM patients by using sympathetic reactivity to cold stress.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

제2형 당뇨병(T2DM)과 그 유병률은 전세계적으로 증가하고 있다. T2DM은 인슐린 저항성이 높아지고 인슐린 분비가 감소해 발생하는 당뇨병의 가장 흔한 유형 중 하나다. 과산화물 증식활성수용체 감마 공활성제 1 알파(PPARGC1A)는 미토콘드리아 생물 발생의 마스터 조절기와 간에서 포도당신합성에 관여한다. 본 연구에서는 T2DM이 있는 한국인 중년층의 PPARGC1A 유전자의 유전적 다형성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, PPARGC1A 유전자 중 15개의 SNP가 T2DM과 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였으며, 그 중 PPARGC1A 유전자의 rs10212638은 T2DM (P=0.015, OR=1.29, CI=1.05~1.59)과 통계적으로 가장 큰 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. PPARGC1A의 마이너 유전자형(minor allele) G는 T2DM의 위험을 증가시켰다. 본 연구는 T2DM와 PPARGC1A의 유전적 다형성 사이에 유의한 연관성을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 결과는PPARGC1A의 SNP가 T2DM의 병의 원인이 되는 유전적 연관성이 있음을 시사한다.