• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 사회구조적으로 변화하는 인구구조에 따라 외식기업이 개발 및 출시하는 밀 키트(Meal Kit) 상품이 주요 수요층인 1인 가구에 대해 주관적 의견이나 인식 구조를 분석하여 유형별로 추출이 가능한 Q방법론을 적용하여 그 함의를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주관적 인식 유형 분석 결과 총 4가지의 유형이 도출되었으며, 유형은 다음과 같이 각각 그 특이성에 따라 명명하였다. 제 1유형(N=6) : 외형평가 구매 유형(Appearance Assessment Purchase Type), 제 2유형(N=6) : 가격비교 구매 유형(Price Comparison Purchase Type), 제 3유형(N=10) : 브랜드 신뢰 구매 유형(Brand Trust Purchase Type), 제 4유형(N=2) : 간편조리 구매 유형(Easy Cooking Purchase Type) 으로 각 각 독특한 특징의 유형으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 밀키트 제품이 주요 수요층인 1인 가구에 대해 주관적 의견이나 인식 구조를 분석하여 유형별 분석을 통해 추후 외식업체의 1인가구를 위한 외식상품개발 및 출시에 대한 방향성과 그 개선책에 대해 제안하며, 분석결과를 바탕으로 학문적 시사점을 제공하는데 목적을 두고자 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare tillage and loads characteristics of three types of rotavators in farmland working condition of Korea. Methods: Tillage operations using three types of rotavators, i.e. rotary-type, crank-type and plow-type, were carried out in a dry field of Korea. The same prime mover tractor was used for driving three types of rotavators, and under several operational conditions, tillage characteristics such as actual working speed, rotavating depth, rotavating width, actual field capacity, flow of tilled soil, soil inversion ratio, and pulverizing ratio were measured. In addition, loads characteristics like torque and required power of Power Take-Off (PTO) shaft were calculated. Results: The average rotavating depth was smaller than the nominal value for all rotavators, and the difference was the greatest in the plow-type rotavator. Nevertheless, the plow-type rotavator showed the largest rotavating depth. The rotavating width was the same as the nominal value of all rotavators. The flow of tilled soil at the same operational conditions was the greatest in the plow-type rotavator and was the smallest in the rotary-type rotavator. In the most commonly used gear conditions of L2 and L3, the average soil pulverizing ratio was the greatest in the rotary-type rotavator, and followed by crank-type and plow-type rotavators in order. In the gear L2 and L3, the plow-type rotavator also had the lowest average soil inversion ratio while the rotary-type and crank-type rotavators had the same soil inversion ratio each other. The average torque and power of PTO shaft in the gear L2 and L3 were the highest in the plow-type rotavator. The load spectra of PTO shaft applying rain flow counting method and Smith-Waston-Topper equation to the measured torque showed that the modified torque amplitude was the greatest in the crank-type rotavator. This may come from the large torque fluctuation of crank-type rotavator during tillage operations. Conclusions: The three types of rotavators had different tillage and loads characteristics. The plow-type rotavator had the deepest rotavating depth, the smallest soil inversion ratio, the largest soil pulverizing ratio and required PTO power. Also, the crank-type rotavator showed a large torque fluctuation because of their unique operational mechanism. This study will help the farmers choose a suitable type of rotavator for effective tillage operations.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between behavior patterns(DISC) and direct indirect of social support from dental hygienists. The data used in this study were obtained from 171 dental hygienists who have been working on dental hospital or clinic in Pusan and Gyeongsangnam-do from 1st July to 30th August in 2011. In the level of direct indirect of social support according to subjects' general characteristics, higher educational level and non-religion was related with higher in direct of social support(p<0.05), and hygienists who worked in general hospital was related with higher indirect of social support(p<0.01). According to between behavior patterns(DISC) and indirect social support, these score were that I-type 3.55, D-type 3.53, C-type 3.41, and S-type 3.36. All behavior patterns(DISC) were similar with the indirect support. In direct support these score were that S-type 2.98 I-type 2.95, D-type and C-type 2.91. In frequency of behavior patterns(DISC), these were that I-type 56.7%, S-type 16.4%, C-type 14%, and D-type 12.9%. In correlation between factors, direction social support was correlated with I-type(p<.01) and C-type(p<.01) of behavior patterns(DISC). On based on these results, if the change of working environment, working condition will improve social support of dental hygienists. And education program have to developed for dental hygienists.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of breast shapes by age, to classify breast types, and to investigate the characteristics of breast shapes by type and the distributions of types by age group, using comparative analysis for women in 20's and 40's. The subjects of anthropometry were 323 women in 20's and 40's. The anthropometric measurements were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, frequency, T-test, F-test, Duncan test, factor and cluster analysis. The results are as follws : 1) According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and the items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast points were dropped. So the volume and bottom area of 40's women's breast were larger than 20's women's and the breast point to breast point width of 40's women was being wider by the increase of the intereior of breast. 2) 6 factor were extracted from factor analysis by age group. There was no significant difference in consist of factor between age group. There was no significant difference in consist of facotr between age group, but were differences in the connection of factor extracted items and factor loading. Through factor analysis of all age froup, 5 factors were extracted as important factor of breast shapes (obesity of breast and location of breast point ; breast height and volume ; upper dimensions of breast/lower dimensions of breast ; interior dimensions of breast/exterior dimensions of breast ; volume of the lower part and drop of breast). 3) The breast shapes were classified into 4 types by cluster analysis. The frequency of 20's women's breast types appeared in order of type1(53.0%), type3(32.0%), type2(11.0%), type4(4.0%), but that of breast types of 40's women appeared in order of type2(37.9%), type3(31.1%), type4(26.5%), type1(4.5%). Namely, there was few type4 in 20's women and few type1 in 40's women. 20's women's breast types were characterized as type1·3 and type2·3·4 in 40's women. So 40's women had more various breast types than 20's women's.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2006

Two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) types, type 1 and type 2, maintain the same allelic specificity at four genomic loci encoding the EBNA2, -3A, -3B, and -3C proteins. We have previously described 16 EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from Korean cancer patients, and the EBNA2 types of the EBV isolates therein. In this study, the allelic types of the EBNA2, -3A, -3B, and -3C genes of these EBV isolates were determined. We report the identification of two distinct types of naturally occurring intertypic recombinants, one with genotype EBNA2 type1/EBN3A, -3B, -3C type 2 and the other with genotype EBNA2, -3A type 1/EBNA3B, -3C type 2. The existence of these intertypic recombinants indicates that various intertypic EBV strains may be circulating in the human population, in addition to typical EBV-1 and EBV-2 strains.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권11호
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• pp.2157-2164
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a new category of fuzzy inference system based on Type-2 fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (T2FCM-based FIS). The premise part of the rules of the proposed model is realized with the aid of the scatter partition of input space generated by Type-2 FCM clustering algorithm. The number of the partition of input space is composed of the number of clusters and the individual partitioned spaces describe the fuzzy rules. Due to these characteristics, we can alleviate the problem of the curse of dimensionality. The consequence part of the rule is represented by polynomial functions with interval sets. To determine the structure and estimate the values of the parameters of Type-2 FCM-based FIS we consider the successive tuning method with generation-based evolution by means of real-coded genetic algorithms. The proposed model is evaluated with the use of numerical experimentation.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

홍도고들빼기는 이전 연구에서 형태적 특성과 지리적 분포를 바탕으로 이고들빼기와 갯고들빼기의 잡종인 Crepidiastrum ×muratagenii로 제안된 바 있지만, 이에 대한 분자적 증거를 제시하지 못하였다. 본 연구는 홍도고들빼기의 잡종 기원을 밝히기 위하여 홍도고들빼기와 그 근연종의 추가적인 형태적 형질을 관찰하였으며, 핵리보솜 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 구간과 엽록체 구간(trnT-L, trnL-F, rpl16 intron, rps16 intron)의 염기서열을 비교·분석하였다. 형태적 특성을 검토한 결과, 잡종형은 생육형, 줄기잎, 외총포편, 수과의 특성을 바탕으로 세 가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 분자 분석 결과, Type 1형과 Type 2형은 ITS 구간의 종식 별부위에서 혼성화가 관찰되었으며, 엽록체 구간에서는 Type 1형은 이고들빼기, Type 2형은 갯고들빼기 서열이 각각 관찰되었다. Type 3형은 ITS와 엽록체 구간 모두 이고들빼기와 동일한 서열을 보였다. Type 1형과 Type 2형은 이고들빼기와 갯고들빼기의 형태가 혼합되어 나타날 뿐 아니라, 분자 분석에서도 절영풀이 아닌, 갯고들빼기와 이고들빼기의 종식별부위에서 혼성화가 관찰되어 이고들빼기와 갯고들빼기의 잡종임을 지지하였다. 그러나 Type 3형은 형태적 형질이 다른 잡종형과 유사하나 외총포편이 이고들빼기와 유사한 점에서 구분되며, 분자 분석에서도 이고들빼기 서열과 동일하여, 이고들빼기의 생태변이로 판단되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2010

CTD를 이용하여 용존산소의 농도에 대한 연속적인 관측이 이루어지면서 용존산소 농도 분포의 fine structure에 대한 연구가 가능해졌다. 뿐만 아니라 altimeter로부터 해저 퇴적물 표면에 최대한 가까이 까지 관측이 가능해짐에 따라 해저 경계면에서의 용존산소 농도 분포에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있게 되었다. 지금까지 동해 울릉분지의 용존 산소 농도의 수직 분포는 동해 북부의 일본 분지와는 수심 300 m 이하에서는 수심에 따라 지속적으로 감소하는 형태를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 2005년부터 2006년까지 6회에 걸쳐 수심이 1000 m보다 깊은 지역에서 해저퇴적물 상부 100 m 이내의 수심까지 용존산소를 관측한 결과, 울릉분지 내의 용존 산소 농도의 수직분포형태는 3가지로 분류된다. 첫 번째는 지금까지 알려진 바와 같이 수심에 따라 지속적으로 감소하는 형태(Type-1), 두 번째는 Type-1과 같은 형태를 보이다가 해저 경계면 근처에서 급격히 산소의 농도가 줄어드는 형태(Type-2), 세 번째는 해저 경계면 상층에 용존산소 농도의 최소층이 존재하는 형태(Type-3)이다. 울릉분지 수심 1000 m 이상되는 지역에서는 분지 전반에 걸쳐 Type-2 형태로 분포하고 Ulleung Interplane Gap을 포함하여 일본 분지와 가까운 지역에서는 Type-1, 독도 인근 해역에서는 Type-3 형태의 분포를 보인다. 표층 퇴적물에서 유기물 분해를 전제로 해저 경계면의 용존 산소 분포를 이용하여 계산된 표층 퇴적물의 산소 소모율은 $0.2{\sim}5.8\;mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$로 실제 퇴적물 배양을 통해 얻은 산소 소모율 약 $1{\sim}9\;mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$(정 등 2009; 이 등 2010b)와 일치하는 것으로 미루어 볼 때, 울릉분지의 전반에 걸쳐 Type-2와 같은 형태의 분포를 보이는 것은 울릉분지의 표층 퇴적물에서 높은 농도를 보이는 유기물의 분해가 일차적으로 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2013

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the serious soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pests in major soybean producing countries. The objective of this study was to investigate of Heterodera glycines type using the five SCN infested soybean field soils and was to evaluate resistance to the soybean cyst nematode HG 2.5.7 type on soybean varieties and germplasms. The five SCN contaminated soil samples were collected from the three provinces on November 2011 in Korea, and eggs were cultured on early spring season in 2012. For the second study, a total fifty nine soybean varieties and germplasms were tested by infestation of HG type 2.5.7 in the greenhouse. Soybean cyst nematode HG types were investigated from five locations, HG 2 (race 1) type at Donghae, HG 2.5 (race 1) type at Jeongseon and Hapcheon, HG type 2.5.7 (race 1 or 5) at Yeongwol, and HG 1.2.7 (race 5) type at Haenam locations in present study. No Korean soybean varieties and germplasms were observed with SCN resistant trait to the HG type 2.5.7. Average SCN female index were calculated with 82.7% in 59 plant materials. Our results could be provided useful information to develop a SCN resistant cultivar in Korea.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.635-645
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• 1993

This study was perfomed to investigate the prosthodontic and periodontal status of the abutment teeth in distally extending bridges(DEBs) (78 cases) and removable partial dentures(RPDs) (43 cases) for 122 patients (55 males and 57 females) visiting department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Hospital. The average wearing periods were 67.8 months for DEBs and 66.4 months for RPDs. 38.4% of the patients in DEBs and 35.9% in RPDs complainted of chewing discomfort and 22.6% and 24.4% were not chewing on the prosthodontically - treated sides, respectively. In DEBs, when the restoration for 2nd molar supported by 1st molar & 2nd premolar was grouped to type 1, 1st molar supported by 1st & 2nd premolars was type 2, and 1st & 2nd molars supported by 1st & 2nd premolars was type 3, there was a significant differences only in the tooth mobility score among clinical parameters (type 2>type 1>type 3). In RPDs, when bilateral free-end case was grouped to type 1, and unilateral case was type 2, there was a significant difference in the Gingival index (type 1>type 2). In DEBs, 62.8% of restoration were overcontoured, 72% had interproximal space closures, 30.5% overextended pontics and 86.6% overhanging margins. In RPDs, 24.4% of the restorations were overcontoured, 45.5% had interproxinal space closures and 58.3% overhanging margins. From these results of this study, periodontal problems caused by prosthodontic defects were considered to be contributing factors in chewing discomfort.