• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

Although many studies on modelling of port competitive situation have been conducted, both theoretical frame and methodology are still very weak. In this study, therefore, a new algorithm called ESD (Extensional System Dynamics) for the evaluation of port competition was presented, and applied to simulate port systems in northeast asia. The detailed objectives of this paper are to develop Unit fort Model by using SD(System Dynamics) method; to develop Competitive Port Model by ESD method; to perform sensitivity analysis by altering parameters, and to propose port development strategies. For these the algorithm for the evaluation of part's competition was developed in two steps. Firstly, SD method was adopted to develop the Unit Port models, and secondly HFP(Hierarchical Fuzzy Process) method was introduced to expand previous SD method. The proposed models were then developed and applied to the five ports - Pusan, Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung - with real data on each ports, and several findings were derived. Firstly, the extraction of factors for Unit Port was accomplished by consultation of experts such as research worker, professor, research fellows related to harbor, and expert group, and finally, five factor groups - location, facility, service, cargo volumes, and port charge - were obtained. Secondly, system's structure consisting of feedback loop was found easily by location of representative and detailed factors on keyword network of STGB map. Using these keyword network, feedback loop was found. Thirdly, for the target year of 2003, the simulation for Pusan port revealed that liner's number would be increased from 829 ships to 1,450 ships and container cargo volumes increased from 4.56 million TEU to 7.74 million TEU. It also revealed that because of increased liners and container cargo volumes, length of berth should be expanded from 2,162m to 4,729m. This berth expansion was resulted in the decrease of congested ship's number from 97 to 11. It was also found that port's charge had a fluctuation. Results of simulation for Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung in northeast asia were also acquired. Finally, the inter port competition models developed by ESB method were used to simulate container cargo volumes for Pusan port. The results revealed that under competitive situation container cargo volume was smaller than non-competitive situation, which means Pusan port is lack of competitive power to other ports. Developed models in this study were then applied to estimate change of container cargo volumes in competitive relation by altering several parameters. And, the results were found to be very helpful for port mangers who are in charge of planning of port development.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2019

국립해양조사원은 '15년부터 '18년 까지 제1단계 개발도상국 공적개발원조(Official Development Assistance: ODA) 기반의 '필리핀 해양수산 인프라시설 구축 및 기술연수' 연구 사업을 수행하였다. 그리고 '20년부터 제2단계 필리핀 공적개발원조 연구 사업을 준비하고 있다. 또한 최근 필리핀은 기후변화로 인한 해수면 상승 및 연안 침식 등의 문제로 인하여 해양영토 관리와 대응역량 강화에 관심을 기울이고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 제2단계 필리핀 공적개발원조 연구 사업을 추진함에 앞서, 우리나라 해양수직기준면 모델에 대하여 분석하고 지난 4년간의 필리핀 공적개발원조(ODA) 연구 사업을 기반으로 구축된 인프라와 해양자료를 기반으로 필리핀의 해양수직기준면 체계 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 필리핀의 Sulu Sea 해역을 연구 구역으로 선정하여 총 22개의 조위관측소 정점에 대하여 조석 조화분해를 실시하고 개정수 분석 및 필리핀 조석격자망(모델) 구축을 위한 시범제작 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 조석특성이 유사한 해역을 기준으로 두 정점간의 개정수를 적용하여 예측과 실측조위를 비교하였을 때 유사한 조위데이터를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 제2단계 공적개발원조 연구 사업의 기초자료로 활용되어 한-필리핀 국가 간의 우호증진 및 긴밀한 협력체계 구축 및 유지에 사용될 것이다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2000

This study is designed to investigate what elders think about the meaning of aging. We have used Q-methods to identify meaning of aging from elders, and developed self-referenced surveys to analyze characteristics In this study, we used a non-structured method to select Q sampling. From 183 Q populations, we selected 36 Q sampling. A total of 32 persons sixty-years or older were randomly selected for P samples, When the Q-sorting was complete, we interviewed the participants at both end of the extremes(agree or disagree), and documented their responses. We used PC QUANL to process the data and used principal component analysis for Q factor analysis. There were five subjective types for the meaning of aging by elders. Of the 32 P-samples of elders, 11 were identified as Type 1, 7 as Type 2, 2 as Type 3, 8 as Type 4, and 4 as Type 5. Type 1 : 'Matured elders' Elders wished the well being of their children, thought older persons should maintain good health, worried about becoming senile, and dependent God believing in life after death. Type 2 : 'Assertive-Rights' Elders categorized as Assertive-Rights insisted on their rights to life as a person. Type 2 elders characterized themselves as people who should keep themselves healthy, become weak and lack sexual desires, act selfish like a child, need to be protected, and be financially independent. Type 3 : 'Passive-Dependents' Elders characterize themselves as those who pray for their children's well being, worry about the children even after their death. and becoming senile. Type 4 : 'Hopeless' The 'Hopeless' type of elders characterized aging as a time to pray for their children, insignificant beings, thoughts were selfish and child-like, poor, worried about going senile, regret their life overall, and preferred to die than to live as an old person. Type 5 : 'Attached-Present' The 'Attached-Present' type of elders thought elderly characterized themselves as acting selfish and child-like, wiser, anxious, regret their life, stand aloof of greed and worldly things, being a model for the society, and deserving to be treated with filial respect. Thus far, Korean elders seemed to have a positive and negative meaning of aging due to the current changes in the society, value system, and family structures. The above five subjective meanings of aging confirm that we need to approach and nurse the elderly differently. Years of aging are a part of and a natural process of life with various physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Nurses need to assist elderly to find the positive meaning of their life by providing appropriate physical, psychological, and social support at an earlier stage in nursing. Based on this study, we could derive the following two implication from the perspectives of science of nursing to care for elders. 1) Based on the studies investigating the type of meaning of aging, we could develop tools to assist in nursing intervention programs for elderly. 2) Based on research on the meaning of aging for different developmental stages of life, we could develop a model for roles for different family members in nursing and caring for the elders.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2000

자료가 불충분한 북한지방의 강수기후정보를 얻기 위해 상대적으로 자료가 풍부한 남한의 지형강수 관계를 도출하여 이를 북한지방에 적용하는 방법을 모색하였다. 남한 전역을 대략적인 경사방향에 따라 8개지대로 구분하고 10년간(1986년-1995년) 강수자료를 수집 할 수 있는 277개 관측소를 지대에 따라 8개 그룹으로 나누었다. 관측소가 위치한 지점의 지형특성을 정량화 하여 월별 강수량의 공간변이를 가장 잘 설명하는 지형변수로 구성된 회귀모형을 각 그룹별로 작성하였다. 이 때 회귀식의 y축 절편값 대신 24개 기상청 표준관측소의 월별 강수량값을 사용하였다. 1 km 해상도의 수치고도모형을 토대로 북한 전역을 역시 경사방향에 따라 8개지대로 구분하고, 27개 북한 표준관측소 월별 강수량자료로부터 등우량선도를 작성하였다. 이를 근거로 모든 격자점의 기준강수량을 파악하였다. 각 지대별로 남한자료로부터 작성된 회귀모형을 적용하여 월별 및 연간 강수량을 계산하고 이들을 통합하여 북한전역의 강수량 분포를 1 km$\times$1km 해상도로 표출하였다. 이 계산에 따르면 북한지방의 연간 총 강수량은 지역평균이 938mm이며 표준편차는 246mm 인 것으로 추정된다.

• 대기
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Numerical prediction capability has been improved over the decades, but progress of prediction for high-impact weather (HIW) was unsatisfactory. One reason of low predictability for HIW is lack of observation data. The National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) has been performed observation program for improvement of predictability, and reduction in social and economical cost for HIW. As part of this observation program, summer intensive observation program (ProbeX-2009) was performed at the observation-gap areas from 25 August to 6 September 2009. Sounding observations using radiosonde were conducted in the Gisang2000 research vessel (R/V) from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) over the West Sea and the Eardo R/V from the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) over the South Sea. Observation System Experiment (OSE) is carried out to examine the effect of ProbeX-2009 data. OSEs using Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are conducted to investigate the predictability for a short time forecast. And, OSEs using WRF/3DVAR system and WRF forecast model are conducted to study the predictability for an extended time. Control experiment (K_CTL and CNTL) used only GTS observation and experiment (K_EXP and SWEXP) used ProbeX-2009 data from two system are performed. ETS for 3hr accumulated rainfall simulated by KLAPS-WRF shows that K_EXP is higher than K_CTL. Also, ETS for 12hr accumulated rainfall of SWEXP from 3DVAR-WRF is higher than CNTL. The results indicate that observation over the ocean has positive impact on HIW prediction.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

영상검색은 컴퓨터 비전과 데이터 마이닝 분야의 주요한 주제 중 하나이다. 현재 상용화된 영상 검색 시스템이 놀라운 성능을 보여주고 있음에도 불구하고, 폭발적으로 증가하는 웹상의 영상정보를 효율적으로 검색하기 위하여, 영상 검색 기술의 성능향상이 꾸준히 요구되고 있다. 재순위화는, 이런 요구를 만족시키기 위한 방법 중 하나로서, 영상 검색 시스템이 도출한 초기 결과를, 독자적인 알고리즘을 통해 연관도를 한 번 더 계산하고, 그에 따라 검색 결과의 성능을 향상시키는 방법이다. 지금까지 제안된 많은 재순위화 알고리즘이, 영상 검색 시스템이 영상의 시각적 정보를 사용하지 않는다는 가정하에 개발되어 왔지만, 현재 Google 과 Baidu 등 많은 상업적 영상 검색 시스템이 영상의 시각적 패턴에 대한 정보를 사용하기 시작함에 따라 이러한 가정이 어긋나고 있다. 또한, 영상 검색 시스템들이 독자적인 환경에서 개발되었기 때문에, 다수의 영상 검색 시스템의 협력으로 성능을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라 예측되는 상황에도 불구하고, 이에 대한 연구가 부족했다. 본 논문에서는 이 두 가지 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 두 영상 검색 시스템이 사용하는 시각적 특징을 바탕으로, 두 시스템의 상보적인 정보를 이용하는 방법에 대하여 제안한다. 성능에 대한 평가는 가상 모형에서 이루어졌으며, 제안된 방법을 통하여 성능향상이 가능하다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to analyze stress distribution of all ceramic posterior fixed partial denture using a three dimensional finite element method. Material and method. A three dimensional finite element model was created to demonstrate all-ceramic posterior fixed partial denture and then this computer model measured the stress distribution of the all ceramic bridges which has a ceramic core materials such as Zirconia, IPS Empress. 2. In-Ceram zirconia, Metal-Ceramic. Also the stress distribution was examined according to loading sites when force was applied to sites such as the central area of second premolar the mesial connector of pontic, the central fossa of pontic, the distal connector of pontic, and the central fossa of second molar. Results. 1. In all the materials of the core in this study, von Mises stress indicated that the stress increased as force was applied to loaded sites, just at those points, on the connector, and the margin in the area adjacent to the connectors. 2. The maximum principal stress was much higher in the lower part of the connectors than in any other region. 3. As the load was applied to the different locations, the research showed a consistent increase of stress in the lower connectors. The maximum value of the von Mises stress was two or three times greater when the load was applied directly to the connectors rather than indirectly through another stressed region. 4. In the case of In-Ceram zirconia, the stress in lower connectors was the highest of all the reference points, the stress showed 75% of all the maximum stress. Ziconia showed 72%, Metal Ceramic 67% and IPS Empress 2 50%. 5. In the case of Ziconia, the stress was well dispersed in each reference point that the stress differences were smaller when compared to In-Cream ziconia.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권2호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2004

기업이 시장 환경 변화에 빠르게 대응하기 위해서는 기업 업무 프로세스의 자동화가 필요하고 이러한 자동화를 위해서는 기업 응용 체계를 통합해야 한다. 기업 응용 체계를 통합하는 방법으로는 동기적 통합(Synchronous Integration) 방식과 비동기적 통합(Asynchronous Integration) 방식이 있으며 비동기적 통합 방식으로써 EAT(Enterprise Application Integration)와 Web Service는 기업 업무 프로세스를 통합할 수 있는 방법으로써 최근 대두되고 있는 방식 중에 하나이다. 비동기적 통합(Asynchronous Integration)방식을 이용하여 기업의 응용 프로그램들을 통합한 후에는 업무 프로세스의 처리 과정인 비즈니스 트랜잭션을 자동으로 처리하기 위한 트랜잭션 관리가 필요하게 된다. 이를 위해서2PC 프로토콜(2-Phase Commit Protocol)을 근간으로 한 비즈니스 트랜잭션 처리 모델들이 제안되고 있으나 기업 자원을 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 데는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기업의 응용 프로그램들을 통합할 수 있는 환경으로써 EAI와 Web Service와 같은 유연한 결합(Loosely Coupled)의 분산 환경에서 기업 자원을 효율적으로 관리하면서 트랜잭션을 처리하기 위한 모델을 제안한다 이 방식은 2PC 프로토콜 방식을 보완하기 위하여 Classify Phase를 추가한 3PC 프로토콜(3-Phase Commit Protocol)방식으로서 유연한 결합 환경에서 트랜잭션을 효율적으로 관리하고 트랜잭션 처리 자원을 절약할 수 있도록 한 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 분산 트랜잭션 처리방식인 2PC 프로토콜 기반의 트랜잭션 처리 모델의 문제점을 제시하고 이를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제시함으로써 제안한 모델의 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2020

This study discusses data collection, calculation of wind and wave-induced resistance, and speed-power analysis of an 8,600 TEU container ship. Data acquisition system of the ship operator was improved to obtain the data necessary for the analysis, which was accomplished using SPA (Ship Performance Analysis, Park et al., 2019) in conformation with ISO15016:2015. From a previous operation profile of the container, the standard operating conditions of mean draft were 12.5 m and 13.6 m, which were defined with the mean stowage configuration of each condition. Model tests, including the load-variation test, were conducted to validate new ship performance and for the speed-power analysis. The major part of the added resistance of container ship is due to the wind. To check the reliability of wind-resistance calculation results, the resistance coefficients, added resistance, and speed-power analysis results using the Fujiwara regression formula (ISO15016:2015) and Computational fluid dynamics (Ryu et al., 2016; Jeon et al., 2017) analysis were compared. Wind speed and direction measured using an anemometer were used for wind-resistance calculation and the wave resistance was calculated using the wave-height and direction-data from weather information. Also, measured water temperature was used to calculate the increase in resistance owing to the deviation in water density. As a result, the SPA analysis using measured data and weather information was proved to be valid and able to identify the ship's resistance propulsion performance. Even with little difference in the air-resistance coefficient value, both methods provide sufficient accuracy for speed-power analysis. The differences were unnoticeable when the speed-power analysis results using each method were compared. Also, speed-power analysis results of the 8,600 TEU container ship in two draft conditions show acceptable trends when compared with the model test results and are also able to show power increase owing to hull fouling and aging. Thus, results of speed-power analysis of the existing 8,600 TEU container ship using the SPA program appropriately exhibit the characteristics of speed-power performance in deal conditions.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2018

APD (Antenna Pointing Driver)는 차세대 중형위성에 탑재되는 위성 데이터 전송용 2축 짐벌식 X-밴드 안테나를 구동하기 위한 전장품이다. 전장품에 탑재된 EEE (Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical) 소자의 열소산은 소자의 효율과 수명, 신뢰도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치게 되며, 종국에는 소자 자체의 파손으로 위성 전체 시스템의 실패를 초래할 수 있다. 임무기간동안 전장품의 신뢰성을 보장하기 위해 EEE 소자의 접합온도는 중요한 설계요소가 되며, 허용범위 내에서 확보되어야 한다. 따라서 사전에 소자의 감쇄비를 고려한 열해석이 반드시 수행되어야하며, 이를 위해 적절한 열해석모델을 구축하여야한다. 본 논문에서는 APD의 온도 요구조건 만족여부를 확인하기 위해 열설계 및 열해석을 수행하였으며, 이와 더불어 각 모델링 기법에 따른 열해석모델의 유효성을 비교, 분석하였다.