• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권49호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1999

Nonrecurring congestions are generally caused by random or less predictable events, such as accidents, spilled loads stalled or broken-down vehicles that, temporarily reduce the capacity of the freeway. The purpose of this paper is to present the effect of incidents on the traffic congestion on the urban freeway by simulation method. The simulation scenario is composed of two level traffic conditions, two level incident severities, and eight level incident durations. After incident, the recovering duration to the normal traffic flow, increased by linear of incident duration. Total vehicles travel time increased and average travel speed decreased by squares curve of incident duration. Considering incident impacts, incident management system is evaluated the major function of the urban freeway traffic management system. Also, necessary the related research to detect, verify, and develop effective response strategies for traffic incidents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

To improve audit quality, certain Chinese auditing firms have added a third-level review by an additional signing auditor to the general evaluation by a signing auditor team consisting of an engagement auditor and a partner. Nonetheless, our research-based on 36,033 firm-year observations from 2004 to 2019 reveals that compared to the general review system, auditor teams under the three-level review system are less likely to issue modified audit opinions when abnormal financial conditions arise. This finding suggests that, while larger auditor teams' knowledge, experience, and information advantages can theoretically sharpen their judgment, their performance is more susceptible to interference from divergent opinions, the diffusion of responsibility, and lower energy invested by individual auditors, ultimately impairing their judgment regarding the audited enterprises' abnormal financial conditions. That is, the three-level review system, which aims to improve audit quality, actually worsens audit quality. This conclusion remains valid after the problems of heteroscedasticity and endogeneity are addressed by using firm-level cluster robust standard errors and two-stage regression. We hope that our research will draw the attention of auditing firms, prompting them to reconsider the rationality of the three-level review system.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2003

쌍극자들로 이루어진 이준위계의 해밀토니안이 주어질 때 이 계가 만족시키는 미시적인 양자 Langevin방정식을 유도하고, 이 방정식을 거시적인 구간 내에서 평균 함으로써 거시 양자 Langevin방정식을 유도하고 국소장 효과가 양자적으로 어떻게 표현되는 지를 살펴본다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2018

This paper deals with the idea to replace the usual high-level sine sweep test on shaker at system level, very severe, by a low level one completed by a transient test in the same configuration, in order to be more representative of the real environment, thus limiting over testing and improving the payload comfort. The problem of the transient test specification is first discussed. The proposed solution is to derive from LV/SC coupled analyses a shock response spectrum corresponding to two damping ratios. Then, the question of adequate shock synthesis is tackled. A new method with a given spectrum is considered for better potential and accuracy than the usual wavelets. A campaign on the Intespace bi-shaker devoted to system level showed its capability to perform the resulting test with one spectrum. First investigations to extend this approach to two spectra are in progress.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.80-80
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• 1999

As Temporal DataBase Systems(TDBSs) manages both the historical versions and the current version of each data item, a temporal transaction may access more data records than atransaction in traditional database systems. Hence, the concurrency control subsystem of temporaldatabase management system should be able to correctly and efficiently detect actual conflicts amongconcurrent temporal transactions while the cost of detecting conflicts is maintained in low levelwithout detecting false conflicts which cause severe degradation of system throughput.In this paper, Two-Level Conflict Detection(TLCD) scheme is proposed for efficient conflictdetection between concurrent temporal transactions in TDBs. In the proposed TLCD scheme, sincechecking conflict between concurrent temporal transactions is performed at two levels, i, e., logicallevel and physical level, conflicts between concurrent temporal transactions are efficiently and correctlydetected,Furthermore, we also evaluate the performance of the proposed TLCD scheme with those oftraditional conflict detection schemes, logical-level conflict detection scheme and physical-level conflictdetection scheme by simulation approach, The result of the simulation study shows that the proposedTLCD scheme outperforms the previous conflict detection schemes with respect to the averageresponse time.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

Purpose: Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system has high coefficient of performance than conventional air-source heat pump system and closed-loop type geothermal system. However, there is problem in long-term operation that groundwater raise at the diffusion well and reduced at the supply well. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the groundwater flow, groundwater movement and control the groundwater level in the wells. In this research, in consideration of hydrogeological characteristic, groundwater level and groundwater movement were conducted analysis in order to develop the optimal design method of the two-well system using the pairing pipe. Method: For the optimum design of the two-well system, this research focused on the design method of the pairing pipe in the simulation model. Especially, in order to control the groundwater level in wells, pairing pipe between the supply well and diffusion well was developed and the groundwater level during the system operation was analyzed by the numerical simulation. Result: As the result of simulation, the groundwater level increased to -2.65m even in the condition of low hydraulic conductivity and high pumping flow rate. Consequently, it was found that the developed system can be operated stably.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-111
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• 1998

본 연구에서 구조요소 및 구조계에 대한 지진손상 해석방법의 개념 및 과정을 연구하였다. 구조요소에 대한 지진손상도 해석은 구조요소나 단자유도계에 관한 기존의 방법으로 가장 널리사용되고 있는 Park & Ang 방법에 의하여 예제구조물에 대하여 수행하였다. 구조계에 대한 지진손상도 해석을 수행하기 위해서는 두 가지의 과정을 사용하였다. 첫 번째 과정은 구조계에 해당하는 지진응답을 구조계 대표응답법과 등가단자유도계 응답법을 이용하여 구한 후, 구조계의 지진손상도는 기존의 단자유도계나 구조요소에 관한 방법을 이용하여 구조계의 지진응답으로부터 구한다. 두 번째 구조요소에 대한 지진손상도 해석결과를 손상지수 조합법을 이용하여 선형적으로 조합하여 구조계의 지진손상도를 구한다. 각 방법의 유용성은 몇 개의 다른 지진과 예제구조물에 대하여 비교를 통하여 연구하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2012

사람이 만든 대부분의 시스템들은 하이브리드 시스템으로 모델링될 수 있다. 하이브리드 시스템 모델은 의사결정을 담당하는 상위레벨 모델과 기계적 제어를 담당하는 하위레벨 모델로 구성되기 때문에, 그 구조가 복잡하기 마련이며 모델을 해석할 때 모델의 종류에 따라 서로 다른 해석 기법이 요구된다. 상위레벨 모델은 FSM과 같은 이산사건시스템의 해석기법으로 풀이할 수 있으나, 하위레벨은 연속시간 모델로 구성되기 때문에 공학적 수치해석 기법이 동원되어야 한다. 개발자가 이 두 레벨의 모델을 함께 개발하는 방식에는 어려움이 많기 때문에 본 연구에서는 게임 분야에서 널리 사용되어지고 검증되어진 물리엔진 미들웨어를 이용하여 하위레벨의 모델링 및 해석 과정에 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.631-636
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• 2007

Eigenvalue reduction schemes approximate the lower eigenmodes that represent the global behavior of the structures. In the, we proposed a two-level condensation scheme(TLCS) for the construction of a reduced system. In first step, the of candidate elements by energy estimation, Rayleigh quotient, through Ritz vector calculation, and next, the primary degrees of freedom is selected by sequential elimination from the degrees of freedom connected the candidate elements in the first step. In the present study, we propose TLCS combined with iterative improved reduced system(IIRS) to increase accuracy of higher modes intermediate range. Also, it possible to control the accuracy of the eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the reduced system. Numerical examples demonstrate performance of proposed method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.638-640
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• 2004

The gas stripper system of a nuclear power plant provides gas-free water to a reactor and a turbine system. The gas tripper unit has two control systems to regulate pressure and level independently. Because the level and the pressure interact as a control disturbance each other, continuous operation of the system is difficult. In this paper, We describe the controllability evaluation of the gas stripper system and the results of the optimally tuned control gains.