• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2012

In order to screen interactor(s) of the Aspergillus nidulans ${\alpha}$-COP of COPI vesicle, we performed the yeast two hybrid screening by using the gene for A. nidulans ${\alpha}$-COP as a bait and identified ${\varepsilon}$-COP of the COPI vesicle as an interacting protein. The A. nidualns gene for the ${\varepsilon}$-COP was designated $aneA^+$ ($\underline{A.}$ $\underline{n}$idulans $\underline{e}$psi-lone-COP), which encoded 296 amino acid residues with high level of identity with orthologs from other fungi. Domain analyses with yeast two-hybrid system suggested that the interaction between ${\alpha}$-COP and ${\varepsilon}$-COP relied on the C-terminus of both proteins, and that the N-terminal WD domian of ${\alpha}$-COP and the TPR region of ${\varepsilon}$-COP were not essential but required for the enhancement of the interaction. These results indicate that the interaction mode between ${\alpha}$-COP and ${\varepsilon}$-COP of COPI vesicle is evolutionarily well conserved in eukaryotes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

Flowering time of Pinus rigida Mill and Pinus taeda L, in an $F_1$-hybrid seed orchard was investigated for five years from 1971 through 1975. The two tree species flowered during late April to early May at the observation site, Flowering patterns of the two species of different sex of the same species changed yearly during the five observation years. Floral development of the two species appeared to depend largely on temperature factor during the period of the initiation of floral organs up to flowering provided that other environmental factors are normal. Six-days difference in flowing time between female inflorescence of pitch (flower later) and male inflorescence of loblolly (flower earlier) pines effectively isolated the two species reproductively on population levels. Not all of selected trees of the two species for their synchronized flowering appeared to be useful as parental trees for the establishment of $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards. With the result from this investigation the author suggested to use a modified simple recurrent selection method for pitch-loblolly hybrid pine breeding.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1608-1613
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• 2012

A conventional kinesin, KIF5/Kinesin-I, transports various cargoes along the microtubule through interaction between its light chain subunit and the cargoes. Kinesin light chains (KLCs) interact with many different cargoes using their tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, but the mechanism underlying recognition and binding of a specific cargo has not yet been completely elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid assay to identify proteins that interact with the TPR domain of KLC1. We found an interaction between the TPR domain of KLC1 and an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-binding protein PAT1 (protein interacting with APP tail 1). The yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that the TPR domain-containing region of KLC1 mediated binding to the C-terminal tail region of PAT1. PAT1 also bound to KLC2 but not to kinesin heavy chains (KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C) in the yeast two-hybrid assay. These protein-protein interactions were also observed in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. Anti-PAT1 antibody as well as anti-APP anti-body co-immunoprecipitated KLC and KHCs associated with PAT1 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that PAT1 could mediate interactions between Kinesin-I and APP containing vesicles.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-27
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• 2012

Extending the findings of Rajagopal and Burnkrant (2009), this research examines the moderating role of consumers' goals (i.e., head category-relevant goal vs. modifier category-relevant goal) in the effects of two different interpretation strategies (i.e., relational interpretation vs. property interpretation) on product beliefs and attitudes toward hybrid products. In the current research, we make two predictions. First, we predict that both head category and modifier category beliefs will be higher under property interpretations than under relational interpretations in the modifier category-relevant goal priming conditions, whereas there will be no significant differences between each product category beliefs across the two interpretation conditions in the head category-relevant goal priming conditions. Second, we predict that attitudes toward hybrid products will be higher under property interpretations than under relational interpretations in the modifier category-relevant goal priming conditions, whereas there will be no significant differences between the attitudes toward hybrid products across the two interpretation conditions in the head category-relevant goal priming conditions. These predictions are tested and confirmed in two experiments. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings and develop directions for future research.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2015

In this paper, two rotor configurations including different amount of magnet and reluctance parts are presented. The rotors are constituted by means of a flexible hybrid motor structure. Considerable features of the hybrid structure are that the combination of the magnet and reluctance parts can be suitably modified and the mechanical angle (${\beta}$) between the parts can also be varied. Two hybrid rotor configurations have been considered in this study. First, finite element (FE) simulations were carried out and the torque behaviors of the motors were predicted. The average torque ($T_{avg}$) and maximum torque ($T_{max}$) curves were obtained from FE simulations in order to find suitable ${\beta}$. Mathematical model of the motors was formed in terms of a,b,c variables considering the amount of the magnet and reluctance parts on the rotor and simulations were performed. Rotor prototypes, motor drive and drive method were introduced. Torque profiles of the motors were obtained by static torque measurement and loaded tests were also realized. Thus, simulation results were verified by experimental study. There is a good match between predictions and measurements. The proposed motors are operated with electrical $120^{\circ}$ mode as a brushless DC motor (BLDC) and torque versus speed characteristics show a compound DC motor characteristic. The motors can be named as brushless DC compound motors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.132-144
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to optimize staining procedures for muscle fiber typing efficiently and rapidly in bovine and porcine skeletal muscles, such as longissimus thoracis, psoas major, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. The commercially available monoclonal anti-myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibodies and fluorescent dye-conjugated secondary antibodies were applied to immunofluorescence histology. Two different procedures, such as cocktail and serial staining, were adopted to immunofluorescence analysis. In bovine muscles, three pure types (I, IIA, and IIX) and one hybrid type, IIA+IIX, were identified by the cocktail procedure with a combination of BA-F8, SC-71, BF-35, and 6H1 anti-MHC antibodies. Porcine muscle fibers were typed into four pure types (I, IIA, IIX, and IIB) and two hybrid types (IIA+IIX and IIX+IIB) by a serial procedure with a combination of BA-F8, SC-71, BF-35, and BF-F3. Unlike for bovine muscle, the cocktail procedure was not recommended in porcine muscle fiber typing because of the abnormal reactivity of SC-71 antibody under cocktail procedure. Within the four antibodies, combinations of two or more anti-MHC antibodies allowed us to distinguish pure fiber types or all fiber types including hybrid types. Application of other secondary antibodies conjugated with different fluorescent dyes allowed us to get improved image resolution that clearly distinguished hybrid fibers. Muscle fiber characteristics differed depending on species and muscle types.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.345-360
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• 2020

Modern swarm intelligence heuristic search methods are widely applied in the field of structural health monitoring due to their advantages of excellent global search capacity, loose requirement of initial guess and ease of computational implementation etc. To this end, a hybrid strategy is proposed based on butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) and differential evolution (DE) with purpose of effective combination of their merits. In the proposed identification strategy, two improvements including mutation and crossover operations of DE, and dynamic adaptive operators are introduced into original BOA to reduce the risk to be trapped in local optimum and increase global search capability. The performance of the proposed algorithm, hybrid butterfly optimization and differential evolution algorithm (HBODEA) is evaluated by two numerical examples of a simply supported beam and a 37-bar truss structure, as well as an experimental test of 8-story shear-type steel frame structure in the laboratory. Compared with BOA and DE, the numerical and experimental results show that the proposed HBODEA is more robust to detect the reduction of stiffness with limited sensors and contaminated measurements. In addition, the effect of search space, two dynamic operators, population size on identification accuracy and efficiency of the proposed identification strategy are further investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.555-565
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• 1999

The optimal identification algorithm of fuzzy systems is presented for rule-based fuzzy modeling of nonlinear complex systems. Nonlinear systems are expressed using the identification of structure such as input variables and fuzzy input subspaces, and parameters of a fuzzy model. In this paper, the rule-based fuzzy modeling implements system structure and parameter identification using the fuzzy inference methods and hybrid structure combined with two types of optimization theories for nonlinear systems. Two types of inference methods of a fuzzy model are the simplified inference and linear inference. The proposed hybrid optimal identification algorithm is carried out using both a genetic algorithm and the improved complex method. Here, a genetic algorithm is utilized for determining initial parameters of membership function of premise fuzzy rules, and the improved complex method which is a powerful auto-tuning algorithm is carried out to obtain fine parameters of membership function. Accordingly, in order to optimize fuzzy model, we use the optimal algorithm with a hybrid type for the identification of premise parameters and standard least square method for the identification of consequence parameters of a fuzzy model. Also, an aggregate performance index with weighting factor is proposed to achieve a balance between performance results of fuzzy model produced for the training and testing data. Two numerical examples are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1729-1750
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• 2018

Voltage source inverters (VSIs) are widely used to drive induction motors in industry applications. The quality of output waveforms depends on the switching sequences used in pulse width modulation (PWM). In this work, all existing optimal space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) switching strategies are studied. The performance of existing SVPWM switching strategies is optimized to realize a tradeoff between quality of output waveforms and switching losses. This study generalizes the existing optimal switching sequences for total harmonic distortions (THDs) and switching losses for different modulation indexes and reference angles with a parameter called quality factor. This factor provides a common platform in which the THDs and switching losses of different SVPWM techniques can be compared. The optimal spatial distribution of each sequence is derived on the basis of the quality factor to minimize harmonic current distortions and switching losses in a sector; the result is the minimum ripple loss SVPWM (MRSLPWM). By employing the sequences from optimized switching maps, the proposed method can simultaneously reduce THDs and switching losses. Two hybrid SVPWM techniques are proposed to reduce line current distortions and switching losses in motor drives. The proposed hybrid SVPWM strategies are MRSLPWM 30 and MRSLPWM 90. With a low-cost PIC microcontroller (PIC18F452), the proposed hybrid SVPWM techniques and the quality of output waveforms are experimentally validated on a 2 kVA VSI based on a three-phase two-level insulated gate bipolar transistor.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.42-48
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• 2020

This research illustrates how the hybrid engine system comprising of a two-cycle reciprocal engine with an integrated generator and a battery is prepared for the design process. The purpose of this research is to increase flight endurance taking advantage of the high energy density of hybrid propulsion systems as well as to cope with current environmental issues by reducing fossil fuel. The hybrid system is designed to offer 6 kW power, and the power can be adjusted by controlling the engine's RPM in accordance with load variations. In addition, the battery is adopted to offer extra electric power that this hybrid system cannot cover, and can function as the main power source in limited time in the case of an emergency situation. Besides that, the generator is directly mounted on an engine crank-shaft, and in turn, they can share the same RPM. Thus, it is hypothesized that this integration method can make a compact design possible by reducing space for the installation in the fuselage of UAVs.