• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2021

The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha^-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha^-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 2001

This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of the educational program that is designed to help the patients of T.K.R.A. to improve their self-nursing ability. The research will show how well this program can contribute to raising of their adaptability of everyday life by decreasing the difficulties that the patients had before in their daily life. The sample persons for this research were 40 adult patients who had T.K.R.A. in our hospital, and the data were collected through the questionnaires which were given to them. For the surveying tool, Jette's scale was applied to measure the degree of uncomforting that the patients experienced in their daily life. The materials of report had been gathered from May 1st to December 10th. The collected data were analyzed with real numbers, percentage, average, the standard deviation, TorF test and Pearsons correlation. The results of this study can be summarized like follows: The survey of self-caring exercise part were processed with two groups containing experiment group and contrast group. The exercise which took the highest points in experiment group was repetition of stretching and bending knees with laid down position while taking a walk, repetition of stretching and bending knees with seated on chair position and repetition of stretching and bending knees with laid down position got high points in contrast group. There were distinctive differences in statistics between repetition of stretching and bending knees in laid down position and taking a walk. There was no significant statistical gap between the degrees of inconveniences of daily life that each two groups experienced when we compared the average of the two groups, but 12 out of 20 questions got considerable differences. According to common characters of self-caring, there was a distinctive gap in the group who left the hospital in 14days and the ones who spend more than 30 minutes with exercise. The patient group who left the hospital in fourteen days after T.K.R.A. spent more time doing self-caring exercise. In the relationship between common characters and the degree of difficulties of daily life, Exercising is effective and Spending more that 30 minutes for exercise showed visible differences. The patients who answered that exercise are effective and put more time for it experienced less pain in their everyday life. The data proved by Pearson's correlation showed the relationship between self- caring and the degree of pain of daily life. According to the result, the increasing of self-caring activities helped to down the degree of inconveniences of daily life. This data show that T.K.R.A. reduced self-caring exercise ability and daily life activities. Therefore, the medical staffs who would take care the T.K.R.A. patients should offer stable nursing through well scheduled and education materials for patients. It is also important to encourage the patients to participate to the exercise by showing them how exercise after T.K.R.A. The education program is expecting to guarantee not only the right of patients to get enough information but also effective result to decrease uncomfortable of daily life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.665-678
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self reflective practice using cellular phone video recordings on self-confidence in performance, practice satisfaction, learning self-efficacy and core basic nursing skills achievement. A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group posttest design was used. Participants were recruited from one nursing colleges. The sample consisted of an experimental group (n=43) that participated in the self reflective practice using cellular phone video recordings program and a control group (n=43). The data of self-confidence in performance, practice satisfaction, and learning self-efficacy were collected using self-administered questionnaires from March 2, 2018 to May 30. The core basic nursing skills achievement was evaluated by two researchers. Data analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test and independent t-test. After the intervention, self-confidence in performance, learning self-efficacy and core basic nursing skills achievement significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. Findings indicated that, this program can be recommended as an effective educational program for the nursing student to improve their fundamental nursing skills.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify knowledge and attitudes on antibiotic use held by adolescents (middle and high school students) in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 651 students residing in 5 major cities in Korea. The questionnaire was developed after an extensive literature review and professional advisory meetings. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi square test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. Results: Respondents correctly answered 6.23 antibiotic-related questions out of 15 questions. Two thirds of the respondents knew viruses caused most colds and coughs, but 80% did not know that antibiotics do not work against viruses. High school students' attitudes towards antibiotics were somewhat negative. More middle school students than high school students asked doctors for antibiotics for a cold. High school students did not check if antibiotics were included in their prescription for a cold. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use. Conclusion: Education programs on appropriate antibiotic use need to be developed for these students. Continual reinforcement and repetition of the contents are required to change attitudes.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.509-518
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the state of unmarried cohabitation and to compare the differences of loneliness and family function among university students with cohabitation experience and those with no experience in Korea. Methods: A convenience sample of 213 university students was recruited from three universities located in G city and the Chonnam area of Korea. Data collection methods included: (a) a demographic questionnaire, (b) a questionnaire related to cohabitation, (c) UCLA scale: 20 items on a 4-point scale (c) Family APGAR questionnaire: 5 items on a 3-point scale. SPSS/WIN 17.0 was used for descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, and Pearson correlation. Results: In this study, 21.1% of the subjects had experiences of unmarried cohabitation. The cohabitation experience was related to gender, age, and monthly income. There was significant differences in family function between the two groups. Loneliness scores were significantly correlated with family function scores in the non-cohabitation group. Conclusion: To improve sex life of the university students, healthcare providers including school nurses may consider family function.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

The pellets with multiple drug release system (MDRS) of Diltiazem. HCl which consist of immediate drug release layer, drug reservoir layer and controlled release rate membrane, were prepared by using CF-Coater. As main factors for more effective MDRS of Diltiazem. HCl, ethylcellulose was used for the controlling drug release rate, and diethylphthalate was used for plasticizer, respectively. In vitro evaluation study was performed by comparative dissolution test between our test MDRS and reference Diltiazem. HCl preparation. The physical tests were performed using FT-IR and SEM. In vivo evaluation was also performed by observing the behavior of a plasma drug concentration after oral administration. The bioavailability was determined by analyzing the blood sample after oral administration to healthy, male volunteers once a day. As a result, there were no significant differences in bioequivalence parameters $(AUC_{\infty},\;C_{max},\;t_{1/2})$ between two systems. It might be concluded that our MDRS of Diltiazem. HCl could be an alternative delivery system to reference drug preparation.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of suicide attempters visiting emergency department in a general hospital located at local city. Methods: To investigate the characteristics of suicide attempters, the medical records of 201 suicide attempters were reviewed with a structured analytic sheet. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, two sample t-test, and oneway ANOVA. Results: Among total of 201 suicide attempters, 114 (56.7%) lived in rural areas. 114 (56.7%) were men and most of them (71, 35.3%) lived in rural areas. 155 (77.5%) was the first trier and the most frequently used method was taking pesticides. There were gender and regional differences in the suicide-related characteristics of suicide attempters. Conclusion: The results provide empirical evidences to design and implement strategies at both macro and micro levels to prevent suicide.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

This study examines the relationships between elementary school students' multiple intelligences, prosocial behaviors, and school adjustments. The sample included 367 students from two elementary schools, and data were collected using the multiple-intelligence index, the prosocial behavior inventory, and the school adjustment index. A statistical analysis was conducted using t-test, a one-way ANOVA (Duncan's test), and a multiple regression analysis. According to the results, there were significant differences in the students' prosocial behaviors according to their multiple intelligences in terms of their sharing, kindness, cooperation, help, sympathy, and protection. In addition, there were significant differences in their school adjustments according to their multiple intelligence in terms of their adjustments to their teachers, friends, studies, and rules and events. The students' multiple intelligence was a significant predictors of their prosocial behaviors and school adjustments. In particular, their interpersonal intelligences, intrapersonal intelligences, and linguistic intelligences were significant predictors of their prosocial behaviors and school adjustments. These results suggest that elementary school students should be encouraged to develop their multiple intelligence to facilitate their prosocial behaviors and school adjustments.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to assess college students' knowledge, attitude, and health behavior regarding cancer based on 10 national cancer prevention recommendations and to examine the relation between these variables. Methods: The participants were 189 college students in J city. Data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of items on cancer-related knowledge, attitude toward cancer, and implementation of 10 national recommendations on cancer. The data were analyzed using independent two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ multiple comparison test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression(stepwise) analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and health behavior were 23.83 points (out of a possible 32), 33.10 points (out of possible 50), respectively. Attitude was positively correlated with health behavior and accounted for 37.7% of cancer prevention health behavior. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the related factors should be considered in the development and implementation of systemic education programs that can encourage and promote cancer prevention health behavior among college students.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of anxiety-depression and maternal fetal attachment between pregnant women with preterm labor and normal pregnant women. The number of subjects was 132 convenienced sample. The sample were 66 pregnant women with preterm labor admitted in clinics and 66 normal pregnant women visited OB outpatient department at 1 general hospital in Busan. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire from Aug. 1st to Oct, 31th. 2006 and were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, chi-square test using SPSS/Win PC+ 12.0. The research results were as follows: 1. The general characteristics between normal and preterm pregnancy were homogeneous. 2. It was significantly differed according to anxiety-depression between two groups, but it was not significantly differed according to maternal fetal attachment. 3. There were negative correlations with anxiety-depression and maternal fetal attachment. In conclusion, the special program should be created for each pregnant women and ante-natal nursing service may assessed and consulted on anxiety-depression and maternal fetal attachment, and needed the development of professional and educational nursing intervention on anxiety-depression and maternal fatal attachment enhancement in prenatal health care.